Plant species used in traditional medicine against the main symptoms of COVID-19 in Sub-Saharan Africa: literature review

The stem borer Busseola fusca (Fuller) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) is an important pest of maize and sorghum in sub-Saharan Africa. This insect has oligophagous feeding habits, feeding mostly on maize and sorghum with a narrow range of wild Poaceous plant species. We hypothesised that first instar B. fusca larvae, the critical stage for successful establishment on a host plant, can establish and then grow on a particular plant as a result of induction of a complement of digestive enzymes that mediates host acceptance at first instars. A fast semi-quantitative analysis of potentially digestive enzymatic activities present in the first larvae previously fed for 4 days on leaves of host and non-host plants was performed using the API-ZYM kit system able to detect a multiplex of enzyme activities. Regardless of the plant species, the larvae exhibited higher activities of the carbohydrate metabolising enzymes than of aminopeptidases and proteases. In addition, highest activities of carbohydrates degrading enzymes were exhibited by larvae that consumed leaves of the most preferred plant species of B. fusca. Conversely, esterases were only detected in neonate larvae that consumed leaves of the less preferred and non-host plants. No alkaline phosphatase and lipase activities were detected. The significance of these results was discussed in terms of food requirements of first instar larvae when settling on a plant.

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Heart failure in sub-Saharan Africa: A literature review with emphasis on individuals with diabetes

Vascular Health and Risk Management ◽

10.2147/vhrm.s2321 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol Volume 4 ◽

pp. 123-130 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Andre Kengne

Keyword(s):

Heart Failure ◽

Literature Review ◽

Sub Saharan Africa ◽

Sub Saharan

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Sultanism

10.1093/oso/9780197586488.003.0004 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 47-76

Author(s):

Christopher M. Davidson

Keyword(s):

Twentieth Century ◽

Latin America ◽

Middle East ◽

Literature Review ◽

Eastern Europe ◽

Latin American ◽

Max Weber ◽

Sub Saharan Africa ◽

Empirical Literature ◽

Sub Saharan

To facilitate a comprehensive and up-to-date understanding of the concept of sultanism, this chapter provides a detailed theoretical and empirical literature review. Firstly, it considers the oriental origins of the concept, as applied by Max Weber and others to the Ottoman Empire and a number of South Asian examples. Secondly, it traces the emergence of ‘contemporary sultanism’, as applied by scholars to Latin American regimes from the mid-twentieth century and onwards. Thirdly, it explores the more recent concept of neo-sultanism and the development of a distinct international empirical category of autocratic-authoritarianism which includes: various Latin America regimes; some of the former communist republics of central Asia and Eastern Europe; and a number of regimes in sub-Saharan Africa and parts of Southeast Asia. Finally, it assesses the need to address the scholarly deficit in applying contemporary sultanism or neo-sultanism to the Middle East, and suggests that the present-day Saudi And UAE regimes may be strong examples.

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