A Covid-19 death trail connecting the Mediterranean with the North Sea, Italy with England, through the Alps

Abstract. Since Late Pliocene / Early Pleistocene, the River Rhine, as one of the largest European rivers, has acted as the only drainage system that connected the Alps with Northern Europe, especially the North Sea. Along its course from the Alps to the English Channel the river passes several geomorphological and geological units, of which the Upper Rhine Graben acts as the major sediment trap. Whereas the potential of sediment preservation of the alpine foreland basins is low due to the high dynamics of the system, and the area of deposition close to the North Sea was significantly affected several times by Pleistocene sea level changes, the ongoing subsidence of the Upper Rhine Graben offers a unique potential for a continuous sediment accumulation and preservation.

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General Pattern of Seismotectonic Dislocation and the Earthquake - Generating Stress Field in Central Europe Between the Alps and the North Sea

Plateau Uplift ◽

10.1007/978-3-642-69219-2_26 ◽

1983 ◽

pp. 187-197 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

L. Ahorner ◽

B. Baier ◽

K-P. Bonjer

Keyword(s):

Stress Field ◽

Central Europe ◽

North Sea ◽

General Pattern ◽

The North ◽

The North Sea ◽

The Alps

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On the Nature of the Coralline Crag

Geological Magazine ◽

10.1017/s0016756800061239 ◽

1960 ◽

Vol 97 (2) ◽

pp. 123-132 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

D. F. W. Baden-Powell

Keyword(s):

North Sea ◽

The North ◽

The North Sea ◽

The Mediterranean ◽

Sea Area ◽

North And South

AbstractA new fossiliferous section in the Coralline Crag of Suffolk is described, and its fauna is analysed as a clue to the conditions under which these beds were formed; in particular, the theory that the temperature of the Crag sea was affected by the alternate breaching and closing of land-bridges to the north and south of the North Sea area is considered unnecessary to account for the facts as seen in the field. Further, the Coralline Crag is correlated with the Astian formation of the Mediterranean, and reasons are brought forward to show that the supposed “Boytonian” Zone of the Coralline Crag does in fact not exist.

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The relevance of the North-Sea Caspian Pattern (NCP) in explaining temperature variability in Europe and the Mediterranean

Natural Hazards and Earth System Science ◽

10.5194/nhess-11-2881-2011 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 11 (10) ◽

pp. 2881-2888 ◽

Cited By ~ 22

Author(s):

M. Brunetti ◽

H. Kutiel

Keyword(s):

North Sea ◽

Eastern Mediterranean ◽

Temperature Variability ◽

Monthly Basis ◽

European Continent ◽

The North ◽

Precipitation Regimes ◽

The North Sea ◽

The Mediterranean ◽

The Impact

Abstract. The impact of the upper level (500 hPa) teleconnection between the North-Sea and the Caspian (NCP) on the temperature and precipitation regimes in the Eastern Mediterranean (EM) have been studied and reported and an index (NCPI) that measures the normalized geopotential heights' differences between the two poles of this teleconnection has been defined. In the present study, the impact of the NCP on the temperature regime over the entire European continent is presented. In particular, the correlation between temperature and the NCPI has been evaluated, on a monthly basis, over the entire Euro-Mediterranean domain for the 1948–2007 period. The results highlight a significant positive correlation in the north-western area of the domain and a significant negative correlation in the south-eastern one. These two poles were also highlighted by comparing the temperature anomalies associated with both phases of NCP. The importance of this sort of NCP-induced temperature bi-pole in the context of temperature variability over Europe and the Mediterranean has been evaluated by applying a Principal Component Analysis to the temperature dataset. The results showed that the temperature bi-pole is associated with the second most important mode of temperature variability over the domain, but if the analysis is restricted to the months associated to NCP (+) and NCP (−), it becomes the first mode with 29.2 % of associated variance.

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