scholarly journals Evaluasi Indeks Slagging dan Fouling pada Boiler Batubara Jenis Lignit dan Bituminus

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 299
Author(s):  
Ika Yuliyani ◽  
Indriyani Sumitra ◽  
Muna Indrayana
Keyword(s):  
Fusion Temperature ◽  
Ash Fusion Temperature

<p>Batubara saat ini merupakan salah satu jenis bahan bakar yang banyak digunakan padaPLTU. Pada proses pembakaran batubara selain menghasilkan panas juga menghasilkan partikulat abu yang terbawa bersama gas panas. Partikulat abu batubara memiliki kemampuan untuk menempel pada dinding boiler dan kemampuan menempelnya abu ini terutama dipengaruhi oleh suhu melebur abu (ash fusion temperature, AFT) dan unsur – unsur dalam abu.Ada 2 jenis fenomena menepelnya abu batubara pada dinding boiler, yaitu <em>slagging</em> dan <em>fouling</em>. Hal ini akan berdampak pada penggunaan batubara  menjadi lebih banyak dan meningkatkan pekerjaan pemeliharaan boiler. Metode  evaluasi indeks <em>slagging</em> dan <em>fouling</em> mengunakan analisa karakteristik batubara melalui perhitungan indeks <em>slagging</em> dan <em>fouling</em>. Analisa karakteristik batubara dengan menggunakan analisis komposisi abu (SiO2, Al2O3, Fe2O­3, CaO, MgO, K2O, Na2O, TiO2, MnO2), ash fusion temperature, analisis proksimat (Kadar air, abu, zar terbang, dan karbon padat), analisis ultimat(C, H, S, N), dan penentuan nilai kalor batubara. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode perhitungan dengan menggunakan data analisa dari batubara,yaitu analisa proksimate, ultimate dan ash fusion temperature. Berdasarkan evaluasi dan analisa yang diperoleh bahwa abu jenis bituminous dengan kandungan unsur Fe2O3 memiliki pengaruh pada indeks pembentukan <em>slagging</em> dengan hasil indeks <em>slagging</em> lebih rendah, dan abu jenis lignit dengan unsure kandungan CaO dan MgO sangat mempengaruhi  besar nilai indeks pembentukan <em>slagging</em> dengan hasil indeks <em>slagging</em> lebih tinggi jika dibandingkan dengan batubara jenis bituminus. Begitujuga halnya dengan kandungan Na2O pada abu bituminous dan lignit menjadi unsur yang berpengaruh ini selain indeks pembentukan <em>fouling</em>.</p>

scholarly journals A Model for Predicting Arsenic Volatilization during Coal Combustion Based on the Ash Fusion Temperature and Coal Characteristic

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 334
Author(s):  
Bo Zhao ◽  
Geng Chen ◽  
Zijiang Xiong ◽  
Linbo Qin ◽  
Wangsheng Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coal Combustion ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Combustion Temperature ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Fusion Temperature ◽  
Equilibrium Calculation ◽  
Arsenic Distribution ◽  
Ash Fusion Temperature ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
Coal Type

Arsenic emission from coal combustion power plants has attracted increasing attention due to its high toxicity. In this study, it was found that there was a close relationship between the ash fusion temperature (AFT) and arsenic distribution based on the thermodynamic equilibrium calculation. In addition to the AFT, coal characteristics and combustion temperature also considerably affected the distribution and morphology of arsenic during coal combustion. Thus, an arsenic volatilization model based on the AFT, coal type, and combustion temperature during coal combustion was developed. To test the accuracy of the model, blending coal combustion experiments were carried out. The experimental results and published data proved that the developed arsenic volatilization model can accurately predict arsenic emission during co-combustion, and the errors of the predicted value for bituminous and lignite were 2.3–9.8%, with the exception of JingLong (JL) coal when combusted at 1500 °C.

Gas Evolution of Corn Kernels and Paper Sludge From Biomass Gasification and Pyrolysis

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Ulstad ◽  
Albert Ratner ◽  
Jean Dochtermann ◽  
Brian Sulak ◽  
John Hennigan
Keyword(s):  
Rapid Heating ◽  
Paper Sludge ◽  
Fusion Temperature ◽  
Temperature Correlation ◽  
Industrial Systems ◽  
Chemical Mechanisms ◽  
Ash Fusion Temperature ◽  
Corn Kernels ◽  
Rapid Heating Rate ◽  
Fuel Source

Gasification of biomass has become an area of key interest as it is a reasonably quick and direct way of converting the material into a fuel source that works directly in many industrial systems. The purpose of the present work is to explore gasification and pyrolysis behavior of corn kernels and paper sludge. For both corn kernels and paper sludge, low temperature gasification behavior was studied. Due to corn’s low ash fusion temperature, ∼1400 C, gasification is typically undertaken at temperatures near 1000 C, and most of the chemical mechanisms are similar down to ∼500 C. Here, tests were performed with pyrolysis temperatures from 400–800°C, at 1 atm and a rapid heating rate. The evolution of CO and CO2 were measured throughout the pyrolysis process. Results show a direct correlation between temperature and equivalence ratios and the composition of the gas byproduct for both biomasses. CO production increases with an increase in temperature while CO2 shows no temperature correlation. No hydrogen was observed, as would be expected for the short experimental residence time (0.2 seconds).

The influence of phosphorus on ash fusion temperature of sludge and coal

2013 ◽  
Vol 110 ◽  
pp. 218-226 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiang Zhang ◽  
Haifeng Liu ◽  
Yaping Qian ◽  
Menghan Xu ◽  
Weifeng Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fusion Temperature ◽  
Ash Fusion Temperature

A Thermodynamically Based Model for Ash Fusion Temperature

1987 ◽  
Vol 109 (3) ◽  
pp. 124-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. R. Rhinehart ◽  
A. A. Attar
Keyword(s):  
Standard Error ◽  
Coal Ash ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Fusion Temperature ◽  
Ash Composition ◽  
Parameter Correlation ◽  
Ash Fusion Temperature ◽  
Wide Range

This paper describes a thermodynamically based correlation between coal ash fusion temperatures and ash composition. A wide range of data from the literature was used to obtain the values of model parameters. A seven-parameter correlation is proposed which permits predicting the ash fusion temperature with a standard error ± 65°C or better.

Effect of High-Efficiency Flux on the Melting Characteristics of Coal Ash

2013 ◽  
Vol 295-298 ◽  
pp. 3094-3097 ◽  
Author(s):  
Han Xu Li ◽  
Zi Li Zhang ◽  
Yong Xin Tang
Keyword(s):  
Melting Temperature ◽  
Coal Gasification ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Coal Ash ◽  
Fusion Temperature ◽  
Gasification Process ◽  
Ash Fusion Temperature ◽  
Melting Characteristics ◽  
Temperature Detector ◽  
Ash Melting

High-efficiency flux was developed to lower the ash fusion temperature of coal LQ and reduce the addition content in coal gasification process. The effect of high-efficiency flux on the coal ash melting temperature and mineral transformation were studied by ash fusion temperature detector and XRD (X-ray diffractometer) respectively in reducing atmosphere. Compared with limestone flux, the high-efficiency flux can decrease the coal ash melting temperature effectively with half addition content. The ash flow temperature (FT) of coal LQ can be lowered to less than 1350°C with the addition of 3% high-efficiency flux ,while limestone flux need to add more than 8% to reach to this temperature. With the high-efficiency flux added, cordierite, anorthite and Mg-Fe-Al oxide were formed at high temperature, which is the main reason to sharply decrease the ash fusion temperature.

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