scholarly journals Social Risk Factor

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Social Risk ◽  
Social Risk Factor

Abstract P552: The Role of Traditional Risk Factors in Mediating the Influence of Cumulative Social Risk Exposure on Cardiovascular Death

Circulation ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 141 (Suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Zhang ◽  
Muhammad Imtiaz Ahmad ◽  
Elsayed Z SOLIMAN
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Risk Score ◽  
Risk Exposure ◽  
Social Risk ◽  
Cvd Risk Factors ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Obesity And Diabetes ◽  
Social Risk Factor

Introduction: Cumulative social risk exposure, defined as experiencing more than one social risk factor and captured through an index of cumulative social risk, is associated with a significant increase in cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality. However, the role of CVD risk factors in explaining this association is unclear. Methods: This analysis included 15,906 participants (45.6±19.5 years, 53.4% women, 57.7% minority race) from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES-III) who were CVD-free at enrollment. Baseline social risk factors (minority race, poverty-income ratio<1, education<12 grade, and living single) were used to create a cumulative social risk score (0 to ≥3). The mediation by each CVD risk factor was assessed by estimating the magnitude of attenuation in the hazard ratio for the association between social risk score and CVD death adjusted by demographics and risk factors. Results: During a median follow up of 14 years, 1,309 CVD deaths occurred. Participants with more than one social risk factor were at increased risk of CVD death (Table) . The risk of CVD death in demographic adjusted models was attenuated by 31%, 21% and 36% in people with social risk score 1, 2, and ≥3 versus 0, respectively, after further adjustment for traditional CVD risk factors. Among all CVD risk factors included in the analysis, current smoking was the most powerful mediating effect, accounting for approximately one half of the combined risk factor effect, followed by obesity and diabetes ( Table ). Conclusions: Traditional CVD risk factors explain about one third of the association between cumulative social risk exposure and CVD death. While these findings underscore the importance of management of traditional CVD risk factors, particularly smoking, in socially disadvantaged population, they call for further studies to identify other pathways that explain the link between social risk exposure and CVD.

scholarly journals Socioeconomic Distressed Communities Index Associated with Higher Burden of Amputation in Diabetic Peripheral Arterial Disease

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 2473011420S0027
Author(s):  
Katherine J. Jensen
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Peripheral Arterial Disease ◽  
Lower Extremity ◽  
Arterial Disease ◽  
Social Risk ◽  
Social Risk Factor ◽  
Icd 10 ◽  
Peripheral Arterial ◽  
Zip Code ◽  
Extremity Amputation

Category: Diabetes; Other Introduction/Purpose: The prevalence of diabetes and one of its complications, peripheral arterial disease (PAD), is increasing. Diabetic PAD is known to lead to high rates of lower extremity amputations. Diabetes disproportionately affects people of low socioeconomic status. The Distressed Community Index (DCI) is a proxy social risk factor, calculated at the zip code level as a function of seven metrics of community economic well-being: no high school diploma, housing vacancy rate, unemployment rate, poverty rate, median income ratio, change in employment, and change in establishments. Higher DCI has been linked to longer operative times, longer hospital length of stay, and increased incidence of postoperative complications. This analysis sought to analyze the impact of a socioeconomic risk factor, DCI, on amputation rate in patients with diabetic PAD. Methods: Data from a regional hospital abstract reporting system was obtained from the State Department of Health. It was sorted to include patient records with a diagnosis of peripheral arterial disease (ICD-10-CM diagnostic codes). Data was further stratified by diagnosis of diabetic PAD and DCI score. DCI scores were obtained from the Economic Innovation Group. Procedure codes were used to identify amputations starting with ‘detachment at [R/L] foot, complete, open approach’ and including all progressively distal amputations (ICD-10-PCS codes). Statistical analysis was performed using XLSTAT, significance was assigned at alpha of 0.05. Results: From 2016 to 2018, there were 33664 patients requiring inpatient treatment with a diagnosis of PAD. 13261 patients (39.4%) had diabetic PAD, 3078 patients (9.1%) originated from a zip code with a DCI score greater than or equal to 75 (top quartile) and 1394 patients (4.1%) had diabetic PAD and DCI greater than 75. While patients with diabetic PAD and a DCI less than 75 had approximately the same rate of amputations as all patients with diabetic PAD (15.3% and 15.7%, respectively), patients with diabetic PAD and a DCI greater than 75 were 1.30 times more likely (p=0.0003) to require amputation than all patients with diabetic PAD (19.1% and 15.7% overall amputation rates, respectively). The relationship with DCI was not significant in non- diabetic PAD patients. Conclusion: Approximately one in five patients presenting for inpatient treatment with a diagnosis of diabetic PAD originating from a zip code with a DCI score greater than or equal to 75 required a lower extremity amputation. Though diabetes by itself was a stronger risk factor for amputation (OR 8.24, p<0.0001) than DCI in the comprehensive PAD patient population, a patient with a high DCI score in the diabetic PAD population was significantly more likely to require amputation. DCI is a proxy social risk factor providers can use to preemptively identify patients at increased risk of lower extremity amputation secondary to PAD. [Table: see text]

scholarly journals Modeling Exposure to Multiple Childhood Social Risk Factors and Physical Capability and Common Affective Symptoms in Later Life

2016 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 386-407 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rishi Caleyachetty ◽  
Rebecca Hardy ◽  
Rachel Cooper ◽  
Marcus Richards ◽  
Laura D. Howe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Cumulative Risk ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Social Risk ◽  
Social Risk Factors ◽  
Physical Capability ◽  
Affective Symptoms ◽  
Risk Approach

Objective: This study presents three approaches, that is, cumulative risk, factor analysis, and latent class analysis, to summarize exposure to multiple childhood social risk factors and to compare their utility when examining associations with physical capability and common affective symptoms in adults aged 60 to 64 years. Methods: Data came from the U.K. Medical Research Council (MRC) National Survey of Health and Development, with prospective childhood social risk factor data collected in 1950 to 1957 and retrospectively in 1989. Physical capability and common affective symptom data were collected in 2006 to 2011. Results: The cumulative risk approach and factor analysis provided evidence that children who were exposed to multiple social risk factors had lower levels of physical capability and more symptoms of common affective symptoms in later life. Discussion: The cumulative social risk approach and the use of factor analysis to identify contexts of social risk, may offer viable methods for linking multiple childhood social risk exposure to aging outcomes.

scholarly journals Twenty years and counting: epidemiology of an outbreak of isoniazid-resistant tuberculosis in England and Wales, 1995 to 2014

2017 ◽  
Vol 22 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine M Smith ◽  
Suzan C M Trienekens ◽  
Charlotte Anderson ◽  
Maeve K Lalor ◽  
Tim Brown ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Function Analysis ◽  
Surveillance Systems ◽  
Social Risk ◽  
Social Risk Factors ◽  
Resistant Tuberculosis ◽  
Risk Factor Data ◽  
Social Risk Factor ◽  
Factor Data ◽  
Over Time

An outbreak of isoniazid-resistant tuberculosis first identified in London has now been ongoing for 20 years, making it the largest drug-resistant outbreak of tuberculosis documented to date worldwide. We identified culture-confirmed cases with indistinguishable molecular strain types and extracted demographic, clinical, microbiological and social risk factor data from surveillance systems. We summarised changes over time and used kernel-density estimation and k-function analysis to assess geographic clustering. From 1995 to 2014, 508 cases were reported, with a declining trend in recent years. Overall, 70% were male (n = 360), 60% born in the United Kingdom (n = 306), 39% white (n = 199), and 26% black Caribbean (n = 134). Median age increased from 25 years in the first 5 years to 42 in the last 5. Approximately two thirds of cases reported social risk factors: 45% drug use (n = 227), 37% prison link (n = 189), 25% homelessness (n = 125) and 13% alcohol dependence (n = 64). Treatment was completed at 12 months by 52% of cases (n = 206), and was significantly lower for those with social risk factors (p < 0.05), but increased over time for all patients (p < 0.05). The outbreak remained focused in north London throughout. Control of this outbreak requires continued efforts to prevent and treat further active cases through targeted screening and enhanced case management.

scholarly journals The Gender-Sensitive Social Risk Factors for Internet Addiction in College Undergraduate Students

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (7) ◽  
pp. 636-644
Author(s):  
Xia Lin ◽  
Jing-yan Gu ◽  
Wan-jun Guo ◽  
Ya-jing Meng ◽  
Hui-yao Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Internet Addiction ◽  
Romantic Relationship ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Social Risk ◽  
Social Risk Factors ◽  
Online Activity ◽  
Shared Risk

Objective The current study aims to explore precipitating and social risk factors for internet addiction (IA) in university undergraduate students, and to provide evidence for interventions and the early prevention of IA in different genders.Methods Four thousand eight hundred and fifty-eight college sophomores completed an online survey on their internet use-related behaviours and social risk factors.Results We found that more male (8.3%) than female students (5.4%) had moderate and severe IA. The main online activity in the moderate and severe IA groups was online gaming in males and online streaming in females. Roommates engaging in similar internetbased entertainment was a risk factor of IA only for males, while not being in a romantic relationship was a risk factor of IA for females only. Infatuation with the internet before college and adjustment problems for college life were shared risk factors for both genders in the mild and moderate IA groups.Conclusion IA was a common phenomenon in college students with shared and unique precipitating and social risk factors in males and females. The gender-sensitive risk factors for IA warranted earlier and individualized intervention and prevention strategies for IA in this population.

scholarly journals Diversas manifestaciones de riesgo social y moral del menor en el ámbito de técnicas de información y comunicación (TIC) // Diverse evidence of social and moral risk in minors in an information and communication environment

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (100) ◽  
pp. 1271
Author(s):  
María Victoria García-Atance García de Mora
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Social Evolution ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Social Risk ◽  
Best Interest ◽  
Communication Techniques ◽  
Moral Risk ◽  
Information And Communication ◽  
The Eu

Resumen:El progreso de la tecnología en los medios de la información y comunicación comporta una evolución social que se proyecta particularmente, en las últimas generaciones, nacidas en la era digital, lo que implica un salto cualitativo en la esfera de la globalización social, permitiendo una fácil accesibilidad de las  personas, y de los jóvenes en particular a distintos ámbitos sociales, hasta hace poco tiempo, impensables, a la vez que un elevado conocimiento de datos de privacidad de las personas que navegan por las redes, no siempre son tratados con la prudencia debida. Esta circunstancia, unida a la espiral de degradación del respeto a valores y principios, provocan con frecuencia episodios de uso perverso de las TIC, especialmente, aplicándolas en determinados ámbitos en los que la juventud e infancia son principales protagonistas y más vulnerables, con la intención de hacer daño, intimidar, amenazar, victimizar a los menores en el tiempo, puede conducir a resultados, a veces trágicos. La vulnerabilidad de los menores frente al desafío de las nuevas tecnologías, no siempre controladas a través de un adecuado uso por parte de los menores, hace urgente una más exhaustiva y precisa regulación en la UE, y mayor armonización de criterios en el ámbito de las regulaciones internas de cada Estado.Summary:INTRODUCTION. I. PRINCIPLES OF PREVALENCE OF THE BEST INTEREST OF THE MINOR IN SOCIAL NETWORKS. II. A REFLECTION ON THE INADEQUACYOF THE LEGALMECHANISMS AROUND THE PROTECTION OF MINORS IN THE FIELD OF SOCIAL NETWORKS. III. PREVENTIVE MEASURES AGAINST THE RISK OF MINORS IN ICT AND INTERNET. 1. Obtaining consent. 2. Verification of the minor's age. 2.1. Limitation of minimum age of participation in social networks. 3. Information trail of Minors in social networks. 4. Brief reflection on the protection of minors' data in the network. 4.1. Applicable legislation. 4.1.a) Scope of the organization that uses the data. 4.1.b) Location of the subjects whose data have been used. 4.1.c) Location of the actual processing of the data. 5. Projection of risks on the rights of the minor's personality: Unitary regulation of the EU. 6. Influence of the network in educational centers: Its emotional impact on minors. IV. COEXISTENCE PLAN IN EDUCATIONAL CENTRES. V. CONCEPTUAL APPROXIMATION IN DIVERSE SCENARIOS WHERE MINORS ARE AT SOCIAL RISK. 1. Minors exposed to episodes of social and physical harassment. 2. Minors’ vulnerability to cyberbullying. Emotional risk factor. 2.1. Concept. 2.2. Contents. 2.3. Cyberbullies’ motivations. 3. Minor’s marginalization as a consequence of Bullying. Physical risk factor. 3.1. Concept of Bullying. 3.2. Contents of Bullying. 3.3. Bullying goals. 4. Cyberbullying as a specific type of harassment. 4.1. Concept of Cyberbullying. 4.2. Contents of Ciberbullying. 4.3. Evidence of Cyberbullying. 5. Evidence of social and moral risk of minors. Grooming as evidence of harassment. 5.1. Aim of Grooming. 5.2. Psychological impact of Grooming in minor. 6. Sexting as a technological risk factor. 7. Morphing (Warping). VI. CROSS-SECTIONAL PROGRAM FOR SITUATIONS OF SOCIAL AND MORAL RISK OF MINOR. 1. Prevention methods for risk factor. 2. Means for prevention. 3. Intervention. VII. MINOR’S PERSONALITY RIGHTS AND TECHNIQUES OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION AS TRANSGRESOR ELEMENTS OF MINOR’S DIGNITY. 1. Framework for minor’s dignity and integrity. 2. Information and Communication techniques and the dignity and integrity of minor. 3. Information and Communication techniques and integrity in minor’s youth and adolescence. 2.1. Social networks and honor rights. 2.2. Social networks and the right for intimacy. 2.3. Social networks and image rights. VIII. DOUBLE VICTIMIZATION OF MINOR. CONCLUSIONSAbstract:The progress of technology in the media of information and communication entails a social evolution that is particularly projected, in the last generations, born in the digital era, which implies a qualitative leap in the sphere of social globalization, allowing easy accessibility of people, and of young people in particular to different social areas, until recently, unthinkable, while a high knowledge of privacy data of people browsing the networks, are not always treated with the prudence due. This circumstance, together with the spiral of degradation of respect for values and principles, frequently provokes episodes of perverse use of ICT, especially applying them in certain areas in which youth and childhood are the main protagonists and more vulnerable, with the intention to harm, intimidate, threaten, victimize children over time, can lead to results, sometimes tragic. The vulnerability of children to the challenge of new technologies, not always controlled through proper use by the minors, makes urgent a more exhaustive and precise regulation in the EU, and greater harmonization of criteria in the scope of the internal regulations of each State.

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