scholarly journals Mycorrhizae: Implications for Environmental Remediation and Resource Conservation

EDIS ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 2008 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jyotsna Sharma ◽  
Andrew V. Ogram ◽  
Abid Al-Agely
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Remediation ◽  
Soil Structure ◽  
Resource Conservation ◽  
Plant Roots ◽  
Fact Sheet ◽  
Symbiotic Relationships

ENH-1086, a 5-page fact sheet by J. Sharma, A.V. Ogram, and A. Al-Agely, describes the symbiotic relationships between plant roots and fungi and how the resulting rhizosphere activity can lead to transformation and removal of polluting compounds from the soil, reduce the need for fertilizer in commercial nurseries, and improve soil structure and health. Includes references. Published by the UF Department of Environmental Horticulture, November 2007.  

scholarly journals Preparation Of Soil Samples For Light And Transmission Electron Microsopy

2003 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 38-41
Author(s):  
Gordon Vrdoljak
Keyword(s):  
Soil Structure ◽  
Tropical Soils ◽  
Water Infiltration ◽  
Plant Roots ◽  
Journal Articles ◽  
Adequate Description ◽  
Soil Medium ◽  
Infiltration Rates ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Germination And Growth

Soil structure influences water supply to plant roots, aeration, water infiltration rates, suitability of soil medium for seed germination and growth, growth of plant roots, drainage, evaporation, mechanical strength, and workability (Dexter 1988). Adequate description of soil structure for cultivation, engineering, or remediation is typically done by light microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. Literature exists in numerous sources for preparation of soils for microscopy, but often preparation steps are left out due to the shortening of Methods Sections in journal articles to conserve print space. I present here, protocols I've used for preparation of tropical soils (Oxisols) for microscopy.

An Exploratory, Longitudinal Study of Factors Influencing Development of a Networked Company

2010 ◽  
pp. 1297-1310
Author(s):  
Deborah Hardy Bednar ◽  
Lynn Godkin
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Environmental Protection Agency ◽  
Environmental Remediation ◽  
The United States ◽  
Resource Conservation ◽  
Oil Field ◽  
Natural Resource Conservation ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Southeast Texas

In 1901 the Gulf Refining Company was chartered to provide refining and sales support to the Spindletop oil field in southeast Texas (Gulf Oil History, 2003). A refinery was built immediately after on a 4,000 acre site. The facility was acquired in 1985 by Chevron as a part of a merger with Gulf (‘Congratulations Premcor 100 Years,’ 2001). In February 1995, Chevron sold the Port Arthur plant with an important proviso. Chevron agreed to perform any environmental remediation required by the United States Environmental Protection agency (U.S.-EPA) or the Texas Natural Resource Conservation Commission (TNRCC) after sale was complete. Chevron assumed responsibility for contamination associated with the site since 1901. A total of US$500 million was placed in reserve. Chevron was ultimately required to “make good” on the agreement, and Chevron established a networked company fulfill the obligation. This longitudinal study of that networked company reports the factors found to have positive, negative, and neutral effects on the project.

scholarly journals Large-scale sequestration of atmospheric carbon via plant roots in natural and agricultural ecosystems: why and how

2012 ◽  
Vol 367 (1595) ◽  
pp. 1589-1597 ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglas B. Kell
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Structure ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
C Sequestration ◽  
Plant Roots ◽  
Individual Species ◽  
Agricultural Crops ◽  
Agricultural Ecosystems ◽  
Agronomic Practices ◽  
Below Ground

The soil holds twice as much carbon as does the atmosphere, and most soil carbon is derived from recent photosynthesis that takes carbon into root structures and further into below-ground storage via exudates therefrom. Nonetheless, many natural and most agricultural crops have roots that extend only to about 1 m below ground. What determines the lifetime of below-ground C in various forms is not well understood, and understanding these processes is therefore key to optimising them for enhanced C sequestration. Most soils (and especially subsoils) are very far from being saturated with organic carbon, and calculations show that the amounts of C that might further be sequestered ( http://dbkgroup.org/carbonsequestration/rootsystem.html ) are actually very great. Breeding crops with desirable below-ground C sequestration traits, and exploiting attendant agronomic practices optimised for individual species in their relevant environments, are therefore important goals. These bring additional benefits related to improvements in soil structure and in the usage of other nutrients and water.

A peek in the micro-sized world: a review of design principles, engineering tools, and applications of engineered microbial community

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 399-409
Author(s):  
Baizhen Gao ◽  
Rushant Sabnis ◽  
Tommaso Costantini ◽  
Robert Jinkerson ◽  
Qing Sun
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Community ◽  
Microbial Communities ◽  
Environmental Remediation ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Design Principles ◽  
Microbial Interactions ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
New Gene ◽  
Global Biogeochemical Cycles ◽  
Synthetic Microbial Communities

Microbial communities drive diverse processes that impact nearly everything on this planet, from global biogeochemical cycles to human health. Harnessing the power of these microorganisms could provide solutions to many of the challenges that face society. However, naturally occurring microbial communities are not optimized for anthropogenic use. An emerging area of research is focusing on engineering synthetic microbial communities to carry out predefined functions. Microbial community engineers are applying design principles like top-down and bottom-up approaches to create synthetic microbial communities having a myriad of real-life applications in health care, disease prevention, and environmental remediation. Multiple genetic engineering tools and delivery approaches can be used to ‘knock-in' new gene functions into microbial communities. A systematic study of the microbial interactions, community assembling principles, and engineering tools are necessary for us to understand the microbial community and to better utilize them. Continued analysis and effort are required to further the current and potential applications of synthetic microbial communities.

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