An investigation of automatic affective processing : behavioral correlates in schizophrenia and neural correlates in healthy adults

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth A. Martin
Keyword(s):  
Neural Correlates ◽  
Healthy Adults ◽  
Affective Processing ◽  
Behavioral Correlates

scholarly journals Neural correlates of integrated self and social processing

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (9) ◽  
pp. 941-949
Author(s):  
Laura Finlayson-Short ◽  
Christopher G Davey ◽  
Ben J Harrison
Keyword(s):  
Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Medial Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Processing Condition ◽  
Emotional Valence ◽  
Neural Correlates ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Affective Processing ◽  
Social Processing ◽  
Referential Processing ◽  
Core Self

Abstract Self-referential and social processing are often engaged concurrently in naturalistic judgements and elicit activity in overlapping brain regions. We have termed this integrated processing ‘self-other referential processing’ and developed a task to measure its neural correlates. Ninety-eight healthy young people aged 16–25 (M = 21.5 years old, 67% female) completed our novel functional magnetic resonance imaging task. The task had two conditions, an active self-other referential processing condition in which participants rated how much they related to emotional faces and a control condition. Rating relatedness required thinking about oneself (self-referential processing) and drawing a comparison to an imagined other (social processing). Self-other referential processing elicited activity in the default mode network and social cognition system; most notably in the ‘core self’ regions of the medial prefrontal cortex and posterior cingulate cortex. Relatedness and emotional valence directly modulated activity in these core self areas, while emotional valence additionally modulated medial prefrontal cortex activity. This shows the key role of the medial prefrontal cortex in constructing the ‘social-affective self’. This may help to unify disparate models of medial prefrontal cortex function, demonstrating its role in coordinating multiple processes—self-referential, social and affective processing—to allow the self to exist in a complex social world.

scholarly journals Cognitive emotion regulation and personality: an analysis of individual differences in the neural and behavioral correlates of successful reappraisal

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christoph Scheffel ◽  
Kersten Diers ◽  
Sabine Schönfeld ◽  
Burkhard Brocke ◽  
Alexander Strobel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Individual Differences ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Neural Correlates ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Cognitive Emotion Regulation ◽  
Behavioral Correlates ◽  
Relaxation Period ◽  
Emotion Regulation Strategy ◽  
Healthy Participants

Abstract A common and mostly effective emotion regulation strategy is reappraisal. During reappraisal, activity in cognitive control brain regions increases and activity in brain regions associated with emotion responding (e.g., the amygdala) diminishes. Immediately after reappraisal, it has been observed that activity in the amygdala increases again, which might reflect a paradoxical aftereffect. While there is extensive empirical evidence for these neural correlates of emotion regulation, only few studies targeted the association with individual differences in personality traits. The aim of this study is to investigate these associations more thoroughly. Seventy-six healthy participants completed measures of broad personality traits (Big Five, Positive and Negative Affect) as well as of more narrow traits (habitual use of emotion regulation) and performed an experimental fMRI reappraisal task. Participants were instructed to either permit their emotions or to detach themselves from the presented negative and neutral pictures. After each picture, a relaxation period was included. Reappraisal success was determined by arousal ratings and activity in the amygdala. During reappraisal, we found activation in the prefrontal cortex and deactivation in the left amygdala. During the relaxation period, an immediate aftereffect was found in occipital regions and marginally in the amygdala. Neither personality traits nor habitual use of emotion regulation predicted reappraisal success or the magnitude of the aftereffect. We replicated typical activation and deactivation patterns during intentional emotion regulation and partially replicated the immediate aftereffect in the amygdala. However, there was no association between personality traits and emotion regulation success.

scholarly journals Neural correlates of childhood trauma with executive function in young healthy adults

Oncotarget ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (45) ◽  
pp. 79843-79853 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shaojia Lu ◽  
Fen Pan ◽  
Weijia Gao ◽  
Zhaoguo Wei ◽  
Dandan Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Executive Function ◽  
Childhood Trauma ◽  
Neural Correlates ◽  
Healthy Adults

scholarly journals The Role of Cingulate Cortex in Vicarious Pain

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Esther H. Yesudas ◽  
Tatia M. C. Lee
Keyword(s):  
Affective State ◽  
Cingulate Cortex ◽  
Neural Correlates ◽  
Affective Processing ◽  
Pain Processing ◽  
Motor Processing ◽  
Neuronal Populations ◽  
Experienced Pain ◽  
Clinical Disorders

Vicarious pain is defined as the observation of individuals in pain. There is growing neuroimaging evidence suggesting that the cingulate cortex plays a significant role in self-experienced pain processing. Yet, very few studies have directly tested the distinct functions of the cingulate cortex for vicarious pain. In this review, one EEG and eighteen neuroimaging studies reporting cingulate cortex activity during pain observation were discussed. The data indicate that there is overlapping neural activity in the cingulate cortex during self- and vicarious pain. Such activity may contribute to shared neural pain representations that permit inference of the affective state of individuals in pain, facilitating empathy. However, the exact location of neuronal populations in which activity overlaps or differs for self- and observed pain processing requires further confirmation. This review also discusses evidence suggesting differential functions of the cingulate cortex in cognitive, affective, and motor processing during empathy induction. While affective processing in the cingulate cortex during pain observation has been explored relatively more often, its attention and motor roles remain underresearched. Shedding light on the neural correlates of vicarious pain and corresponding empathy in healthy populations can provide neurobiological markers and intervention targets for empathic deficits found in various clinical disorders.

Neural correlates of dietary self-control in healthy adults: A meta-analysis of functional brain imaging studies

2018 ◽  
Vol 192 ◽  
pp. 98-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jung Eun Han ◽  
Nadia Boachie ◽  
Isabel Garcia-Garcia ◽  
Andréanne Michaud ◽  
Alain Dagher
Keyword(s):  
Brain Imaging ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Neural Correlates ◽  
Functional Brain Imaging ◽  
Healthy Adults ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Imaging Studies ◽  
Functional Brain

scholarly journals Neural Correlates of Animacy Attribution Include Neocerebellum in Healthy Adults

2014 ◽  
Vol 25 (11) ◽  
pp. 4240-4247 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allison Jack ◽  
Kevin A. Pelphrey
Keyword(s):  
Neural Correlates ◽  
Healthy Adults

scholarly journals Probabilistically Weighted Multilayer Networks disclose the link between default mode network instability and psychosis-like experiences in healthy adults

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simone Di Plinio ◽  
Sjoerd JH Ebisch
Keyword(s):  
Default Mode Network ◽  
Standard Procedure ◽  
Healthy Adults ◽  
Behavioral Differences ◽  
Multilayer Networks ◽  
Behavioral Correlates ◽  
Brain Functioning ◽  
Default Mode ◽  
Temporal Domain ◽  
Novel Method

The brain is a complex, multilayer system in which the functional interactions among its subunits vary over time. The trajectories of this dynamic variation contribute to inter-individual behavioral differences and psychopathologic phenotypes. Despite many methodological advancements, the study of dynamic brain networks still relies on biased assumptions in the temporal domain. The current paper has two goals. First, we present a novel method to study multilayer networks by modelling intra-nodal connections in a probabilistic and biologically driven way. We introduce a temporal resolution of the multilayer network based on signal similarity within time series. This new method is tested on synthetic networks by varying the number of modules and the sources of noise in the simulation. Secondly, we implement these probabilistically weighted (PW) multilayer networks to study the association between network dynamics and subclinical, psychosis-relevant personality traits in healthy adults. We show that the PW method for multilayer networks outperform the standard procedure in modular detection and is less affected by increasing noise levels. Additionally, the PW method highlighted associations between the temporal instability of default mode network connections and psychosis-like experiences in healthy adults. PW multilayer networks allow an unbiased study of dynamic brain functioning and its behavioral correlates.

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