scholarly journals Tonsilitis difteri dengan sumbatan jalan napas atas

2018 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 95
Author(s):  
Syahrial Marsinta Hutauruk ◽  
Fauziah Fardizza ◽  
Sevi Aristya
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Airway Obstruction ◽  
Upper Airway ◽  
Immunization Coverage ◽  
Upper Airway Obstruction ◽  
Cardiac Complications ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Immunization Status ◽  
Upper Respiratory ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract Obstruction

Latar belakang: Difteri adalah penyakit infeksi yang disebabkan oleh kuman bacillus grampositif Corynebacterium diphtheriae. Bakteri ini terutama menyebabkan infeksi pada saluran napasberupa tonsilofaringitis, laringitis, maupun keduanya secara bersamaan, ditandai dengan terbentuknyapseudomembran. Kematian pada anak dengan penyakit ini umumnya terjadi karena sumbatan jalannapas atas, ataupun efek sistemik toksin difteri. Tujuan: Melaporkan dan menganalisis kasus tonsilitisdifteri yang berakhir dengan kematian meskipun telah mendapat tatalaksana sumbatan jalan napas atas.Laporan kasus: Kasus anak perempuan usia 4 tahun, dan anak laki-laki usia 5 tahun dengan tonsilitisdifteri disertai sumbatan jalan napas atas. Metode: Telaah literatur berbasis bukti mengenai tonsilitisdifteri, komplikasi, dan status imunisasi melalui database Cochrane, Pubmed Medline, dan EBSCOHost Medline. Berdasarkan kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi didapatkan 3 jurnal yang relevan dengan kasusyang dilaporkan. Hasil: Studi tersebut menyatakan tonsilitis difteri sebagai penyakit dengan komplikasisumbatan jalan napas dan jantung. Komplikasi jantung adalah penyebab kematian tertinggi pada tonsilitisdifteri. Status imunisasi pada kasus meninggal sebagian besar tidak lengkap, dan cakupan imunisasi totalmasih rendah. Kesimpulan: Tonsilitis difteri merupakan kasus jarang dengan tingkat kematian tinggiakibat komplikasi sumbatan jalan napas dan jantung. Kematian dapat terjadi akibat efek sistemik toksindifteri, meskipun sumbatan jalan napas telah diatasi. Status imunisasi yang tidak lengkap dan rendahnyacakupan imunisasi pada wilayah tempat tinggal penderita meningkatkan mortalitas kasus tonsilitis difteri. Kata kunci: tonsilitis difteri, sumbatan jalan napas atas, imunisasi difteri, toksin sistemik ABSTRACTBackground: Diphtheria is an acute infectious disease caused by Corynebacterium diphthe­riae, a gram-positive bacillus. The organism infects primarily the respiratory tract, where it causestonsillopharyngitis, laryngitis, or both, typically marked by the forming of pseudomembrane. In children,either the upper respiratory tract obstruction or the effects of diphtheria toxin are the most common causeof death. Purpose: To report and analyze tonsillitis diphtheria cases that ended up in fatality, althoughthe upper airway obstruction had been managed. Case report: Two cases of a 4-years girl and 5-yearsold boy with tonsillitis diphtheria with upper respiratory tract obstruction. Method: The evidence basedliterature regarding tonsillitis diphtheria, its complication and diphtheria immunization status wereconducted on Cochrane database, Pubmed Medline, and EBSCO Host Medline. Based on the inclusionand exclusion criteria, three studies were found relevant to our cases. Result: These studies stated thattonsillitis diphtheria is a disease with upper airway obstruction and cardiac complications. Cardiaccomplications are the leading cause of death. Immunization status in fatal cases was largely incompleteand total immunization coverage was still low. Conclusion: Tonsillitis diphtheria is a rare case with highmortality rate due to upper airway obstruction and cardiac complication. Systemic effect of diphtheriatoxin can lead to fatality although the airway obstruction had been managed. The incomplete immunizationstatus and the low immunization coverage increased the mortality of tonsillitis diphtheria. Keywords: tonsillitis diphtheria, upper airway obstruction, diphtheria immunization, systemic toxin

Pulmonary Edema and Croup

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1980 ◽  
Vol 65 (4) ◽  
pp. 860-860 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Morrison Hurley ◽  
J. R. Kearns
Keyword(s):  
Tract Infection ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Airway Obstruction ◽  
Pulmonary Edema ◽  
Similar Case ◽  
Upper Airway ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Acute Distress ◽  
Upper Respiratory ◽  
Laryngeal Stridor

There have been two reports of children1 and adults2 developing acute pulmonary edema secondary to acute upper airway obstruction. We are reporting a similar case which demonstrates the same association. A 5-year-old girl had a mild upper respiratory tract infection and harsh cough two days prior to admission in April 1975. She awakened suddenly the evening of admission unable to breathe. She improved slightly in the cold outside air en route to hospital, but on arrival she developed acute distress with laryngeal stridor suprasternal and intercostal indrawing.

Cervicofacial actinomycosis presenting as acute upper respiratory tract

1994 ◽  
Vol 108 (9) ◽  
pp. 801-803 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dimitris G. Balatsouras ◽  
Antonios K. Kaberos ◽  
Panayotis N. Eliopoulos ◽  
Dimitris Kandiloros ◽  
Costas N. Economou
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Airway Obstruction ◽  
Head And Neck ◽  
Microscopic Examination ◽  
Unusual Case ◽  
Upper Airway ◽  
Prolonged Treatment ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Surgical Drainage ◽  
Upper Respiratory

AbstractAn unusual case of cervicofacial actinomycosis presenting as acute upper airway obstruction and demanding urgent tracheostomy is reported. Diagnosis was established by microscopic examination of the pus and culture of Actinomyces israelii. Repeated surgical drainage of the purulent foci and prolonged treatment with penicillin obtained resolution of the disease. Clinicians dealing with acute head and neck swellings should always consider actinomycosis as a possible diagnosis.

scholarly journals Tracheal perforation managed by temporary tracheostomy in a horse : clinical communication

2005 ◽  
Vol 76 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
M.N. Saulez ◽  
N.M. Slovis ◽  
A.T. Louden
Keyword(s):  
Airway Obstruction ◽  
Conservative Management ◽  
Local Anaesthesia ◽  
Upper Airway ◽  
Upper Airway Obstruction ◽  
Cervical Region ◽  
Respiratory Obstruction ◽  
Clinical Communication ◽  
Severe Emphysema ◽  
Upper Respiratory

Tracheal trauma with resultant rupture is uncommonly reported in veterinary literature. We report the case of a 16-year-old Thoroughbred gelding that sustained a 1 cm longitudinal perforation of the dorsal tracheal membrane in the proximal cervical region. The horse subsequently developed dyspnoea due to acute upper respiratory obstruction secondary to severe emphysema of the guttural pouches. A temporary tracheostomy caudal to the site of tracheal perforation was performed under local anaesthesia. This procedure helped relieve the upper airway obstruction and aided resolution of the injury by diverting air away from the site of tracheal perforation. After conservative management, the gelding recovered completely.

scholarly journals Bacterial Phosphorylcholine Decreases Susceptibility to the Antimicrobial Peptide LL-37/hCAP18 Expressed in the Upper Respiratory Tract

2000 ◽  
Vol 68 (3) ◽  
pp. 1664-1671 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena S. Lysenko ◽  
Jane Gould ◽  
Robert Bals ◽  
James M. Wilson ◽  
Jeffrey N. Weiser
Keyword(s):  
Cell Surface ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Antimicrobial Peptide ◽  
Membrane Lipids ◽  
Upper Airway ◽  
Phase Variable ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Epithelial Surface ◽  
Host Membrane ◽  
Upper Respiratory

ABSTRACT A number of pathogens of the upper respiratory tract express an unusual prokaryotic structure, phosphorylcholine (ChoP), on their cell surface. We tested the hypothesis that ChoP, also found on host membrane lipids in the form of phosphatidylcholine, acts so as to decrease killing by antimicrobial peptides that target differences between bacterial and host membranes. In Haemophilus influenzae, ChoP is a phase-variable structure on the oligosaccharide portion of the lipopolysaccharide (LPS). There was a bactericidal effect of the peptide LL-37/hCAP18 on a nontypeableH. influenzae strain, with an increasing selection for the ChoP+ phase as the concentration of the peptide was raised from 0 to 10 μg/ml. Moreover, constitutive ChoP-expressing mutants of unrelated strains showed up to 1,000-fold-greater survival compared to mutants without ChoP. The effect of ChoP on resistance to killing by LL-37/hCAP18 was dependent on the salt concentration and was observed only when bacteria were grown in the presence of environmental choline, a requirement for the expression of ChoP on the LPS. Further studies established that there is transcription of the LL-37/hCAP18 gene on the epithelial surface of the human nasopharynx in situ and inducible transcription in epithelial cells derived from the upper airway. The presence of highly variable amounts of LL-37/hCAP18 in normal nasal secretions (<1.2 to >80 μg/ml) was demonstrated with an antibody against this peptide. It was concluded that ChoP alters the bacterial cell surface so as mimic host membrane lipids and decrease killing by LL-37/hCAP18, an antimicrobial peptide that may be expressed on the mucosal surface of the nasopharynx in bactericidal concentrations.

scholarly journals Upper airway.4: Sarcoidosis of the upper respiratory tract (SURT)

Thorax ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
pp. 181-186 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. P. Baughman ◽  
E. E. Lower ◽  
T. Tami
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Upper Airway ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Upper Respiratory

scholarly journals Intranasal HD-Ad vaccine protects the upper and lower respiratory tracts of hACE2 mice against SARS-CoV-2

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Huibi Cao ◽  
Juntao Mai ◽  
Zhichang Zhou ◽  
Zhijie Li ◽  
Rongqi Duan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Receptor Binding ◽  
Intramuscular Injection ◽  
Upper Airway ◽  
Viral Transmission ◽  
Spike Protein ◽  
Receptor Binding Domain ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Complete Protection ◽  
Upper Respiratory

Abstract Background The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in 185 million recorded cases and over 4 million deaths worldwide. Several COVID-19 vaccines have been approved for emergency use in humans and are being used in many countries. However, all the approved vaccines are administered by intramuscular injection and this may not prevent upper airway infection or viral transmission. Results Here, we describe a novel, intranasally delivered COVID-19 vaccine based on a helper-dependent adenoviral (HD-Ad) vector. The vaccine (HD-Ad_RBD) produces a soluble secreted form of the receptor binding domain (RBD) of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein and we show it induced robust mucosal and systemic immunity. Moreover, intranasal immunization of K18-hACE2 mice with HD-Ad_RBD using a prime-boost regimen, resulted in complete protection of the upper respiratory tract against SARS-CoV-2 infection. Conclusion Our approaches provide a powerful platform for constructing highly effective vaccines targeting SARS-CoV-2 and its emerging variants.

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