scholarly journals Assessment of microbiological indicators and monitoring of a sociological survey of the quality of sources in the city of Lviv

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (94) ◽  
pp. 81-85
Author(s):  
O. P. Rudenko ◽  
N. A. Lytvyn ◽  
B. V. Gutyj
Keyword(s):  
Human Consumption ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Natural Sources ◽  
Natural Factors ◽  
Quality Of Water ◽  
Intestinal Infections ◽  
The City ◽  
Concentration Limits ◽  
Microbiological Indicators

There are a number of springs on the territory of Lviv, water from which is used by the city residents. It should be noted that natural resources cannot be systematically used by the population for drinking purposes, as they are not sources of centralized water supply and, accordingly, do not have service personnel. No sanitary protection zones have been established for such sources, within which economic activities are prohibited. In this regard, the quality of water from such natural sources has unstable indicators, which depend on many factors of man-made and natural factors (sanitary-chemical and sanitary-microbiological indicators can sometimes fluctuate within one week), which makes it unfit for human consumption and can lead to acute intestinal infections of bacterial and viral etiology, a number of infectious diseases. The article considers the current ecological, microbiological state of natural sources of the city of Lviv. The necessity, and hence the relevance of the analysis and detailed microbiological assessment of water quality of springs in the city of Lviv, namely: springs № 1 in the park "Zalizna Voda" (Lviv, Ternopilska Street); springs № 2 in the park "Zalizna Voda" (Lviv, Myshuhy Street); springs № 3 in Stryiskyi Park (Lviv, Stryiska Street). A sociological survey of city residents on the use and consumption of water from the studied sources was conducted. The results of the analysis were compared with the list of maximum concentration limits of harmful substances in water bodies in accordance with the order № 400 from 12.05.2010 on approval of State sanitary norms and rules “Hygienic requirements for drinking water intended for human consumption” (DSanPiN 2.2.4-171-10).

scholarly journals Analysis and risk assessment of arsenic in the water sources of the cities Cuenca and Azogues, Ecuador

MASKANA ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 71-79
Author(s):  
Guillermina Pauta-Calle ◽  
María Velasco ◽  
Gabriela Vázquez ◽  
Andrea Abril ◽  
Santiago Torres
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Toxic Substance ◽  
Toxic Element ◽  
High Flow ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Arsenic Content ◽  
Environmental Legislation ◽  
Quality Of Water ◽  
The City

Arsenic (As) is a toxic element present in the environment posing a threat to consumers health. To identify the arsenic content in rivers, páramos, and wells in the city of Cuenca, and in rivers in the city of Azogues, two monitoring campaigns in the period August-November 2017 were conducted, respectively during a low and high flow hydrological period. The measurements encompassed physicochemical quality indicators such as pH, color, turbidity, and conductivity. Results show that the páramos and wells are free of As, while this toxic substance is present in surface water with higher levels in periods of high flow. A significant association between the concentration of As and the pH of river water was found. The risk of chronic toxicity from consumption is almost non-existent because the observed As levels exceed only exceptionally the permissible limit established by the Ecuadorian TULSMA (Unified Text of Secondary Environmental Legislation) regulation. The presence of As in surface water is the result of anthropological activities such as the use of pesticides. A permanent monitoring of the quality of water resources for human consumption is necessary, particularly in the rainy season, due to the diffuse and difficult to control pollution processes.

scholarly journals Changes in Water Quality of the River das Antas as It Passes through Rural and Urban Areas

Urban Science ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 22
Author(s):  
Valdemir Antoneli ◽  
Manuel Pulido-Fernández ◽  
João Anésio Bednarz ◽  
Leonardo Brandes ◽  
Michael Vrahnakis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rural Area ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Feasible Option ◽  
Decreasing Ph ◽  
The City

The catchment area of River das Antas (Irati, Paraná, Brazil) is of high importance both for human consumption and irrigation. Within Irati, this river passes through a rural area and through the city of Irati, crossing both poor and rich neighbourhoods. We selected three study areas downstream (a rural area, poor community, and rich neighbourhood) in which we measured turbidity, the concentration of sediments and pH during rainy days. Our results showed downstream trends of increasing turbidity and concentrations of sediments with decreasing pH. The values of turbidity and of concentration of sediments were significantly different in the rural area, while the pH values were significantly different between the three study areas. These findings highlight the effect of agricultural activities in the generation of sediments and turbidity. The—presumably expected—effects of organic urban waste from the poor neighbourhood were also detected in the pH values. We conclude that efforts should be made to ensure that land planning and training/education programmes on sustainable farming practices are undertaken by the authorities to reduce water pollution and its effects on water bodies during rainfall events, since paving streets is not a feasible option in the short term due to the high costs associated with this measure.

scholarly journals Volumetric Quantification and Quality of Water Stored in a Mining Lake: A Case Study at Reocín Mine (Spain)

Minerals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 212
Author(s):  
Noemí Barral ◽  
Raúl Husillos ◽  
Elena Castillo ◽  
Manuel Cánovas ◽  
Elizabeth J. Lam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Consumption ◽  
Business Opportunity ◽  
Manganese Zinc ◽  
Quality Of Water ◽  
New Business ◽  
Volumetric Quantification ◽  
Zinc Mine ◽  
Iron Manganese

This study deals with the potential use of water stored in a lake formed by Reocín’s old zinc mine, which has become the second most important reservoir in Cantabria, with a flow of 1300 L s−1. The methodology used is based on the hydrogeological and hydrochemical characterization of the area studied. A total of 16 piezometers were installed to monitor the amount and quality of water. Results obtained show a pH close to 8 and iron, manganese, zinc, and sulphate concentrations lower than 0.05 mg L−1, 0.05 mg L−1, 1.063 mg L−1, and 1305.5 mg L−1, respectively. The volume of the water stored in the lake amounts to 34 hm3. Measurements show that Fe, Mn, and Zn concentrations are below the limits acceptable for human consumption, according to the Spanish 0.2, 0.05, and 5.0 mg L−1 standards, respectively, while sulphate greatly exceeds the 250 mg L−1 limit accepted by the norm. Therefore, the water could be apt for human consumption after a treatment appropriate for decreasing the sulphate level by, for example, reverse osmosis, distillation, or ion exchange. Although industrial and energy uses are possible, the lake water could be utilized as a geothermal energy source. The management of the hydric resources generated when a mine is closed could improve the economic and environmental conditions of the zone, with all the benefits it brings about, thus allowing for compensating of the pumping cost that environmental protection entails, creating, at the same time, a new business opportunity for the company that owns the mine.

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