An Unusual Case of Perirenal Abscess Caused by Campylobacter and Peptostreptococcus Species

Intra-abdominal abscesses mostly derive from the intra-abdominal viscera. Campylobacter spp. are Gram-negative rods which are known to cause oral infections but rarely have been documented to cause extra-intestinal infections resulting in abscesses. We report an atypical case of Campylobacter rectus (C. rectus) and Peptostreptococcus spp. bacteria isolated from a perinephric abscess presenting as abdominal pain. Abscesses originating from outside the gastrointestinal tract have been reported in other similar case reports infecting the head, brain, and thoracic wall amongst others. The potential source and development of such a Campylobacter infection could be due to multiple hypotheses. This is a first case report of perinephric abscess development. Studies have suggested person-to-person (fecal-oral) transmission along with insects serving as primary reservoirs. Seeding of bacteria through infections in the oral cavity or through infections in the bowel microperforations has also been considered as plausible reasons. Since C. rectus has been isolated in such rare instances, it should be kept in mind when considering differential diagnosis of potential causative agents for extra-oral infections such as invasive abscess formations.

Predictors of severe forms of rotaviral infection in children

Rotavirus infection (RVI) is one of the most common childhood diseases. The study of predictors of severe forms of this disease is of undoubted interest.Aim. Based on the study of the characteristics of the premorbid background, life history and clinical and laboratory parameters, determine predictors of severe forms of RVI.Patients and methods. In the departments of intestinal infections and resuscitation and intensive care of Pediatric Research and Clinical Center for Infectious Diseases in the period 2018 – 202. a retrospective study of 962 children aged 2 months to 2 years with rotavirus infection was carried out. he severity of the condition was assessed using the Clarke scale. To identify the most significant predictors of the development of severe forms of RVI, two groups of patients were compared: severe (> 16 points) and moderate (≤16 points) forms of RVI. Comparison of the frequency of occurrence of signs in the groups was performed using the Pearson χ2 test and Fisher’s exact method. The forecasting model was developed using discriminant analysis of the statistical package Statistica for Windows.Results. Severe forms of RVI were detected in 65 children. Among the patients with severe forms of RVI, there were no patients with completed preventive vaccination. Patients with severe forms of RVI were admitted to the hospital in the late stages of the disease and had a higher score on the CDS scale. Based on the research carried out, a model for predicting severe forms of RVI was developed. The features included in the model were: the day of illness at admission, the patient’s age, prehospital prescription of antibacterial drugs, the absence of completed vaccination against RVI, and the severity of dehydration. Assessment of the quality of the created model showed that the classification ability was 97.7%.Conclusion. Predictors of severe forms of RVI include admission to a hospital in the late stages of the disease with severe dehydration, early age, prehospital antibiotics and forced transfer to artificial feeding, and absence of completed prophylactic vaccination.

Recent Development of Probiotic Bifidobacteria for Treating Human Diseases

Bifidobacterium is a non-spore-forming, Gram-positive, anaerobic probiotic actinobacterium and commonly found in the gut of infants and the uterine region of pregnant mothers. Like all probiotics, Bifidobacteria confer health benefits on the host when administered in adequate amounts, showing multifaceted probiotic effects. Examples include B. bifidum, B. breve, and B. longum, common Bifidobacterium strains employed to prevent and treat gastrointestinal disorders, including intestinal infections and cancers. Herein, we review the latest development in probiotic Bifidobacteria research, including studies on the therapeutic impact of Bifidobacterial species on human health and recent efforts in engineering Bifidobacterium. This review article would provide readers with a wholesome understanding of Bifidobacteria and its potentials to improve human health.

Characterizing the Type 6 Secretion System (T6SS) and its role in the virulence of avian pathogenic Escherichia coli strain APECO18

Avian pathogenic E. coli is the causative agent of extra-intestinal infections in birds known as colibacillosis, which can manifest as localized or systemic infections. The disease affects all stages of poultry production, resulting in economic losses that occur due to morbidity, carcass condemnation and increased mortality of the birds. APEC strains have a diverse virulence trait repertoire, which includes virulence factors involved in adherence to and invasion of the host cells, serum resistance factors, and toxins. However, the pathogenesis of APEC infections remains to be fully elucidated. The Type 6 secretion (T6SS) system has recently gained attention due to its role in the infection process and protection of bacteria from host defenses in human and animal pathogens. Previous work has shown that T6SS components are involved in the adherence to and invasion of host cells, as well as in the formation of biofilm, and intramacrophage bacterial replication. Here, we analyzed the frequency of T6SS genes hcp, impK, evpB, vasK and icmF in a collection of APEC strains and their potential role in virulence-associated phenotypes of APECO18. The T6SS genes were found to be significantly more prevalent in APEC than in fecal E. coli isolates from healthy birds. Expression of T6SS genes was analyzed in culture media and upon contact with host cells. Mutants were generated for hcp, impK, evpB, and icmF and characterized for their impact on virulence-associated phenotypes, including adherence to and invasion of host model cells, and resistance to predation by Dictyostelium discoideum. Deletion of the aforementioned genes did not significantly affect adherence and invasion capabilities of APECO18. Deletion of hcp reduced resistance of APECO18 to predation by D. discoideum, suggesting that T6SS is involved in the virulence of APECO18.

A Mini- review : Effect of Phyllantus niruri L. on Growth and Health of Fish

Phyllanthus niruri L. is one of the herbal ingredients that has been widely used to treat various diseases in humans such as intestinal infections, kidney stones, chronic liver disease, diabetes, hepatitis B, asthma, gonorrhea, bronchitis, syphilis and boost the immune system. The ability of P. niruri in overcoming various diseases is based on its phytochemical content and pharmacological properties. Based on these properties, the plant may possibly be used as a drug to treat diseases in fish. So the purpose of writing this article is to review the extent to which P. niruri can be used as an alternative medicine to treat disease and maintain fish health. Secondary metabolites and phyllanthine as specific compounds present in P. niruri have antibacterial effects for types of bacteria that usually attack fish such as Aeromonas hydrophila, Edwardsiella tarda, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa. In addition, it has the effect of being an antioxidant, immunostimulant and can be used for treatment and to increase fish growth. So it can be concluded that P. niruri can be used as an alternative material to maintain health and help fish growth.

ACUTE VIRAL INFECTIONS WITH COMBINED LESIONS OF THE RESPIRATORY AND GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT - A SCOURGE OF OUR TIME

Viral infections continue to cause significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. The association of pathogens often changes not only the typical clinical picture of the infection, but also its course, which often becomes the reason for the delayed diagnosis and lack of adequate treatment. The variety and discovery of new respiratory viruses, their variability, the rapid formation of strains resistant to antiviral agents and modifying adaptive immune responses in humans, lead to an increase in the frequency of mixed viral infections, which dictates the need to develop and implement new diagnostic and treatment algorithms. This review is devoted to the problem of acute viral infections with combined lesions of the respiratory tract and gastrointestinal tract (GIT) among the population of children. The etiological structure of causative agents of acute respiratory infections (ARI), acute intestinal infections (AII) and infections with combined lesions of the respiratory tract and GIT in children is presented. The features of the pathogenesis and clinical features of rotavirus, coronavirus infections are considered. An algorithm for making a decision on the appointment of a treatment-and-prophylactic complex for children with AII and ARI is proposed.

The premorbid background and the most significant predictors of the development chronic gastroduodenal pathology in children

The study features of premorbid background and the most significant predictors of the development of chronic gastroduodenal pathology in children and adolescents of school age. Materials and methods. The results of screening questioning of schoolchildren with chronic gastroduodenal pathology (CGDP) - n=286, and practically healthy schoolchildren - n=1023, from 6 to 15 years agо. The survey conducted according to the questionnaire developed by us, which includes 24 questions. The relative risk (RR) calculated using traditional statistical formulas with a confidence interval limit 95% CI (confidence interval). Results. In this study, it was found that the main nutritional reason for the development of СGDP in schoolchildren is a malnutrition - 69.2%, RR=2.25 (CI=1.81-2.79), and food for fast food - 65.0%, RR=4.19 (CI=3.45-5.09). The least observed was the abuse of spicy food - 4.9%, RR=1.24 (CI=0.80-1.91). The 42.7% of patients were constantly in a state of heightened psychoemotional stress - RR=1.6 (CI=1.32-1.93). Helicobacter pylori (HP) - infection was diagnosed in 57.7% of patients - RR=4.84 (CI=4.04-5.79), 29.0% of patients underwent acute intestinal infections - RR=2.74 (CI=2.29-3.27), and 62.3% had a history of hereditary burden of chronic diseases of the gastrointestinal tract - RR=1.65 (CI=1.34-2.02) Conclusion. The most significant predictors and premorbid backgrounds for the development of СGDP in schoolchildren are HP-infection (RR=4.84; CI=4.04-5.79; RRR=3.84), food for fast food (RR=4.19; CI=3.45-5,09; RRR=3.20) with the development of overweight and obesity (RR=3.64; CI=2.97-4.47; RRR=2.64), the presence of chronic foci of infection (RR=2.58; CI=2.05-3.23; RRR=1.58).

Infectious morbidity in the Khabarovsk Krai in 2020

The article analyzes the infectious morbidity of the population of the Khabarovsk Krai in 2020. It is concluded that in the structure of infectious morbidity the prevailing nosological form is the group of airborne infections and the group of intestinal infections of viral etiology. A sporadic incidence of natural focal infections is recorded

The Risk Factors for Development of Emergency Conditions in Tender-Age Infants in Acute Intestinal Infections of Different Etiologies

Among the leading risk factors for the development of emergency conditions in acute intestinal infections, especially in infants, some authors point to rickets, anemia, and abnormal antenatal pathology. The aim is to determine the frequency of occurrence of various risk factors for the development of emergency situations in tender-age infants. Materials and methods: 338 tender-age infants with urgent conditions were under observation. The study involved clinical-anamnestic, bacteriological, and serological methods. The aggravating factors were as follows: diseases of parents in 16 (6.2%), related marriages - 20 (7.7%) pregnancy pathology-137 (52.9%), prematurity-16 (6.2%), artificial feeding - 127 (49.0%), early diseases (acute respiratory viral infections, pneumonia, encephalopathy, intestinal infections). Results: According to the results of the study, the central nervous system damage was most often observed in children from 1 month to 6 months (80.2%), anemia was more detected in children of 1-3 years - 56.4%, rickets was more diagnosed in children aged 6-12 months -38.2%.

Retrospective analysis of Clostridioides difficile and other intestinal infections in patients with Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis in the tertiary hospital in Poland. POLIBD survey results

Background There are several studies which evaluated the number of infections caused by enteric pathogens, including Clostridioides difficile in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Our aim was to assess the prevalence of intestinal infections among patients suffering from IBD, when admitted to the hospital due to exacerbation of the disease. Results The performed, retrospective analysis covered test results for C. difficile toxins A and B along with rectal swab cultures sampled from patients, treated in a tertiary IBD center in Poland, between 2017 and 2019. Main objective was to estimate the presence of any infection, which could imitate or co-exist along with the exacerbation of the IBD. All in all 1471 patients had microbiological tests performed, including 1112 tested for C. difficile toxins A and B; and 359 patients who had rectal swab culture. Positive test results for C. difficile toxins A and B were reported in 358 cases, positive results from rectal swab culture were confirmed altogether in case of 25 samples. As far as patients with IBD are concerned, positive results for C. difficile toxins A and B were detected in 82 cases, positive results in rectal swab culture from patients with IBD were reported in 20 cases. Conclusion Intestinal infections were reported in 14.9% of patients (102/685) with IBD symptoms. Positive test results for C. difficile toxins A and B and rectal swab cultures among patients without IBD symptoms were reported in 35.7% of cases (281/786). Intestinal superinfections may complicate the clinical picture of IBD patients, increasing the diagnostic and therapeutic burden. Appropriate early procedures are thus needed in these patients.