Single-Task or Dual-Task? Gait Assessment as a Potential Diagnostic Tool for Alzheimer’s Disease

Journal of Alzheimer s Disease ◽

10.3233/jad-210690 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-10

Author(s):

Chorong Oh

Keyword(s):

Cognitive Load ◽

Dual Task ◽

Predictive Power ◽

Diagnostic Assessment ◽

Diagnostic Feature ◽

Multiple Logistic Regression ◽

Single Task ◽

Gait Performance ◽

Category Naming ◽

Variance Explained

Background: A person’s gait performance requires the integration of sensorimotor and cognitive systems. Therefore, a person’s gait may be influenced by concurrent cognitive load such as simultaneous talking. Although it has been known that gait performance of people with Alzheimer’s dementia (AD) is compromised when they attempt a dual-task walking task, it is unclear if using a dual-task gait performance during an AD assessment yields higher diagnostic accuracy. Objective: This study was designed to investigate the predictive power for AD of dual-task gait performance in an AD assessment. Methods: Participants (14 with AD and 15 healthy controls) walked across the GAITRite© Portable Walkway mat under three different cognitive load conditions: no simultaneous cognitive load, walking while counting numbers by ones, and walking while completing category naming. Results: Multiple logistic regression revealed that the high cognitive load (i.e., category naming) with or without the low cognitive load (i.e., concurrent counting) increased the proportion of variance explained by the FAP, SL, and DST. Conclusion: Dual-task walking and talking may be a more effective diagnostic feature than single-task walking in a comprehensive AD diagnostic assessment.

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Single-Task and Dual-Task Tandem Gait Performance Across Clinical Concussion Milestones in Collegiate Student-Athletes

Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine ◽

10.1097/jsm.0000000000000836 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol Publish Ahead of Print ◽

Author(s):

Jessie R. Oldham ◽

David R. Howell ◽

Christopher A. Knight ◽

Jeremy R. Crenshaw ◽

Thomas A. Buckley

Keyword(s):

Dual Task ◽

Student Athletes ◽

Single Task ◽

Gait Performance ◽

Tandem Gait

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Perception of a Haptic Stimulus Presented Under the Foot Under Workload

Sensors ◽

10.3390/s20082421 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 20 (8) ◽

pp. 2421

Author(s):

Landry Delphin Chapwouo Tchakoute ◽

Bob-Antoine J. Menelas

Keyword(s):

Cognitive Load ◽

Everyday Life ◽

Significant Influence ◽

Dual Task ◽

Vibrotactile Stimulus ◽

Average Score ◽

Single Task ◽

Haptic Stimulus ◽

Rest Condition ◽

Task Conditions

It is clear that the haptic channel can be exploited as a communication medium for several tasks of everyday life. Here we investigated whether such communication can be altered in a cognitive load situation. We studied the perception of a vibrotactile stimulus presented under the foot when the attention is loaded by another task (cognitive load). The results demonstrated a significant influence of workload on the perception of the vibrotactile stimulus. Overall, we observed that the average score in the single-task (at rest) condition was greater than the overall mean score in the dual-task conditions (counting forwards, counting backwards, and walking). The walking task was the task that most influenced the perception of the vibrotactile stimulus presented under the foot.

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Single-Task and Dual-Task Gait Among Collegiate Athletes of Different Sport Classifications: Implications for Concussion Management

Journal of Applied Biomechanics ◽

10.1123/jab.2015-0323 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 33 (1) ◽

pp. 24-31 ◽

Cited By ~ 27

Author(s):

David R. Howell ◽

Jessie R. Oldham ◽

Melissa DiFabio ◽

Srikant Vallabhajosula ◽

Eric E. Hall ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Task Performance ◽

Dual Task ◽

Inertial Sensors ◽

Cognitive Task ◽

Collegiate Athletes ◽

Gait Pattern ◽

Cognitive Test ◽

Single Task ◽

Gait Performance ◽

Cognitive Task Performance

Gait impairments have been documented following sport-related concussion. Whether preexisting gait pattern differences exist among athletes who participate in different sport classifications, however, remains unclear. Dual-task gait examinations probe the simultaneous performance of everyday tasks (ie, walking and thinking), and can quantify gait performance using inertial sensors. The purpose of this study was to compare the single-task and dual-task gait performance of collision/contact and noncontact athletes. A group of collegiate athletes (n = 265) were tested before their season at 3 institutions (mean age= 19.1 ± 1.1 years). All participants stood still (single-task standing) and walked while simultaneously completing a cognitive test (dual-task gait), and completed walking trials without the cognitive test (single-task gait). Spatial-temporal gait parameters were compared between collision/contact and noncontact athletes using MANCOVAs; cognitive task performance was compared using ANCOVAs. No significant single-task or dual-task gait differences were found between collision/contact and noncontact athletes. Noncontact athletes demonstrated higher cognitive task accuracy during single-task standing (P = .001) and dual-task gait conditions (P = .02) than collision/contact athletes. These data demonstrate the utility of a dual-task gait assessment outside of a laboratory and suggest that preinjury cognitive task performance during dual-tasks may differ between athletes of different sport classifications.

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Measurement of Centre of Pressure Using the Wii Balance Board in Older Adults with Simulated Visual Impairment

Innovation in Aging ◽

10.1093/geroni/igab046.2472 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽

pp. 658-658

Author(s):

Berkley Petersen ◽

Karen Li ◽

Caitlin Murphy ◽

Aaron Johnson

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Cognitive Load ◽

Dual Task ◽

Postural Stability ◽

Centre Of Pressure ◽

Balance Performance ◽

Single Task ◽

Eyes Closed ◽

Math Task ◽

Hearing Acuity

Abstract Postural stability is a complex skill dependent upon the coordination of motor, sensory and cognitive systems. The purpose of this project was therefore to explore how older adults’ balance performance is impacted by increased cognitive load, hearing loss, and simulated vision loss. Twenty-eight older adults between the ages of 50 and 93 years (M = 73.86, SD = 10.43) were tested. Participants underwent standard sensory acuity and cognitive functioning tests. The balance trials varied as a function of cognitive load and visual challenge resulting in five conditions: (1) eyes closed, (2) normal vision clear goggles (NV) (3) simulated low vision (20/80) goggles (LV) (4) LV and math task, (5) NV and math task. Postural stability was assessed with three key center of pressure parameters: total path length (TPL), anterior-posterior amplitude (APA) and medial-lateral amplitude (MLA). A mixed-model ANOVA using hearing acuity as a covariate revealed significant effects of complexity in sway amplitude: (APA: p < .017; MLA: p < .020), while TPL approached significance (p < .074). T-tests revealed significant (p < .05) decreases in balance performance across all 3 centre of pressure parameters when comparing single task NV to dual-task NV, NV vs. eyes closed and single task NV vs. LV dual-task. There were significant positive correlations between hearing acuity and balance (MLA) under single task NV (r = .491) and LV conditions (r = .497). Results suggest the attentional demands from increased cognitive load and sensory loss lead to decreases in older adults’ single- and dual-task balance performance.

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Speech Fluency in Acquired Apraxia of Speech During Narrative Discourse: Group Comparisons and Dual-Task Effects

American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology ◽

10.1044/2018_ajslp-msc18-18-0107 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 28 (2S) ◽

pp. 905-914

Author(s):

Tyson G. Harmon ◽

Adam Jacks ◽

Katarina L. Haley

Keyword(s):

Cognitive Load ◽

Dual Task ◽

Narrative Discourse ◽

Control Group ◽

Apraxia Of Speech ◽

Task Condition ◽

Sample Duration ◽

Dual Task Condition ◽

Single Task ◽

Speech Fluency

Purpose Slowed speech and interruptions to the flow of connected speech are common in aphasia. These features are also observed during dual-task performance for neurotypical adults. The purposes of this study were to determine (a) whether indices of fluency related to cognitive–linguistic versus motor processing would differ between speakers with aphasia plus apraxia of speech (AOS) and speakers with aphasia only and (b) whether cognitive load reduces fluency in speakers with aphasia with and without AOS. Method Fourteen speakers with aphasia (7 with AOS) and 7 neurotypical controls retold short stories alone (single task) and while simultaneously distinguishing between a high and a low tone (dual task). Their narrative samples were analyzed for speech fluency according to sample duration, speech rate, pause/fill time, and repetitions per syllable. Results As expected, both speaker groups with aphasia spoke slower and with more pauses than the neurotypical controls. The speakers with AOS produced more repetitions and longer samples than controls, but they did not differ on these measures from the speakers with aphasia without AOS. Relative to the single-task condition, the dual-task condition increased the duration of pauses and fillers for all groups but reduced speaking rate only for the control group. Sample duration and frequency of repetitions did not change in response to cognitive load. Conclusions Speech output in aphasia becomes less fluent when speakers have to engage in simultaneous tasks, as is typical in everyday conversation. Although AOS may lead to more sound and syllable repetitions than normal, speaking tasks other than narrative discourse might better capture this specific type of disfluency. Future research is needed to confirm and expand these preliminary findings. Supplemental Material https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.8847845

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Goalkeeper game: a new assessment instrument in neurology showed higher predictive power than moca for gait performance in people with parkinson’s disease

10.1101/400457 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Rafael B. Stern ◽

Matheus d’Alencar ◽

Yanina L. Uscapi ◽

Marco D. Gubitoso ◽

Antonio C. Roque ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Parkinson’S Disease ◽

Parkinson's Disease ◽

Dual Task ◽

Predictive Power ◽

Assessment Instrument ◽

Single Individual ◽

Timed Up And Go ◽

Gait Performance ◽

Task Conditions ◽

Moca Score

ObjectiveTo investigate the use of the Goalkeeper Game (GG) to assess gait automaticity decline under dual task conditions in people with Parkinson’s disease (PPD) and compare its predictive power with the one of the MoCA test.Materials and Methods74 PPD (H&Y stages: 23 in stage 1; 31 in stage 2; 20 in stage 3), without dementia (MoCA cut-off 23), tested in ON period with dopaminergic medication were submitted to single individual cognitive/motor evaluation sessions. The tests applied were: MoCA, GG, dynamic gait index (DGI) task and timed up and go test (TUG) under single and dual-task (DT) conditions. GG test resulted in 9 measures extracted via a statistical model. The predictive power of the GG measures and the MoCA score with respect to gait performance, as assessed by DGI and DT-TUG, were compared.ResultsThe predictive models based on GG measures and MoCA score obtained, respectively, sensitivities of 65% and 56% for DGI scores and 59% and 57% for DT-TUG cost at a 50% specificity. GG application proved to be feasible and aroused more motivation in PPDs than MoCa.ConclusionGG, a friendly and ludic game, was able to reach a good power of gait performance prediction in people at initial and intermediate stages of PD evolution.

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Effects of Concurrent Manual Task Performance on Connected Speech Acoustics in Individuals With Parkinson Disease

Journal of Speech Language and Hearing Research ◽

10.1044/2019_jslhr-s-msc18-18-0190 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 62 (7) ◽

pp. 2099-2117 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Jason A. Whitfield ◽

Zoe Kriegel ◽

Adam M. Fullenkamp ◽

Daryush D. Mehta

Keyword(s):

Task Performance ◽

Speech Production ◽

Dual Task ◽

Motor Task ◽

Task Condition ◽

Connected Speech ◽

Speech Acoustics ◽

Single Task ◽

Manual Task ◽

Task Conditions

Purpose Prior investigations suggest that simultaneous performance of more than 1 motor-oriented task may exacerbate speech motor deficits in individuals with Parkinson disease (PD). The purpose of the current investigation was to examine the extent to which performing a low-demand manual task affected the connected speech in individuals with and without PD. Method Individuals with PD and neurologically healthy controls performed speech tasks (reading and extemporaneous speech tasks) and an oscillatory manual task (a counterclockwise circle-drawing task) in isolation (single-task condition) and concurrently (dual-task condition). Results Relative to speech task performance, no changes in speech acoustics were observed for either group when the low-demand motor task was performed with the concurrent reading tasks. Speakers with PD exhibited a significant decrease in pause duration between the single-task (speech only) and dual-task conditions for the extemporaneous speech task, whereas control participants did not exhibit changes in any speech production variable between the single- and dual-task conditions. Conclusions Overall, there were little to no changes in speech production when a low-demand oscillatory motor task was performed with concurrent reading. For the extemporaneous task, however, individuals with PD exhibited significant changes when the speech and manual tasks were performed concurrently, a pattern that was not observed for control speakers. Supplemental Material https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.8637008

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Cognitive Load beim Lernen aus Lösungsbeispielen

Zeitschrift für Pädagogische Psychologie ◽

10.1024//1010-0652.17.2.93 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 17 (2) ◽

pp. 93-101 ◽

Cited By ~ 21

Author(s):

Alexander Renkl ◽

Hans Gruber ◽

Sandra Weber ◽

Thomas Lerche ◽

Karl Schweizer

Keyword(s):

Cognitive Load ◽

Dual Task

Zusammenfassung: Die Effektivität des Lernens aus Lösungsbeispielen im Vergleich zum Lernen durch Problemlösen wird derzeit mit der Cognitive Load-Theorie erklärt: Beim Lernen aus Lösungsbeispielen wird das Arbeitsgedächtnis weniger belastet, daher bleibt mehr Raum für Lern- und Verstehensprozesse. Um diese These direkt experimentell zu überprüfen, wurde das dual task-Paradigma eingesetzt. 80 Studierende der Geistes- und Sozialwissenschaften wurden auf die Zellen eines 2 × 2-faktoriellen Designs (Faktor 1: Lernen aus Lösungsbeispielen vs. Lernen durch Problemlösen; Faktor 2: mit vs. ohne Zweitaufgabe) verteilt. Der Lernstoff war Wahrscheinlichkeitsrechnung. Der Lernerfolg wurde mit einem Nachtest erfasst. Das Befundmuster hinsichtlich des Lernerfolgs und der Reaktionszeiten auf eine Zweitaufgabe in den vier experimentellen Gruppen stimmte mit den aus der Cognitive-Load-Theorie abgeleiteten Hypothesen überein.

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Assessment of Cognitive Load in Multimedia Learning Using Dual-Task Methodology

Experimental Psychology (formerly Zeitschrift für Experimentelle Psychologie) ◽

10.1027//1618-3169.49.2.109 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 49 (2) ◽

pp. 109-119 ◽

Cited By ~ 120

Author(s):

Roland Brünken ◽

Susan Steinbacher ◽

Jan L. Plass ◽

Detlev Leutner

Keyword(s):

Cognitive Load ◽

Dual Task ◽

Cognitive Load Theory ◽

Multimedia Learning ◽

Learning Systems ◽

Learning Materials ◽

New Approach ◽

Direct Assessment ◽

Load Theory ◽

Audiovisual Presentation

Abstract. In two pilot experiments, a new approach for the direct assessment of cognitive load during multimedia learning was tested that uses dual-task methodology. Using this approach, we obtained the same pattern of cognitive load as predicted by cognitive load theory when applied to multimedia learning: The audiovisual presentation of text-based and picture-based learning materials induced less cognitive load than the visual-only presentation of the same material. The findings confirm the utility of dual-task methodology as a promising approach for the assessment of cognitive load induced by complex multimedia learning systems.

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