scholarly journals FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG BERHUBUNGAN DENGAN KECELAKAAN KERJA TERTUSUK JARUM SUNTIK ATAU BENDA TAJAM LAINNYA PADA PERAWAT DI RSUD LEUWILIANG KABUPATEN BOGOR TAHUN 2018

PROMOTOR ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 163
Author(s):  
Sylvia Puspitasari ◽  
Supriyanto . ◽  
Rubi Ginanjar
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Hepatitis C Virus ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Random Sampling ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
P Value ◽  
Needle Stick Injury ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus

<p>Petugas kesehatan berisiko tertular penyakit dari darah/cairan tubuh (bloodborne pathogen) melalui berbagai cara, salah satunya melalui luka tusuk jarum atau yang dikenal dengan istilah Needle Stick Injury (NSI). Risiko yang dapat terjadi jika tertusuk jarum dapat menimbulkan infeksi HBV<br />(Hepatitis B Virus), HCV (Hepatitis C Virus) dan HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus). Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan kecelakaan kerja tertusuk jarum suntik atau benda tajam lainnya pada Perawat di RSUD Leuwiliang Kabupaten Bogor tahun 2018. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain studi cross sectional. Teknik pengambilan sampel menggunakan simple random sampling dengan jumlah responden sebanyak 71 orang. Pengambilan data dalam penelitian ini menggunakan kuesioner dan menganalisis data dengan uji statistik chisquare<br />menggunakan perangkat lunak aplikasi statistic (SPSS 16). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tidak ada hubungan antara tindakan tidak aman (p-value = 0,461), kondisi tidak aman (p-value = 0,301, masa kerja (p-value = 0,757), pengetahuan (p-value = 0,190), pengawasan (p-value = 0,090)<br />dengan kecelakaan kerja tertusuk jarum suntik atau benda tajam lainnya. Sedangkan untuk variabel lainnya, ada hubungan antara keterampilan (p-value = 0,010) OR = 0,237 (95% CI: 0,085-0,662), pelatihan (p value = 0,022) OR = 3,566 (95% CI: 1,313-9,688) dengan kecelakaan kerja tertusuk<br />jarum suntik atau benda tajam lainnya. Kesimpulan penelitian ini adalah kurangnya keterampilan dan pelatihan mempengaruhi perawat dalam kecelakaan kerja, karena keterampilan dan pelatihan dibutuhkan seseorang dalam setiap pekerjaan untuk meningkatkan kemampuan dan keahliannya<br />sehingga mampu menyelesaikan tugas dengan baik dan dapat terhindar dari risiko kecelakaan kerja</p>

scholarly journals PENULARAN PENYAKIT TERHADAP PERAWAT AKIBAT KECELAKAAN KERJA

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Azmal Umara Siregar
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Hepatitis C Virus ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Needle Stick Injury ◽  
Needle Stick ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Bloodborne Pathogen

Rumah sakit merupakan suatu tempat yang berisiko terjadinya cedera. Hal ini disebabkan karena berbagai kegiatan dirumah sakit sangat berhubungan dengan penyakit-penyakit berbahaya, prosedur kritis dengan alat atau benda tajam. WHO (1995) memperkirakan 10% petugas kesehatan mengalami injury benda tajam. Kecelakaan dalam bekerja dapat diakibatkan oleh kelalaian pekerja, bekerja melebihi batas kemampuan atau ergonomis yang buruk dalam bekerja. Dalam bidang kesehatan, kelalaian dalam bekerja bisa terjadi apa saja. Salah satunya adalah tertusuk jarum atau benda tajam di rumah sakit. Jarum suntik dan alat medis yang tajam merupakan alat medis yang bersentuhan langsung dengan jaringan tubuh dan darah pasien. Tenaga kesehatan yang lalai dapat tertular melalui jarum suntik yang terkontaminasi cairan tubuh pasien yang terinfeksi. Petugas kesehatan berisiko terpapar darah dan cairan tubuh yang terinfeksi (bloodborne pathogen) yang dapat menimbulkan infeksi HBV (Hepatitis B Virus), HCV (Hepatitis C Virus) dan HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) melalui berbagai cara, salah satunya melalui luka tusuk jarum atau yang dikenal dengan istilah Needle Stick Injury atau NSI (Hermana, 2006). Luka atau cidera akibat tertusuk jarum atau benda tajam lainnya merupakan hal yang sangat perlu diperhatikan. Apabila seorang petugas kesehatan tanpa sengaja terluka akibat tertusuk jarum yang sudah terkontaminasi cairan tubuh orang yang sakit maka beresiko terjadi penularan sekurang-kurangnya 20 patogen potensial. Dua patogen yang sangat berbahaya adalah Hepatitis B (HBV) dan Human Immunodefidiensy Virus (HIV). Hepatitis B (HBV) adalah infeksi pada hati atau liver. Penyakit ini sering ditemui dan penyebaran nya 100 kali lebih cepat dari HIV dan dapat menyebabkan kematian.

scholarly journals Seroprevalence of hepatitis B virus, hepatitis C virus and human immunodeficiency virus in the western region of Nepal

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 6-10
Author(s):  
Umid Kumar Shrestha ◽  
Bhup Dev Bhatta
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Hepatitis C Virus ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Western Region ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
The Western Region

Background and aims: The hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) are associated with major public health concerns. The aim of the study was to determine the seroprevalence of HBV, HCV and HIV in the western region of Nepal.Methods: This was a cross-sectional observational study, in which 15,791 patients, attending to Manipal Teaching Hospital, Pokhara, Nepal, were investigated for HBV, HCV and HIV from June 2013 to March 2016; demographic and biochemical profile were studied among the patients with positive test results.Results: Among 15,791 patients [male 6614 (41.9%) and female 9177 (58.1%)], HBV was found in 180 (1.1%), HCV in 52 (0.3%) and HIV in 77 (0.5%). The HBV was found in 63.9% of males and 36.1% of females, HCV in 67.3% of males and 32.7% of females, and HIV in 61% of males and 39% of females which showed that males had more positivity of HBV (P<0.001), HCV (P<0.001) and HIV (P 0.001) than that of female. The HBV was found more in 20-29 years age group (27.2%), HCV in 30-39 years (32.7%), and HIV in 40-49 years (28.6%), with all having p<0.001. Among the patients of HBV, HCV and HIV, the mean values of total bilirubin were 1.4 mg/dl, 0.8 mg/dl and 2.6 mg/dl, Aspartate Transaminase 75.9 U/L, 54.3 U/L and 92.7 U/L, Alanine Transaminase 54.6 U/L, 55.5 U/L and 56.1 U/L, and Alkaline Phosphatase 124.2 U/L, 109.2 U/L and 107.2 U/L, respectively. The majority of patients with HCV had a history of intravenous drug abuse and HIV had concomitant alcoholic liver disease.Conclusion: The HBV was more prevalent followed by HIV and HCV in the western region of Nepal with more prevalence seen in males than in females. Regular screening of HBV, HCV and HIV among the selected patients can help detecting many new cases in Nepal.Journal of Advances in Internal Medicine 2016;05(01):6-10

scholarly journals Algorithms for the Testing of Tissue Donors for Human Immunodeficiency Virus, Hepatitis B Virus, and Hepatitis C Virus

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Axel Pruß ◽  
Akila Chandrasekar ◽  
Jacinto Sánchez-Ibáñez ◽  
Sophie Lucas-Samuel ◽  
Ulrich Kalus ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Hepatitis C Virus ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Tissue Donors ◽  
Occult Hbv Infection ◽  
Occult Hbv ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus

<b><i>Background:</i></b> Although transmission of pathogenic viruses through human tissue grafts is rare, it is still one of the most serious dreaded risks of transplantation. Therefore, in addition to the detailed medical and social history, a comprehensive serologic and molecular screening of the tissue donors for relevant viral markers for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis B virus (HBV), and hepatitis C virus (HCV) is necessary. In the case of reactive results in particular, clear decisions regarding follow-up testing and the criteria for tissue release must be made. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> Based on the clinical relevance of the specific virus markers, the sensitivity of the serological and molecular biological methods used and the application of inactivation methods, algorithms for tissue release are suggested. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Compliance with the preanalytical requirements and assessment of a possible hemodilution are mandatory requirements before testing the blood samples. While HIV testing follows defined algorithms, the procedures for HBV and HCV diagnostics are under discussion. Screening and decisions for HBV are often not as simple, e.g., due to cases of occult HBV infection, false-positive anti-HBc results, or early window period positive HBV NAT results. In the case of HCV diagnostics, modern therapies with direct-acting antivirals, which are often associated with successful treatment of the infection, should be included in the decision. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> In HBV and HCV testing, a high-sensitivity virus genome test should play a central role in diagnostics, especially in the case of equivocal serology, and it should be the basis for the decision to release the tissue. The proposed test algorithms and decisions are also based on current European recommendations and standards for safety and quality assurance in tissue and cell banking.

scholarly journals Hepatitis B or Hepatitis C Virus Infection Is a Risk Factor for Severe Hepatic Cytolysis after Initiation of a Protease Inhibitor-Containing Antiretroviral Regimen in Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Infected Patients

2000 ◽  
Vol 44 (12) ◽  
pp. 3451-3455 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marianne Savès ◽  
François Raffi ◽  
Philippe Clevenbergh ◽  
Bruno Marchou ◽  
Anne Waldner-Combernoux ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Hepatitis C Virus ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Virus Surface ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Hepatic Cytolysis

ABSTRACT In a cohort of 1,047 human immunodeficiency virus type 1-infected patients started on protease inhibitors (PIs), the incidence of severe hepatic cytolysis (alanine aminotransferase concentration five times or more above the upper limit of the normal level ≥ 5N) was 5% patient-years after a mean follow-up of 5 months. Only positivity for hepatitis C virus antibodies (hazard ratio [HR], 7.95;P < 10−3) or hepatitis B virus surface antigen (HR, 6.67; P < 10−3) was associated with severe cytolysis. Before starting patients on PIs, assessment of liver enzyme levels and viral coinfections is necessary.

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