scholarly journals Protein Status and CD4+ Cell Count in HIV Patients on Highly Active Anti-Retroviral Therapy

2019 ◽  
pp. 10-14
Keyword(s):  
Cell Count ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Opportunistic Infections ◽  
Hiv Patients ◽  
Cd4 Cell Count ◽  
Highly Active ◽  
Protein Status ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Cd4 Cell

Background of Study: Malnutrition is associated with repeated opportunistic infections, rapid disease progression, and an increase in the incidence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) related mortality. The ability of anti-retroviral therapy (ART) in boosting the immune system depends on the nutritional status of the HIV patient. Aim: The study aimed at investigating the protein status and CD4+ cell counts in HIV patients taking highly active ART. Materials and Methods: The case-control study comprising of a total of 80 participants, compared the protein status and CD4+ cell count among baseline (ART-naïve n=20), switch (ART-resistant n=20), ART follow-up (n=20) patients, and apparently healthy controls (n=20). Results: The total protein of baseline patients was significantly (P<0.01) higher than that of the switch, follow-up, and controls. The CD4+ cell count of baseline patients was significantly (P=0.000) low compared to follow-up patients and controls. Total protein level and CD4+ cell count of switch patients were significantly (P=0.000) lower than that of follow-up patients and controls. Total protein of follow-up patients was significantly (P<0.02) higher than that of controls, while the CD4+ cell count of follow-up patients was significantly (P=0.000) lower than that of controls. Conclusion: The present study observed low protein along with low CD4+ cell count in switch patients, while a good outcome was observed in follow up patients.

scholarly journals The THE SPECTRUM OF OPPORTUNISTIC INFECTIONS AND ASSOCIATED FACTORS AMONG PEOPLE LIVING WITH HIV/AIDS ON HIGHLY ACTIVE ANTI-RETROVIRAL THERAPY AT MERPATI CLINIC, BALI, INDONESIA: A RETROSPECTIVE STUDY

2020 ◽  
pp. 68-71
Author(s):  
NOVIANA JOENPUTRI ◽  
KETUT SURYANA
Keyword(s):  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Marital Status ◽  
Cell Count ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Opportunistic Infections ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Cd4 Cell Count ◽  
Highly Active ◽  
Living With Hiv ◽  
Cd4 Cell

Objective: Infections contributed to higher morbidity and mortality in people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) in both developed and developing countries. This study aimed to describe the spectrum of opportunistic infections (OIs) and associated factors among PLWHA on highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) at Merpati Clinic, Wangaya Regional General Hospital in Denpasar, Bali. Methods: This was a retrospective study. All of PLWHA, who still receiving HAART at Merpati Clinic from January 2018 to January 2020, who met inclusion and exclusion criteria, were included as subjects in this study. All data were collected through a review of the complete medical record of patients. Results: The prevalence of OIs in this study was 43.4%. Most PLWHA who experienced OIs were male (68.8%), age ≤40 y old with a median of age 36 y old, educational status senior high school (57.7%), married (62.1%), employed (89.7%), CD4 cell count ≥ 200 cells/µl (67.6%) and transmission route of HIV non-Intravenous (IV) drug user (99.2%). Sex, age, marital status, and CD4 cell count were significantly associated with OIs, p=0.000, p=0.005, p=0.005, and p=0.000, respectively. Conclusion: The commonest OI in this study was pulmonary tuberculosis. The presence of OIs was associated with sex, age of HIV diagnosis, marital status, and CD4 cell count. With the knowledge of OIs spectrum, clinicians are expected to be able to prevent, diagnose and treat OIs promptly to decrease the morbidity and mortality caused by OIs efficiently.

Initiation of highly active antiretroviral therapy in advanced AIDS with CD4 < 50 cells/mm3 in a resource-limited setting: efficacy and tolerability

2005 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 243-246 ◽  
Author(s):  
Somnuek Sungkanuparph ◽  
Sasisopin Kiertiburanakul ◽  
Weerawat Manosuthi ◽  
Wiphawee Kiatatchasai ◽  
Asda Vibhagool
Keyword(s):  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Cell Count ◽  
Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Adverse Drug Events ◽  
Opportunistic Infections ◽  
Transcriptase Inhibitor ◽  
Cd4 Cell Count ◽  
Hiv Rna ◽  
Highly Active ◽  
Cd4 Cell

In developing countries, patients often present late with advanced AIDS and a very low CD4 cell count. A retrospective cohort study was conducted in HIV-infected patients who had been initiated into highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) with CD4 cell count <50 cells/mm3. There were 159 patients of mean age 36.6 years and 60.4% had previous major opportunistic infections. Mean CD4 was 22 cells/mm3 and 80% had HIV RNA>100,000 copies/mL. The majority of HAART regimens is non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor-based (81.8%). In as-treated analysis, 50, 71.2, 79.7, 79.4, and 80.1% of patients achieved undetectable HIV RNA (<50 copies/mL) at 12, 24, 36, 48, and 60 weeks, respectively. The corresponding mean CD4 counts were 95, 125, 166, 201, and 225 cells/mm3. Twenty two patients (13.8%) had adverse drug events and half of these had to discontinue HAART. Initiation of HAART in advanced AIDS with CD4 cell count <50 cells/mm3 is effective, safe, and well tolerated and should not be delayed.

Immunologic Benefits of Enfuvirtide in Patients Enrolled in a Drug Assistance Program

2008 ◽  
Vol 42 (5) ◽  
pp. 621-626 ◽  
Author(s):  
Parya Saberi ◽  
Nikolai H Caswell ◽  
Cristina I Gruta ◽  
Jason N Tokumoto ◽  
Betty J Dong
Keyword(s):  
Cell Count ◽  
Viral Suppression ◽  
Cd4 Cell Count ◽  
Hiv Rna ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Background Regimen ◽  
Cd4 Cell Counts ◽  
Cd4 Cell ◽  
Cell Count Increase

Background: Randomized clinical trials have demonstrated that enfuvirtide plus an optimized background regimen can cause a significant increase in CD4+ cell counts and a reduction in HIV RNA levels. Objective: To describe and anaiyze CD4+ cell count and HIV RNA changes in HIV-infected patients receiving enfuvirtide and a prescribed background regimen (PBR) in a primarily clinical setting. Methods: A retrospective review from September 1998 through August 2005 of CD4+ cell counts and HIV RNA changes from baseline was conducted in patients receiving enfuvirtide. Data were stratified and analyzed according to baseline CD4+ cell count and HIV RNA. Results: A mean CD4+ cell count increase of approximately 102 cells/mm3 was observed, regardless of baseline CD4+ cell count, in 187 patients receiving enfuvirtide during a mean of 19.4 months of follow-up. During 3 years of follow-up, patients initiating enfuvirtide at CD4+ cell counts less than 100 cells/mm3 never achieved absolute CD4+ cell counts comparable to the counts in patients starting enfuvirtide at CD4+ cell counts of 100 cells/mm3 or more. In 38.3% of patients achieving an undetectable HIV RNA level, a mean CD4+ cell count increase of 185 cells/mm3 was observed. An unexpected finding was that a mean CD4+ cell count increase of 76 cells/mm3 occurred in 61.7% of patients not achieving complete viral suppression. Conclusions: Immunologic benefits were observed in subjects continuing enfuvirtide plus a PBR irrespective of baseline CD4+ cell count, complete viral suppression, or antiretroviral susceptibility data. Dala suggest that initiation of enfuvirtide at CD4+ cell counts greater than 100 celis/mm3 may be immunologically advantageous and independent of complete virologic response.

scholarly journals A Rapid Screening Program for Histoplasmosis, Tuberculosis, and Cryptococcosis Reduces Mortality in HIV Patients from Guatemala

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 268
Author(s):  
Narda Medina ◽  
Ana Alastruey-Izquierdo ◽  
Oscar Bonilla ◽  
Osmar Gamboa ◽  
Danicela Mercado ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Count ◽  
Opportunistic Infections ◽  
Screening Program ◽  
Rapid Screening ◽  
Newly Diagnosed ◽  
Hiv Patients ◽  
Cd4 Cell Count ◽  
One Year ◽  
Advanced Hiv Disease ◽  
Cd4 Cell

Opportunistic infections (OIs) and advanced HIV disease (AHD) contribute to HIV-related mortality. Here, we analyzed the situation of AHD and OIs in a cohort of newly diagnosed HIV patients from Guatemala. We included 2127 adult patients from 13 facilities across the country during 2017 to 2018. Patients were screened for tuberculosis (TB), nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM), histoplasmosis, and cryptococcal disease, independently of their CD4 cell count. Of the 2127 enrolled patients, 1682 (79.1%) had a CD4 cell count available; of which 52% presented with AHD. Of the Mayan population, 65% had AHD. The overall OI incidence was 21%. Histoplasmosis was the most frequent OI (7.9%), followed by TB (7.1%); 94.4% of these infections occurred in patients with a CD4 < 350 cells/mm3. Mortality at 180 days was significantly higher in those with OIs than without OIs (29.7% vs. 5.9%, p < 0.0001). In one year, this program decreased the OI mortality by 7% and increased the OI treatment by 5.1%. Early OI diagnosis and appropriate therapy reduced OI mortality among newly diagnosed HIV patients in Guatemala. Screening for OIs should be considered in all newly diagnosed HIV patients who have a CD4 cell count < 350 cells/mm3 or those without a CD4 cell count available. To improve results, interventions such as early HIV detection and access to flucytosine and liposomal amphotericin B are required.

scholarly journals Prevalence and Influencing Factors of Thyroid Dysfunction in HIV-Infected Patients

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shujing Ji ◽  
Changzhong Jin ◽  
Stefan Höxtermann ◽  
Wolfgang Fuchs ◽  
Tiansheng Xie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Count ◽  
Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Thyroid Dysfunction ◽  
Hiv Patients ◽  
Cd4 Cell Count ◽  
Naive Group ◽  
Highly Active ◽  
Hiv Progression ◽  
Hcv Coinfection ◽  
Cd4 Cell

Thyroid dysfunction is more common in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) patients. But the effects of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) and hepatitis B/C virus (HBV/HCV) coinfection on thyroid function is unclear. We retrospectively reviewed the data of 178 HIV patients and determined the prevalence of thyroid dysfunction and the relationship between thyroid hormone levels, CD4 cell count, HIV-1 duration, HAART duration/regimens, and HBV/HCV coinfection. Of the 178 patients, 59 (33.1%) had thyroid dysfunction, mostly hypothyroidism. Thyroid dysfunction was significantly more frequent in the HAART group (41/104, 39.4%) than in the HAART-naïve group (18/74, 24.3%;P<0.05). The mean CD4 cell count was significantly lower in patients with hypothyroidism (372 ± 331/μL) than in the other patients (P<0.05). The FT4 level was significantly lower in the HAART group than in the HAART-naïve group (1.09±0.23versus1.20±0.29 pg/mL,P<0.05). FT3/FT4 levels were negatively related to HIV duration and FT3 levels were positively related to CD4 cell (P<0.05). HBV patients had lower FT3 levels, while HCV patients had higher FT3 and FT4 levels (P<0.05). Thyroid dysfunction is more common in HIV patients on HAART, mainly manifested as hypothyroidism. FT3/FT4 levels are correlated with HIV progression. HBV/HCV coinfection increases the probability of thyroid dysfunction.

scholarly journals Effects of HIV-1 genotype on baseline CD4+ cell count and mortality before and after antiretroviral therapy

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhiqiang Cao ◽  
Jianjun Li ◽  
Huanhuan Chen ◽  
Chang Song ◽  
Zhiyong Shen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Count ◽  
Hazard Ratio ◽  
Newly Diagnosed ◽  
Hiv Patients ◽  
Cd4 Cell Count ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Cd4 Cell Counts ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Cd4 Cell ◽  
Hiv 1

Abstract To assess whether human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) genotype influences baseline CD4+ T lymphocyte (CD4+) cell count and mortality of patients. The study was conducted from 2014 to 2019 in Guangxi, China, and included 2845 newly diagnosed HIV patients. We used a median regression model to compare CD4+ cell counts in patients newly diagnosed with different HIV-1 genotypes, and a Cox regression model to analyze the associations between HIV-1 genotypes and mortality before and after antiretroviral treatment (ART). In newly diagnosed HIV patients, the baseline CD4+ cell counts of patients with CRF01_AE were significantly lower than those of patients with CRF07_BC, CRF08_BC, and other genotypes. Compared with CRF01_AE, patients infected with CRF07_BC (hazard ratio, 0.55; 95% CI 0.36–0.85), CRF08_BC (hazard ratio, 0.67; 95% CI 0.52–0.85), or other genotypes (hazard ratio, 0.52; 95% CI 0.29–0.94) had significantly lower mortality rates before ART. There were no significant associations between different HIV-1 genotypes and mortality after ART. HIV-1 genotype significantly influences baseline CD4+ cell count and mortality before ART in newly diagnosed HIV patients. We find no significant difference in the outcome of death after ART in patients with different HIV-1 genotypes.

scholarly journals To study the effect of various combinations of haart in CD4+ cell count in HIV patient at RIMS, Ranchi Art Centre

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 887
Author(s):  
Sumit Kumar Mahato ◽  
Uma Shanker Prasad Keshri ◽  
Akhilesh Kumar ◽  
Pholgu Protim ◽  
Vineet Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Cell Count ◽  
Hiv Infections ◽  
Cd4 Count ◽  
Monthly Interval ◽  
Cd4 Cell Count ◽  
Slowing Down ◽  
Highly Active ◽  
Hiv Epidemic ◽  
Cd4 Cell

Background: India has the third largest HIV epidemic in the world. In 2013, HIV prevalence in India was an estimated 0.3%, an estimated 130,000 people died from AIDS-related illnesses. Overall, India’s HIV epidemic is slowing down, with a 19% decline in new HIV infections (130,000 in 2013), and a 38% decline in AIDS-related deaths between 2005 and 2013. Antiretroviral therapy (ART) for the treatment of HIV infection has improved steadily since the advent of potent combination therapy in 1996. ART has dramatically reduced HIV-associated morbidity and mortality. The aim of this study is to see the change in CD4+ count in patient taking various combination of HAART (Highly active anti-retroviral treatment).Methods: A total of 215 patients were included in this study that came to the rims art centre for regular follow up and there cd4+ count at 6 monthly interval upto 18 months was taken and analysed.Results: The patients were evaluated for their change in CD4+ cell count. Mean of CD4+ count at 6 monthly interval was taken in this study which showed that haart combination causes significant improvement in cd4+ count in each group (1) stavudine, lamivudine, nevirapine (2)stavudine, lamivudine, efavirenz (3) zidovudine, lamivudine, nevirapine (4) zidovudine, lamivudine, efavirenz, (5) tenofovir, lamivudine, efavirenz.Conclusions: SLN combination was found most effective in increasing the CD4+ Cell count in comparision to the other combination. Other drugs combinations in decreasing order are as follows- SLE, ZLE, TLE, ZLN. 

scholarly journals Frequency of Cytomegalovirus Viral Load in Iranian Human Immunodeficiency Virus-1-Infected Patients with CD4+ Counts <100 Cells/mm3

Intervirology ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Mohammad Reza Jabbari ◽  
Hoorieh Soleimanjahi ◽  
Somayeh Shatizadeh Malekshahi ◽  
Mohammad Gholami ◽  
Leila Sadeghi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Viral Load ◽  
Cell Count ◽  
Previous History ◽  
Cd4 Count ◽  
Cd4 Cell Count ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Cd4 Cell ◽  
Hiv 1

<b><i>Objectives:</i></b> The aim of present work was to assess cytomegalovirus (CMV) viremia in Iranian human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1-infected patients with a CD4+ count &#x3c;100 cells/mm<sup>3</sup> and to explore whether CMV DNA loads correlate with CD4+ cell counts or associated retinitis. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> This study was conducted at the AIDS research center in Iran on HIV-1-infected patients with CD4+ count &#x3c;100 cells/mm<sup>3</sup>, antiretroviral therapy-naive, aged ≥18 years with no previous history of CMV end-organ disease (CMV-EOD). <b><i>Results:</i></b> Thirty-nine of 82 patients (47.56%) had detectable CMV viral load ranging from 66 to 485,500 IU/mL. CMV viral load in patients with retinitis ranges from 352 to 2,720 IU/mL, and it was undetectable in 2 patients. No significant associations between CMV viremia and CD4+ cell count was found (<i>p</i> value = 0.31), whereas significant association of CMV viremia in HIV-infected patients with retinitis was found (<i>p</i> &#x3c; 0.02). <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> We estimated the frequency of CMV viral load infection in Iranian HIV-1-infected patients with a CD4+ cell count &#x3c;100 mm<sup>3</sup>/mL in the largest national referral center for HIV-1 infection in Iran. Further research is required on the relevance of CMV viral load in diagnostic and prognostic value of CMV-EOD.

Clinical features of HIV/AIDS patients presenting to an inner city clinic in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam

2007 ◽  
Vol 18 (7) ◽  
pp. 482-485 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen A Klotz ◽  
Hao Cong Nguyen ◽  
Tam Van Pham ◽  
Liem Thanh Nguyen ◽  
Dong Thi Anh Ngo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Count ◽  
Opportunistic Infections ◽  
Extrapulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Pneumocystis Carinii ◽  
Population Data ◽  
World Health ◽  
Ho Chi Minh City ◽  
Cd4 Cell Count ◽  
To Come ◽  
Cd4 Cell

An outpatient HIV clinic was opened in March 2005 in Binh Thanh District, a poor section of Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. Over 1500 patients were seen in the first year. The average age of patients was 27 years. Men represented 77% of the clinic population, women, 23% and children under the age of 16 years of age, 5% of the population. The most common risk factor among men was being an injecting drug user (IDU), 76%, and among women, being married to an IDU HIV-positive man, 35%. Physical signs of disease were uncommon: lymphadenopathy in 24% and hepatomegaly and splenomegaly in 4% and 3%, respectively. Men and women were anaemic at presentation, with a mean haemoglobin of 11.9 g/dL and 11.1 g/dL, respectively. An overwhelming majority of patients had profound immunodeficiency. The mean CD4+ cell count was 164 cells/mL and the median was 69 cells/mL. No correlation was found between the World Health Organization's stage of disease and the CD4+ cell count. Thus, the former is a poor predictor of immunity in this population. Data regarding opportunistic infections diagnosed at the first visit were studied. Candidiasis of the oral pharynx, oesophagus or vagina was found in 34.5% of the patients, and pulmonary and extrapulmonary tuberculosis was found in 32% of the patients. Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP) was diagnosed in only 3% of the patients. Cotrimoxazole prophylaxis is advocated for HIV-infected Vietnamese, but the incidence of PCP is negligible and resources could be spent elsewhere. The various opportunistic infections seen in this resource-poor clinic setting is likely to be a pattern of presentation of HIV-infected Vietnamese for some time to come.

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