Sultanism

2021 ◽  
pp. 47-76
Author(s):  
Christopher M. Davidson
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Latin America ◽  
Middle East ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Eastern Europe ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Max Weber ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Empirical Literature ◽  
Sub Saharan

To facilitate a comprehensive and up-to-date understanding of the concept of sultanism, this chapter provides a detailed theoretical and empirical literature review. Firstly, it considers the oriental origins of the concept, as applied by Max Weber and others to the Ottoman Empire and a number of South Asian examples. Secondly, it traces the emergence of ‘contemporary sultanism’, as applied by scholars to Latin American regimes from the mid-twentieth century and onwards. Thirdly, it explores the more recent concept of neo-sultanism and the development of a distinct international empirical category of autocratic-authoritarianism which includes: various Latin America regimes; some of the former communist republics of central Asia and Eastern Europe; and a number of regimes in sub-Saharan Africa and parts of Southeast Asia. Finally, it assesses the need to address the scholarly deficit in applying contemporary sultanism or neo-sultanism to the Middle East, and suggests that the present-day Saudi And UAE regimes may be strong examples.

scholarly journals Crime and Public Support for the Rule of Law in Latin America and Africa

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 153-169 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shannon I. Smithey ◽  
Mary Fran T. Malone
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Public Opinion ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Rule Of Law ◽  
Fear Of Crime ◽  
Public Support ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
New Democracies ◽  
The Rule Of Law ◽  
Sub Saharan

Abstract Crime poses a formidable obstacle to democratization in many parts of the developing world. New democracies in Central America and sub-Saharan Africa face some of the highest homicide rates in the world. Politicians, citizens, and policy-makers have raised the alarm about the growing tide of criminality. Public insecurity, coupled with inefficient and often corrupt justice systems, makes democratization uncertain. Even if new democracies do not revert to dictatorship, the quality of democracy may suffer if crime continues to rise. One particularly vulnerable component of democracy is the rule of law, as public insecurity may fuel support for extra-legal justice, and a willingness to disregard the law while aggressively pursuing suspected criminals. To test these relationships, we assess the ways in which criminal victimization, as well as fear of crime, affect citizen support for the rule of law. We utilize public opinion data collected in select countries in Latin America and sub-Saharan Africa through two widely used sources – the Latin American Public Opinion Project (LAPOP) and the Afrobarometer surveys.

E-Infrastructures for International Cooperation

2011 ◽  
pp. 141-193
Author(s):  
Giuseppe Andronico ◽  
Antun Balaž ◽  
Tiwonge Msulira Banda ◽  
Roberto Barbera ◽  
Bruce Becker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Middle East ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Asia Pacific ◽  
East Europe ◽  
Comprehensive View ◽  
South East Europe ◽  
The World ◽  
Sub Saharan

E-infrastructures are becoming in Europe and in other regions of the world standard platforms to support e-Science and foster virtual research communities. This chapter provides the reader with a comprehensive view of the developments of e-Infrastructures in China, India, Asia-Pacific, Mediterranean, Middle-East, Sub-Saharan Africa, South-East Europe and Latin America and with an outlook on the very important issue of their long term sustainability.

scholarly journals Beyond the Liberal Democracy Paradigm: A Fresh Look at Power and Institutions

2016 ◽  
Vol 59 (3) ◽  
pp. 169-180 ◽  
Author(s):  
Goran Hyden
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Eastern Europe ◽  
Liberal Democracy ◽  
Political Competition ◽  
Central Africa ◽  
Convincing Evidence ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Freedom House

Abstract:Compared to political developments in Eastern Europe and Latin America, democratization in sub-Saharan Africa has been more problematic and uneven. Looking at the performance in four subregions—central Africa, East Africa, southern Africa, and West Africa—yields no convincing evidence of a “wave” of democratization; countries next to each other differ considerably with regard to their Freedom House scores. This does not mean that democratization has necessarily stalled, but it does demonstrate that the prevailing vertical cleavages along ethnic, racial, or religious lines can make such a transition volatile, as suggested by the cases of Burundi, Mali, and even Kenya. While political competition in mature democracies, typically divided along horizontal group or class lines, tends to generate positive-sum outcomes, such competition in Africa easily turns into “prisoner’s dilemma” games. The uncertainty about the value of cooperation in such situations usually produces political “truces” that are easily abandoned if the costs of adherence exceed the benefits. Against the background of this prevailing political logic, this article calls for a new approach to conceptualizing notions of “institution” and “power” in the analysis of politics in the region.

E-Infrastructures for International Cooperation

2014 ◽  
pp. 380-430
Author(s):  
Giuseppe Andronico ◽  
Antun Balaž ◽  
Tiwonge Msulira Banda ◽  
Roberto Barbera ◽  
Bruce Becker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Middle East ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Asia Pacific ◽  
East Europe ◽  
Comprehensive View ◽  
South East Europe ◽  
The World ◽  
Sub Saharan

E-infrastructures are becoming in Europe and in other regions of the world standard platforms to support e-Science and foster virtual research communities. This chapter provides the reader with a comprehensive view of the developments of e-Infrastructures in China, India, Asia-Pacific, Mediterranean, Middle-East, Sub-Saharan Africa, South-East Europe and Latin America and with an outlook on the very important issue of their long term sustainability.

scholarly journals The Regional Impacts of the Asian Crisis on Governance

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 76-89
Author(s):  
Halil Dincer Kaya
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
North America ◽  
Middle East ◽  
East Asia ◽  
South Asia ◽  
North Africa ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Regional Impacts ◽  
Latin America And Caribbean ◽  
Sub Saharan

AbstractIn this study, we examine the regional impacts of the 1997 Asian Crisis on Governance. We use World Bank’s Worldwide Governance Indicators (i.e. WGI) which includes six dimensions of governance. These six dimensions are “Voice and Accountability”, “Political Stability and Absence of Violence”, “Government Effectiveness”, “Regulatory Quality”, “Rule of Law”, and “Control of Corruption”. The seven regions that we examine are North America, Europe and Central Asia, Latin America and Caribbean, East Asia and Pacific, South Asia, Sub-Saharan Africa, and Middle East and North Africa. Our findings show that, due to the crisis, while the overall rankings of Latin America and Caribbean, and Sub-Saharan Africa improved, the overall rankings of Europe and Central Asia, East Asia and Pacific, South Asia, and Middle East and North Africa declined. There was no change in the ranking of North America due to the crisis. Both pre- and post-crisis, North America has the highest ranking in all six measures of governance.

scholarly journals African and Latin American Political Regimes in Perspective

2014 ◽  
Vol 22 ◽  
pp. 16-20
Author(s):  
Wilneida Negrón ◽  
Jean Peňa Payano ◽  
Carolina Urrego Sandoval ◽  
Pedro Capra Vieira
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Political Regimes ◽  
Think Tank ◽  
Economic Trends ◽  
Sub Saharan

This year’s IAPSS Africa and Latin American Think Tank Team will examine current socio-economic trends and their impact on political regimes in Sub-Saharan Africa and Latin America. [from the introduction]

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