scholarly journals ABOUT TECHNIQUE CREATION OF AN INTERDISCIPLINARY RESEARCH ON VEGETABLE ORIGIN TRACES

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 556-572
Author(s):  
O. Grosheva
Keyword(s):  
Forensic Science ◽  
Interdisciplinary Research ◽  
Dynamic Contact ◽  
Movement Direction ◽  
Literature Analysis ◽  
Layer Formation ◽  
Trace Evidence ◽  
Evidence Analysis ◽  
Series Of Experiments ◽  
Scientific Base

Issue of developing appropriateness a technique for establishing a mechanism for formation of vegetable origin traces on clothing items is investigated. Argument is given about the need to develop such a technique is based on special literature analysis. It is important to use specialized expertise in the form of forensic science including interdisciplinary research to make a correct and objective decision in this case. As a rule, interdisciplinary forensics is an interdisciplinary research because it integrates the knowledge of various branches of science. As separate categories, forensic biological examination and forensic trace evidence analysis have a sufficiently developed scientific base. At the same time, regarding their integration in the form of interdisciplinary researches; there is a shortage of appropriate techniques. This directly relates to the need of developing a technique for establishing green layers on object carriers (garments). It is argued that only integration of the forensic biologist (botanist) knowledge about the nature of vegetable origin layering in combination with the specialized expertise of a forensic trace evidence expert based on tracing mechanisms will lead to a scientifically based result. A series of experiments was carried out which results revealed complexes of signs enough to establish the contact nature (static, dynamic) and the movement direction during dynamic contact. This allowed us to conclude that next series of experiments would be expedient which would simulate circumstances of the contact of clothes with the vegetation of various terrain sections during the crime commission. Together, the experiments will become the basis for creating technique for the mechanism detection of green layer formation on clothing.

scholarly journals To the question on classification of digital footprint

2020 ◽  
pp. 64-71
Author(s):  
Vladislav Yur'evich Ivanov
Keyword(s):  
Forensic Science ◽  
Computer Technology ◽  
Detailed Examination ◽  
Trace Evidence ◽  
Digital Footprint ◽  
Evidence Analysis ◽  
New Type ◽  
Current Context ◽  
Traditional Approaches ◽  
Different Characteristics

The subject of this research is the digital footprint and its place in the traditional classification trace evidence in forensic science that is divided into material and ideal. The advent of computer technology led to the need for detailed examination of the trace pattern formed as a result of human activity in computer space, and thus to supplement trace evidence analysis with the new type of trace evidence. A number of forensic experts advances the original concepts on determination of place and role of these traces in trace evidence analysis. The author analyzes different points of view expressed by forensic experts on the matter, as well as presents an original substantiated opinion. The main conclusion of this research consists in the need for rapid adaptation of the approaches of forensic science to the current conditions of information society. The established within forensic science traditional approaches lose their relevance in the current context of the development of computer technology. Commission of unlawful actions in the computer space, particularly with application information and telecommunications technology on the Internet, contributes to the emergence of a specific trace evidence pattern that cannot be attributed to either material or ideal traces. Therefore, it is necessary to supplement the existing classification with a separate section – the digital footprint, which has substantially different characteristics than material or ideal trace evidence.

scholarly journals EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH AS THE BASIS FOR DEVELOPING A METHOD FOR IDENTIFYING TRACE FORMATION MECHANISM

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
O. Grosheva
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Research ◽  
Plant Origin ◽  
Mechanism Of Formation ◽  
Trace Evidence ◽  
Physical Evidence ◽  
Laboratory Bench ◽  
Evidence Analysis ◽  
Series Of Experiments ◽  
Expert Commission ◽  
Trace Formation

The article examines feasibility of conducting a series of experiments, results of which will serve as the basis for developing a method for establishing the mechanism of formation of plant origin stains on articles of clothing. Based on the analysis of special literature, the author introduces arguments for the need to develop such a methodology. In the course of experimental research, with the help of extras, circumstances of clothing contact with vegetation cover at various sites which can occur while crime commission have been simulated. The obtained data which will become the basis for creating a methodology for establishing a mechanism of grass layers’ formation on articles of clothing is obtained. A flowchart of dependence of the mechanism of stains formation on properties, states of interacting objects and nature of contact has been developed. During investigation of the mechanism of stains formation similar to grass stains, a multidisciplinary forensic trace evidence and botany forensic analyses should be initiated. After receiving research objects and materials review, the Expert Commission conducts external examination of provided physical evidence. For this purpose, clothes are laid out one by one on a laboratory bench, each item is described separately and photographed according to the rules of forensic photography. The next stage is the study by a forensic botanist of identified layers of plant origin in order to establish their nature. Then a trace evidence examiner conducts forensic trace evidence analysis of identified layers of grass stains. Based on the analysis of the complex of identified features and properties shown in the flowchart, the Expert Commission formulates the synthesizing part of the conclusion according to which the conclusion as to the mechanism of trace formation is drawn.

scholarly journals Synthesis of Best Practices in Forensic Trace Evidence Analysis: Towards a Uniform Approach to Complexity Evaluation

2016 ◽  
pp. 54-61
Author(s):  
T. M. Volkova
Keyword(s):  
Best Practices ◽  
Forensic Science ◽  
Trace Evidence ◽  
Complexity Measures ◽  
Forensic Casework ◽  
Uniform Approach ◽  
Forensic Practice ◽  
Evidence Analysis ◽  
Regional Centers

The paper addresses the problem of improving the practice of forensic trace evidence examinations with the help of criteria that affect the evaluation of their complexity. It offers a synthesis of data submitted by seven regional centers and four laboratories of the system of forensic science organizations of the Russian Ministry of Justice. It demonstrates that relevant parameters are not always taken into account when assessing the category of analysis complexity, which leads to underestimation of complexity measures in some cases. Recommendations are offered for the optimization of forensic practice to incorporate characteristics reflecting realistic conditions of actual forensic casework.

scholarly journals Research Front Essay: Forensic Chemistry

2010 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Robertson
Keyword(s):  
Forensic Science ◽  
Illicit Drugs ◽  
Research Front ◽  
Forensic Chemistry ◽  
Trace Evidence ◽  
Fingerprint Detection

The author discusses the benefits for forensic science from greater engagement with basic and other applied areas of chemistry and gives examples of how his organization, the Australian Federal Police, have partnered with academia and others to promote the use of chemistry in areas of trace evidence, illicit drugs, fingerprint detection, and explosives.

scholarly journals Microbial Community Dissimilarity for Source Tracking with Application in Forensic Studies

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyle M. Carter ◽  
Meng Lu ◽  
Hongmei Jiang ◽  
Lingling An
Keyword(s):  
Massively Parallel Sequencing ◽  
Microbial Source Tracking ◽  
Massively Parallel ◽  
Source Tracking ◽  
Simulation Studies ◽  
Trace Evidence ◽  
Parallel Sequencing ◽  
Evidence Analysis ◽  
Community Dissimilarity ◽  
Microbial Sources

AbstractMicrobial source-tracking is a useful tool for trace evidence analysis in Forensics. Community-wide massively parallel sequencing profiles can bypass the need for satellite microbes or marker sets which are unreliable when handling unstable samples. We propose a method utilizing Aitchison distance to select important suspects/sources and then propose several methods to estimate the proportions of microbial communities/samples coming from important suspects/sources. A series of comprehensive simulation studies show that these methods are capable of accurate selection and improve the performance of current methods Bayesian SourceTracker and FEAST in the presence of noise microbial sources.

scholarly journals The end of the (forensic science) world as we know it? The example of trace evidence

2015 ◽  
Vol 370 (1674) ◽  
pp. 20140260 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claude Roux ◽  
Benjamin Talbot-Wright ◽  
James Robertson ◽  
Frank Crispino ◽  
Olivier Ribaux
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Criminal Justice ◽  
Forensic Science ◽  
Justice System ◽  
Business Models ◽  
The United States ◽  
First Century ◽  
Trace Evidence ◽  
The Us ◽  
Future Challenges

The dominant conception of forensic science as a patchwork of disciplines primarily assisting the criminal justice system (i.e. forensics) is in crisis or at least shows a series of anomalies and serious limitations. In recent years, symptoms of the crisis have been discussed in a number of reports by various commentators, without a doubt epitomized by the 2009 report by the US National Academies of Sciences (NAS 2009 Strengthening forensic science in the United States: a path forward). Although needed, but viewed as the solution to these drawbacks, the almost generalized adoption of stricter business models in forensic science casework compounded with ever-increasing normative and compliance processes not only place additional pressures on a discipline that already appears in difficulty, but also induce more fragmentation of the different forensic science tasks, a tenet many times denounced by the same NAS report and other similar reviews. One may ask whether these issues are not simply the result of an unfit paradigm. If this is the case, the current problems faced by forensic science may indicate future significant changes for the discipline. To facilitate broader discussion this presentation focuses on trace evidence, an area that is seminal to forensic science both for epistemological and historical reasons. There is, however, little doubt that this area is currently under siege worldwide. Current and future challenges faced by trace evidence are discussed along with some possible answers. The current situation ultimately presents some significant opportunities to re-invent not only trace evidence but also forensic science. Ultimately, a distinctive, more robust and more reliable science may emerge through rethinking the forensics paradigm built on specialisms, revisiting fundamental forensic science principles and adapting them to the twenty-first century.

In-Injection Port Thermal Desorption for Explosives Trace Evidence Analysis

1999 ◽  
Vol 71 (19) ◽  
pp. 4119-4124 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael E. Sigman ◽  
Cheng-Yu Ma
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Desorption ◽  
Trace Evidence ◽  
Injection Port ◽  
Evidence Analysis
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