Problems and successes in potato protection from Colorado potato beetle

2020 ◽  
pp. 27-31
Author(s):  
В.В. Гриценко ◽  
К.Г. Гусейнов ◽  
А.Н. Постников ◽  
И.М. Митюшев

В итоге расселения и адаптации в новых регионах колорадский жук остается первостепенным вредителем картофеля. В РФ за последнее десятилетие наблюдается определенное снижение его распространения, вызванное развитием более эффективных приемов и средств защиты. Сильными сторонами колорадского жука, создающими проблемы в защите от него, являются высокие миграционные способности, репродуктивный потенциал, жизнестойкость, экологическая пластичность, многообразие и лабильность жизненного цикла, тесная сопряженность с картофелем, феноменальная способность к развитию резистентности к инсектицидам. На примере многолетних наблюдений в Азербайджане показан адаптивный ответ колорадского жука на климатические изменения последнего времени. Рассматриваются возможности и перспективы агротехнического, селекционного, биотехнологического, биологического и химического методов. Обзор ассортимента и развития методов и средств защиты картофеля от колорадского жука приводит к заключению, что столь адаптивному вредителю следует противопоставлять многообразную, гибкую и динамичную интегрированную защиту. В антирезистентных стратегиях обработок практикуют чередование инсектицидов разных групп и использование комплексных, 2- 3-компонентных препаратов. Одним из наиболее новых и интересных направлений является разработка так называемых РНК-инсектицидов. Их действующим началом служат синтезированные короткие последовательности РНК, способные блокировать экспрессию определенных генов вредителя, нарушая его жизнедеятельность. В испытаниях против колорадского жука их применяют как путем обработки растений, так и трансгенным переносом в геном хлоропластов картофеля. Расшифровка генома колорадского жука, произошедшая в 2018 году, не выявила каких-либо особых генетических систем, связанных с его резистентной способностью. При этом обнаружилась значительная роль коротких молекул РНК в регуляции действия генов, что позволяет рассчитывать на успех РНК-интерференции. Необходимо сохранять и развивать широкую базу методов, направлений и средств. Ведущую роль в системе продолжают играть истребительные меры, среди которых появляются все более специфичные и безопасные. В качестве стратегической цели развития можно рассматривать понижение вредоносного статуса колорадского жука до уровня ординарного вредителя. As a result of dispersal and adaptation in new regions, the Colorado potato beetle remains the primary pest of potatoes. In the Russian Federation, over the past decade, there has been a certain decrease in its distribution, caused by the development of more effective methods and means of protection. The strengths of the Colorado potato beetle, which create problems in protection against it, are high migratory abilities, reproductive potential, vitality, ecological plasticity, diversity and lability of the life cycle, close association with potatoes, phenomenal ability to develop resistance to insecticides. On the example of long-term observations in Azerbaijan, the adaptive response of the Colorado potato beetle to recent climatic changes is shown. The possibilities and prospects of agrotechnical, breeding, biotechnological, biological and chemical methods are considered. A review of the assortment and development of methods and means of protecting potatoes from the Colorado potato beetle leads to the conclusion that such an adaptive pest should be opposed with a diverse, flexible and dynamic integrated protection. In anti-resistant treatment strategies, alternating insecticides of different groups and the use of complex, 2-3-component preparations are practiced. One of the most new and interesting directions is the development of so called RNA insecticides. Their active principle is synthesized short RNA sequences that can block the expression of certain pest genes, disrupting its life activity. In tests against the Colorado beetle, they are used both by processing plants and by transgenic transfer to the genome of potato chloroplasts. Decoding the genome of the Colorado beetle, which occurred in 2018, did not reveal any special genetic systems associated with its resistance ability. At the same time, a significant role of short RNA molecules in regulating the action of genes was found, which allows us to count on the success of RNA interference. It is necessary to maintain and develop a broad base of methods, directions and means. Destructive measures continue to play the leading role in the system, among which more and more specific and safe ones appear. The reduction of the harmful status of the Colorado potato beetle to the level of an ordinary pest can be considered as a strategic development goal.

1871 ◽  
Vol 3 (9) ◽  
pp. 169-171 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. B. Reed

Sometime during the latter part of July last, while wandering about the outskirts of a large potato patch, and examining the damage caused by the Coloroado beetle. I found on the vines the larva of a beetle belonging tothe family of Coccinellidæ or Lady Birds. The insect was new to me and although there were no larvaæ of the Colorado beetle in the immediate vicinity, yet I was in hope that I had discovered a new enemy of our abominable pest. To test the question more at leisure, I took my newly-found treasure home, and placed it in a box, wherein were numerous specimens of Colorado larvæ in all stages, from the diabolical looking little monster just hatched from the egg, to the full-grown, fat, and repulsive larva dragging its bloated body slowly about in search of some convenient place to undergo the transformation into the pupal state.


Author(s):  
T.N. Oleinik ◽  
B.N. Podberezko ◽  
V.S. Koval

When covering the results of evaluation of potato varieties domestic breeding for resistance to Colorado potato beetle (Leptinotarsa decemlineata Say.). The effect of resistant potato varieties on the physiological state of the Colorado potato beetle, and the degree of damage to the leaf surface of plants at different periods of vegetation. Allocated relatively resistant to Colorado beetle of potato varieties: Vedruska, Vimir, Vodograi, Glazurna, Serpanok, Povin.


2020 ◽  
Vol 203 (12) ◽  
pp. 15-21
Author(s):  
Il'dar Mardanshin ◽  
Anvar Shakirzyanov

Abstract. The purpose of the research was to investigate the effectiveness of the necrotic protective barrier in creating resistance to the Colorado beetle in potatoes. Methods. The research was carried out in a field experiment according to the accepted methodology for 3 years. The research involved 30 different potato varieties grown in conditions of the Cis-Ural forest-steppe of the Bashkortostan Republic. The analysis was focused on the correlation between the leaf blade hypersensitive response intensity on the Colorado potato beetle egg clutch on the one hand, and the level of plant resistance to the pest and loss of tuber yield from damage by parasite on the other side. Results. There was observed a strong association between the resistance of potato tops and the plant yield (the correlation coefficient is 0.763–0.804) when potatoes are grown without the control of the phytophage number. When growing potato varieties with insecticide application, the productivity of plants practically did not depend on their resistance level to phytophage. There has been found a strong positive correlation between the hypersensitive reaction of the leaf blades to Colorado beetle egg disposition and the resistance of different potato varieties to the pest (correlation coefficient 0.568–0.671). On the contrary, the relationship between the hypersensitive response of the leaf blades to the egg clutch and the decrease in yields was negative (correlation coefficient –0.646...–0.763). Based on the analysis of the obtained data, it is concluded that the stability of potatoes and the reduced loss of tuber yields from pest damage are closely related to the potato leaf response against the Colorado beetle clutch. The use of a necrotic protective barrier is a promising direction in breeding potato varieties resistant to the Colorado potato beetle. The scientific novelty lies in the study of the possible application of a new type of resistance and creating on this basis potato tolerance donors against the Colorado beetle.


Genetics ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 158 (2) ◽  
pp. 695-700 ◽  
Author(s):  
David J Hawthorne

Abstract A genetic linkage map was constructed from an intraspecific cross of the Colorado potato beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata. This is an initial step toward mapping the loci that underlie important phenotypes associated with insect adaptation to an agroecosystem. The map was made with 172 AFLP and 10 anonymous codominant markers segregating among 74 backcross (BC1) individuals. Markers were mapped to 18 linkage groups and a subset of the markers with a mean intermarker distance of 11.1 cM is presented. A pyrethroid-resistance candidate gene, LdVssc1, was placed onto the map as well. The sex chromosome was identified by exploiting the XO nature of sex determination in this species using patterns of variation at LdVssc1 and the codominant markers.


Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 1464
Author(s):  
Maja Čačija ◽  
Renata Bažok ◽  
Majda Kolenc ◽  
Tena Bujas ◽  
Zrinka Drmić ◽  
...  

Colorado potato beetle (CPB) is an economic pest of potato that has developed resistance to all classes of chemical insecticides, thus requiring alternative control measures. As a potential solution, entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) have proven effective in suppressing this pest, but their efficacy against overwintering generations of CPB in Croatia has not been sufficiently researched. The aim of this two-year (2018–2019) field study was to determine the efficacy of Steinernema feltiae and Steinernema carpocapsae applied to overwintering CPB adults. EPNs were applied at three doses (7.5 mil./10 m2, 5.0 mil./10 m2 (the recommended dose) and 2.5 mil./10 m2) by watering the soil where the adults were overwintering. The first-year results were satisfactory for both EPNs: the efficacy of S. feltiae ranged from 79.03% to 100.00%, while the efficacy of S. carpocapsae ranged from 77.32% to 96.22%. In the second year, the highest efficacy (69.57%) was obtained using the recommended dose of S. feltiae. Although the results are not consistent across the two years of our study and suggest further research, they indicate that EPNs have great potential in controlling overwintering CPB generations to reduce first generation abundance and damage, and also to prevent the spread of new generations to surrounding potato growing areas.


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