Prevalence of Vitamin D deficiency in children aged 02–12 years attending outpatient service in a hospital in North East India

SUMMARYClostridium difficile and staphylococcal infections are associated with increased morbidity, mortality and healthcare costs. Vitamin D deficiency may also contribute to increased healthcare costs. There is increasing evidence that vitamin D may have an antimicrobial role. We examined the relationship of serum 25(OH)D levels to staphylococcal and C. difficile infections to determine if vitamin D deficiency was associated with adverse outcomes. In the outpatient setting, vitamin D deficiency in patients with C. difficile and staphylococcal infections were associated with significantly increased total outpatients costs and fee-based consultation. Laboratory expenses had a trend towards higher costs in the vitamin D-deficient group but did not reach statistical significance. The differences were most clearly seen in the in-patient group with enhanced laboratory, pharmacy and radiology costs. These differences resulted in vitamin D-deficient patients with C. difficile or staphylococcal infections having costs more than five times higher than the non-deficient patients. The total length of hospital stay was four times greater in the vitamin D-deficient group. In addition, the total number of hospitalizations was also significantly greater in the vitamin D-deficient group. Surgery costs demonstrated a tendency to be higher in the vitamin D-deficient group but failed to reach statistical significance. Vitamin D deficiency is intimately linked to adverse health outcomes and costs in Veterans with staphylococcal and C. difficile infections in North East Tennessee. We recommend that vitamin D status be checked in patients with these infections and appropriate therapy be instituted to restore vitamin D level to normal in an expeditious manner.

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PREVALENCE OF VITAMIN D DEFICIENCY INPRE-DIALYTIC CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE PATIENTS ATTENDING A TERTIARY CENTRE IN NORTH-EAST INDIA

International Journal of Advanced Research ◽

10.21474/ijar01/12353 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (01) ◽

pp. 758-763

Author(s):

Sagar Kanta ◽

◽

Tridip Kumar Das ◽

Keyword(s):

Chronic Kidney Disease ◽

Vitamin D ◽

Kidney Disease ◽

Vitamin D Deficiency ◽

Indian Population ◽

Kidney Diseases ◽

Sun Exposure ◽

Assay Method ◽

North East ◽

Vitamin D Levels

Introduction: Vitamin D deficiency has not only been associated with bone and muscular complications but also with cancer, cardiovascular diseases, infection, maternal and neonatal complications. There are many causes of vitamin D deficiency including socio-demographic factors, the timing of sun exposure, along with drugs, skin, liver, and kidney diseases. India is closer to the equator so is considered to have a lower risk of Vitamin D deficiency but it is not so, with many studies implicating deficiency even in the general population. There are no studies done on the north-eastern Indian population document on vitamin D levels in Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) patients. Aim: To study the prevalence of Vitamin D deficiency in the pre-dialytic chronic kidney disease. Material and Methods:Observational study was done. 120 CKD patients were included in the study and staging was done according to the MDRD formula. Total 25-OH Vitamin D was measured by the Enzyme Immuno Assay method. Results: 43.33% of the patients in the group were found to have vitamin D deficiency and 26.66% of patients had vitamin D insufficiency. There was a significant association between vitamin D deficiency and stages 4 and 5 CKD. There was not any significant correlation between vitamin D levels with age, sex, body mass index, serum calcium, or albumin. Conclusion:High levels of vitamin D deficiency were seen in the CKD patients of the northeast Indian population. There were statistically significant changes in vitamin D levels and stages 4 and 5 of CKD.

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