scholarly journals The prospect of using a necrotic protective barrier in the creation of potato varieties resistant to the Colorado potato beetle

2020 ◽  
Vol 203 (12) ◽  
pp. 15-21
Author(s):  
Il'dar Mardanshin ◽  
Anvar Shakirzyanov

Abstract. The purpose of the research was to investigate the effectiveness of the necrotic protective barrier in creating resistance to the Colorado beetle in potatoes. Methods. The research was carried out in a field experiment according to the accepted methodology for 3 years. The research involved 30 different potato varieties grown in conditions of the Cis-Ural forest-steppe of the Bashkortostan Republic. The analysis was focused on the correlation between the leaf blade hypersensitive response intensity on the Colorado potato beetle egg clutch on the one hand, and the level of plant resistance to the pest and loss of tuber yield from damage by parasite on the other side. Results. There was observed a strong association between the resistance of potato tops and the plant yield (the correlation coefficient is 0.763–0.804) when potatoes are grown without the control of the phytophage number. When growing potato varieties with insecticide application, the productivity of plants practically did not depend on their resistance level to phytophage. There has been found a strong positive correlation between the hypersensitive reaction of the leaf blades to Colorado beetle egg disposition and the resistance of different potato varieties to the pest (correlation coefficient 0.568–0.671). On the contrary, the relationship between the hypersensitive response of the leaf blades to the egg clutch and the decrease in yields was negative (correlation coefficient –0.646...–0.763). Based on the analysis of the obtained data, it is concluded that the stability of potatoes and the reduced loss of tuber yields from pest damage are closely related to the potato leaf response against the Colorado beetle clutch. The use of a necrotic protective barrier is a promising direction in breeding potato varieties resistant to the Colorado potato beetle. The scientific novelty lies in the study of the possible application of a new type of resistance and creating on this basis potato tolerance donors against the Colorado beetle.

Author(s):  
T.N. Oleinik ◽  
B.N. Podberezko ◽  
V.S. Koval

When covering the results of evaluation of potato varieties domestic breeding for resistance to Colorado potato beetle (Leptinotarsa decemlineata Say.). The effect of resistant potato varieties on the physiological state of the Colorado potato beetle, and the degree of damage to the leaf surface of plants at different periods of vegetation. Allocated relatively resistant to Colorado beetle of potato varieties: Vedruska, Vimir, Vodograi, Glazurna, Serpanok, Povin.


1871 ◽  
Vol 3 (9) ◽  
pp. 169-171 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. B. Reed

Sometime during the latter part of July last, while wandering about the outskirts of a large potato patch, and examining the damage caused by the Coloroado beetle. I found on the vines the larva of a beetle belonging tothe family of Coccinellidæ or Lady Birds. The insect was new to me and although there were no larvaæ of the Colorado beetle in the immediate vicinity, yet I was in hope that I had discovered a new enemy of our abominable pest. To test the question more at leisure, I took my newly-found treasure home, and placed it in a box, wherein were numerous specimens of Colorado larvæ in all stages, from the diabolical looking little monster just hatched from the egg, to the full-grown, fat, and repulsive larva dragging its bloated body slowly about in search of some convenient place to undergo the transformation into the pupal state.


HortScience ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 628e-628 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.D. Abbott ◽  
L. T. Thetford

Cyromazine is a triazine molecule with insect growth regulator properties being developed for control of Colorado potato beetle (Leptinotarsa decemlineata Say) (CPB) in vegetables. Research presented focuses primarily on results with potato (Solanum tuberosum L.), however, crop safety has been observed in other crops within the Solanaceae. Several trials were conducted in PA and NY during 1991 to examine the rates and timing necessary to control CPB in potatoes. Data from replicated small plot trials and non-replicated large block trials are included. Rates examined ranged 70 to 560 g ai na-1 applied alone or in combination with a pyrethroid or Bt. Comparisons were made with insecticides presently registered for CPB control in potatoes and cyromazine compared quite favorably. Two applications per CPB generation were made, the first at the beginning of CPB egg hatch and a second 7-16 days later for each generation. This application schedule provided excellent (90%) control of CPB larvae. The reduction in larvae also resulted in a reduction in adult CPB and potato leaf area damaged through insect feeding. In the test conducted in PA, an increase in size and number of tubers was observed when plants were treated with cyromazine. -These increases resulted in a 23-28% increase in total yield compared to that obtained from the untreated check plots.


2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerald M. Ghidiu ◽  
David S. Douches ◽  
Kimberly J. Felcher ◽  
Joseph J. Coombs

The Colorado potato beetle,Leptinotarsa decemlineata(Say) Order Coleoptera and the potato leafhopper,Empoasca fabae(Harris) Order Homoptera, are the major insect pests of potato in eastern North America. In two years of field trials, we compared the effectiveness of three pest management options for the control of Colorado potato beetle and potato leafhopper: natural host plant resistance (glandular trichomes), engineered resistance (Bacillus thuringiensis[Bt] Berlinercry3Agene) and a susceptible potato cultivar (Superior) with an at-planting application of the insecticide thiamethoxam. Similar and acceptable control of the Colorado potato beetle larvae was obtained with theBt-cry3Alines and the thiamethoxam treated “Superior” variety. The glandular trichome cultivar had significantly less Colorado potato beetle damage than did the untreated “Superior” in 2004, although damage was significantly greater than in theBt-cry3Alines and the insecticide-treated potatoes for both years, and was the only treatment that consistently had very little potato leafhopper damage. These data demonstrate that although each type of host plant resistance mechanism (Bt-cry3Aor glandular trichomes) was as effective as the chemical control against one of the insects, neither provides adequate resistance to both Colorado potato beetle and potato leaf hopper.


2020 ◽  
pp. 27-31
Author(s):  
В.В. Гриценко ◽  
К.Г. Гусейнов ◽  
А.Н. Постников ◽  
И.М. Митюшев

В итоге расселения и адаптации в новых регионах колорадский жук остается первостепенным вредителем картофеля. В РФ за последнее десятилетие наблюдается определенное снижение его распространения, вызванное развитием более эффективных приемов и средств защиты. Сильными сторонами колорадского жука, создающими проблемы в защите от него, являются высокие миграционные способности, репродуктивный потенциал, жизнестойкость, экологическая пластичность, многообразие и лабильность жизненного цикла, тесная сопряженность с картофелем, феноменальная способность к развитию резистентности к инсектицидам. На примере многолетних наблюдений в Азербайджане показан адаптивный ответ колорадского жука на климатические изменения последнего времени. Рассматриваются возможности и перспективы агротехнического, селекционного, биотехнологического, биологического и химического методов. Обзор ассортимента и развития методов и средств защиты картофеля от колорадского жука приводит к заключению, что столь адаптивному вредителю следует противопоставлять многообразную, гибкую и динамичную интегрированную защиту. В антирезистентных стратегиях обработок практикуют чередование инсектицидов разных групп и использование комплексных, 2- 3-компонентных препаратов. Одним из наиболее новых и интересных направлений является разработка так называемых РНК-инсектицидов. Их действующим началом служат синтезированные короткие последовательности РНК, способные блокировать экспрессию определенных генов вредителя, нарушая его жизнедеятельность. В испытаниях против колорадского жука их применяют как путем обработки растений, так и трансгенным переносом в геном хлоропластов картофеля. Расшифровка генома колорадского жука, произошедшая в 2018 году, не выявила каких-либо особых генетических систем, связанных с его резистентной способностью. При этом обнаружилась значительная роль коротких молекул РНК в регуляции действия генов, что позволяет рассчитывать на успех РНК-интерференции. Необходимо сохранять и развивать широкую базу методов, направлений и средств. Ведущую роль в системе продолжают играть истребительные меры, среди которых появляются все более специфичные и безопасные. В качестве стратегической цели развития можно рассматривать понижение вредоносного статуса колорадского жука до уровня ординарного вредителя. As a result of dispersal and adaptation in new regions, the Colorado potato beetle remains the primary pest of potatoes. In the Russian Federation, over the past decade, there has been a certain decrease in its distribution, caused by the development of more effective methods and means of protection. The strengths of the Colorado potato beetle, which create problems in protection against it, are high migratory abilities, reproductive potential, vitality, ecological plasticity, diversity and lability of the life cycle, close association with potatoes, phenomenal ability to develop resistance to insecticides. On the example of long-term observations in Azerbaijan, the adaptive response of the Colorado potato beetle to recent climatic changes is shown. The possibilities and prospects of agrotechnical, breeding, biotechnological, biological and chemical methods are considered. A review of the assortment and development of methods and means of protecting potatoes from the Colorado potato beetle leads to the conclusion that such an adaptive pest should be opposed with a diverse, flexible and dynamic integrated protection. In anti-resistant treatment strategies, alternating insecticides of different groups and the use of complex, 2-3-component preparations are practiced. One of the most new and interesting directions is the development of so called RNA insecticides. Their active principle is synthesized short RNA sequences that can block the expression of certain pest genes, disrupting its life activity. In tests against the Colorado beetle, they are used both by processing plants and by transgenic transfer to the genome of potato chloroplasts. Decoding the genome of the Colorado beetle, which occurred in 2018, did not reveal any special genetic systems associated with its resistance ability. At the same time, a significant role of short RNA molecules in regulating the action of genes was found, which allows us to count on the success of RNA interference. It is necessary to maintain and develop a broad base of methods, directions and means. Destructive measures continue to play the leading role in the system, among which more and more specific and safe ones appear. The reduction of the harmful status of the Colorado potato beetle to the level of an ordinary pest can be considered as a strategic development goal.


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