scholarly journals Description of war photographs : designing a list of subject headingsDescription of war photographs : designing a list of subject headings

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marc D. Boulay
Keyword(s):  
Controlled Vocabulary ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
Specialized Knowledge ◽  
War Photography ◽  
Hierarchical Arrangement ◽  
Subject Headings ◽  
House Museum ◽  
The Hierarchical Structure ◽  
Photography Collections ◽  
User Friendly

This project is focused on the research and practical design of a list of subject headings which describes topical subjects visually represented in war photographs. To increase access to this type of cultural heritage, this list is a user-friendly tool for the efficient description of war photographs which does not require specialized knowledge in the subject of war for its implementation. Three main strategies are employed to this end: The implementarion of a strictly controlled vocabulary; the use of a streamlined multi-tiered hierarchical arrangement; and the placement of specific subject headings within the hierarchical structure of terminology that function as key access points to war photography collections. The basis of development of this project is the approach to the description of war photographs of three institutions. These are: George Eastman House Museum of Photography and Film, the Canadian War Museum's Military History Research Centre, and Ryerson University's Black Star Historical Black & White Photography Collection.

scholarly journals Description of war photographs : designing a list of subject headingsDescription of war photographs : designing a list of subject headings

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marc D. Boulay
Keyword(s):  
Controlled Vocabulary ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
Specialized Knowledge ◽  
War Photography ◽  
Hierarchical Arrangement ◽  
Subject Headings ◽  
House Museum ◽  
The Hierarchical Structure ◽  
Photography Collections ◽  
User Friendly

This project is focused on the research and practical design of a list of subject headings which describes topical subjects visually represented in war photographs. To increase access to this type of cultural heritage, this list is a user-friendly tool for the efficient description of war photographs which does not require specialized knowledge in the subject of war for its implementation. Three main strategies are employed to this end: The implementarion of a strictly controlled vocabulary; the use of a streamlined multi-tiered hierarchical arrangement; and the placement of specific subject headings within the hierarchical structure of terminology that function as key access points to war photography collections. The basis of development of this project is the approach to the description of war photographs of three institutions. These are: George Eastman House Museum of Photography and Film, the Canadian War Museum's Military History Research Centre, and Ryerson University's Black Star Historical Black & White Photography Collection.

The GravIS Portal: User-friendly Global Mass Variations from GRACE and GRACE-FO

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christoph Dahle ◽  
Eva Boergens ◽  
Henryk Dobslaw ◽  
Andreas Groh ◽  
Ingo Sasgen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Information Service ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Ocean Bottom ◽  
Climatic Regions ◽  
Uncertainty Estimates ◽  
Terrestrial Water ◽  
User Friendly ◽  
Global Mean

<p>The German Research Centre for Geosciences (GFZ) maintains the “Gravity Information Service” (GravIS, gravis.gfz-potsdam.de) portal in collaboration with the Alfred-Wegener-Institute (AWI) and Technische Universität Dresden. Main objective of this portal is the dissemination of data describing mass variations in the Earth system based on observations of the satellite gravimetry missions GRACE and GRACE-FO.</p><p>The provided data sets encompass products of terrestrial water storage (TWS) variations over the continents, ocean bottom pressure (OBP) variations from which global mean barystatic sea-level rise can be estimated, and mass changes of the ice sheets in Greenland and Antarctica. All data sets are provided as time series of regular grids for each area, as well as in the form of regional basin averages. Regarding the latter, for the continental TWS data the user can choose between classical river basins and a novel segmentation based on climatic regions. For the oceans, the segmentation into different regions is derived similarly but based on modelled OBP data. All time series are accompanied by realistic uncertainty estimates.</p><p>All data sets can be interactively displayed at the portal and are freely available for download. This contribution aims to show the features and possibilities of the GravIS portal to researchers without a dedicated geodetic background, working in the fields of hydrology, oceanography, and cryosphere.</p>

scholarly journals Mitigating Bias in Metadata

2021 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliet Hardesty ◽  
Allison Nolan
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Linked Data ◽  
Controlled Vocabulary ◽  
Use Case ◽  
Library Of Congress ◽  
Controlled Vocabularies ◽  
Marginalized Groups ◽  
Subject Headings ◽  
Standardize Terminology ◽  
Marginalized Community

Controlled vocabularies used in cultural heritage organizations (galleries, libraries, archives, and museums) are a helpful way to standardize terminology but can also result in misrepresentation or exclusion of systemically marginalized groups. Library of Congress Subject Headings (LCSH) is one example of a widely used yet problematic controlled vocabulary for subject headings. In some cases, systemically marginalized groups are creating controlled vocabularies that better reflect their terminology. When a widely used vocabulary like LCSH and a controlled vocabulary from a marginalized community are both available as linked data, it is possible to incorporate the terminology from the marginalized community as an overlay or replacement for outdated or absent terms from more widely used vocabularies. This paper provides a use case for examining how the Homosaurus, an LGBTQ+ linked data controlled vocabulary, can provide an augmented and updated search experience to mitigate bias within a system that only uses LCSH for subject headings.

scholarly journals What Have We Got to Lose? The Effect of Controlled Vocabulary on Keyword Searching Results

2005 ◽  
Vol 66 (3) ◽  
pp. 212-230 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tina Gross ◽  
Arlene G. Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Keyword Search ◽  
Controlled Vocabulary ◽  
Subject Headings ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Keyword Searching ◽  
Keyword Searches ◽  
Library Catalogs

Using controlled vocabulary in the creation and searching of library catalogs has evoked a great deal of debate because it is expensive to provide. Leading to this study were suggestions that because most users seem to search by keyword, subject headings could be removed from catalog records to save space and cost. This study asked, what proportion of records retrieved by a keyword search has a keyword only in a subject heading field and thus would not be retrieved if there were no subject headings? It was found that more than one-third of records retrieved by successful keyword searches would be lost if subject headings were not present, and many individual cases exist in which 80, 90, and even 100 percent of the retrieved records would not be retrieved in the absence of subject headings.

scholarly journals Caught in the concept jungle: developing a format for data contributions to the World Flora Online

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Walter G. Berendsohn ◽  
Chuck Miller ◽  
William Ulate ◽  
Mark Watson
Keyword(s):  
Controlled Vocabulary ◽  
Portal System ◽  
Simple Task ◽  
Electronic Submission ◽  
Star Schema ◽  
Darwin Core ◽  
The World ◽  
Royal Botanic Gardens ◽  
Data Elements ◽  
User Friendly

The World Flora Online initiative (www.worldfloraonline.org) is a global consortium of many of the world’s leading botanical institutions with the aim to offer a worldwide information resource for plant information (Miller 2019). It aggregates information provided by the botanical community, either through specialized information systems or published taxonomic treatments and floras. WFO distinguishes contributions to the Taxonomic Backbone (i.e. the community-curated consensus system of scientific names, taxa, synonyms and their classification) from Content contributions (i.e. descriptive data, images, distribution, etc.). In the course of writing the guidelines for contributors, a format for the electronic submission of these data had to be developed. The expectation was that this would be a comparatively simple task, drawing on existing TDWG standards and using established formats and tools, i.e. Darwin Core Archive, the Integrated Publishing Toolkit and the DwC-A Validator tool. Actually, it was not that simple, as several problems had to be solved. First of all it was somewhat difficult to find authoritative sources on the web for existing data definitions. That solved, the actual definitions were, in some cases not really adequate for use by the botanical community, or a narrower description had to be given, or our portal software (based on the eMonocot portal system developed by the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew) required a different controlled vocabulary. A decision was taken to follow the DwC naming conventions for data elements, although in some cases the designations - or at least the applications in a checklist context - were patently wrong (e.g. “taxonID” as the identifier for names, including synonyms). For Content contributions, the DwC-A standard star schema was useful, but it was not appropriate for backbone contributions with their multiple relationships e.g., to literature references. This experience underlines the necessity for a coherent documentation of standards (see Blum et al. (2019)), including user-friendly access to definitions, data validation tools and clear guidelines for extensions/subtyping also at the element-level.

scholarly journals Birth of a Subject Heading

2018 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 16
Author(s):  
Anna M. Ferris
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Controlled Vocabulary ◽  
Library Of Congress ◽  
Authority File ◽  
Subject Headings ◽  
The Subject

This paper illustrates the process by which a subject heading is created within the controlled vocabulary of the Library of Congress Subject Headings (LCSH). The author details the steps involved in proposing a subject heading for inclusion in the Subject Authority File at the Library of Congress using two case studies as examples, one in which the subject heading was accepted into the LCSH system and one in which the subject heading was rejected despite being revised and resubmitted.

Thesaurus and subject heading lists as Linked Data

2021 ◽  
Vol 33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Everton Rodrigues Barbosa ◽  
Moisés Lima Dutra ◽  
Angel Freddy Godoy Viera ◽  
Douglas Dyllon Jeronimo de Macedo
Keyword(s):  
Data Model ◽  
Linked Data ◽  
Open Data ◽  
Controlled Vocabulary ◽  
Conversion Process ◽  
Controlled Vocabularies ◽  
Knowledge Organization Systems ◽  
Subject Headings ◽  
Data Environment ◽  
Type Of Institution

Abstract Most libraries put a lot of effort into developing subject headings or thesauri, which are used to index and retrieve information. Nevertheless, in the library field, controlled vocabularies are associated to authority records as authority files. In order to become findable by search engines, these authority files should be modelled on semantic vocabularies. This research proposes an authority-record conversion process for publishing thesauri and subject headings as linked data, by using the Simple Knowledge Organization Systems data model. To this purpose, we undertook a bibliographic and documentary research on the World Wide Web Consortium recommendation guidelines, which were used to produce a set of procedures and technologies to support the conversion proposal. This research provides evidences that controlled vocabularies are an important resource for improving information retrieval on the web. The proposed conversion process works as a quick guide for controlled vocabulary integration and reuse among users and systems on the linked data environment. Although the proposal was originally intended for a library setting, it can be applied and tested in another type of institution, such as documentation centres, museums, or cultural heritage archives. It can also be used in other linked open data projects.

Physics Subject Headings (PhySH)

2020 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 257-266
Author(s):  
Arthur Smith
Keyword(s):  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Classification Scheme ◽  
Physical Review ◽  
Controlled Vocabulary ◽  
The Other ◽  
One Dimension ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Dimensional Classification ◽  
Subject Headings ◽  
American Physical

PhySH (Physics Subject Headings) was developed by the American Physical Society and first used in 2016 as a faceted hierarchical controlled vocabulary for physics, with some basic terms from related fields. It was developed mainly for the purpose of associating subjects with papers submitted to and published in the Physical Review family of journals. The scheme is organized at the top level with a two-dimensional classification, with one dimension (labeled “disciplines”) representing professional divisions within physics, and the other dimension (labeled “facets”) providing a conceptual partitioning of terms. PhySH was preceded in use by PACS (“Physics and Astronomy Classification Scheme”), which was in turn preceded by more ad hoc approaches, and this history and related vocabularies or categorizations will also be briefly discussed.

In-House Developed Methodologies and Tools for Decommissioning Projects

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michel Detilleux ◽  
Baudouin Centner
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Nuclear Research ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
Primary System ◽  
Time Schedule ◽  
Operational Parameters ◽  
Dose Rates ◽  
User Friendly

The paper describes different methodologies and tools developed in-house by Tractebel Engineering to facilitate the engineering works to be carried out especially in the frame of decommissioning projects. Three examples of tools with their corresponding results are presented: - The LLWAA-DECOM code, a software developed for the radiological characterization of contaminated systems and equipment. The code constitutes a specific module of more general software that was originally developed to characterize radioactive waste streams in order to be able to declare the radiological inventory of critical nuclides, in particular difficult-to-measure radionuclides, to the Authorities. In the case of LLWAA-DECOM, deposited activities inside contaminated equipment (piping, tanks, heat exchangers ...) and scaling factors between nuclides, at any given time of the decommissioning time schedule, are calculated on the basis of physical characteristics of the systems and of operational parameters of the nuclear power plant. This methodology was applied to assess decommissioning costs of Belgian NPPs, to characterize the primary system of Trino NPP in Italy, to characterize the equipment of miscellaneous circuits of Ignalina NPP and of Kozloduy unit 1 and, to calculate remaining dose rates around equipment in the frame of the preparation of decommissioning activities; - The VISIMODELLER tool, a user friendly CAD interface developed to ease the introduction of lay-out areas in a software named VISIPLAN. VISIPLAN is a 3D dose rate assessment tool for ALARA work planning, developed by the Belgian Nuclear Research Centre SCK·CEN. Both softwares were used for projects such as the steam generators replacements in Belgian NPPs or the preparation of the decommissioning of units 1&2 of Kozloduy NPP; - The DBS software, a software developed to manage the different kinds of activities that are part of the general time schedule of a decommissioning project. For each activity, when relevant, algorithms allow to estimate, on the basis of local inputs, radiological exposures of the operators (collective and individual doses), production of primary, secondary and tertiary waste and their characterization, production of conditioned waste, release of effluents, ... and enable the calculation and the presentation (histograms) of the global results for all activities together. An example of application in the frame of the Ignalina decommissioning project is given.

Status of GFZ's GRACE/GRACE-FO RL06 Level-2 and Level-3 Data Products

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christoph Dahle ◽  
Michael Murböck ◽  
Frank Flechtner ◽  
Rolf König ◽  
Henryk Dobslaw ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Information Service ◽  
Gravity Potential ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
Science Data ◽  
Data Products ◽  
Terrestrial Water ◽  
Level 3 ◽  
User Friendly ◽  
Grace Mission ◽  
Level 2

<p>The GRACE Follow-On (GRACE-FO) mission was successfully launched on May 22<sup>nd</sup>, 2018 and continues the 15-year data record of monthly global mass changes from the GRACE mission (2002-2017). The German Research Centre for Geosciences (GFZ) as part of the GRACE/GRACE-FO Science Data System (SDS) has recently reprocessed the complete GRACE mission data (RL06 in the SDS nomenclature). These RL06 processing standards serve as common baseline for the continuation with GRACE-FO data.</p><p>This presentation provides an overview of the current processing status and the validation of the GFZ GRACE/GRACE-FO RL06 gravity field products. Besides its Level-2 products (monthly sets of spherical harmonic coefficients representing the Earth's gravity potential), GFZ additionally generates user-friendly Level-3 products in collaboration with the Alfred-Wegener-Institut (AWI) and TU Dresden. These Level-3 data products comprise dedicated mass anomaly products of terrestrial water storage over non-glaciated regions, bottom pressure variations in the oceans and ice mass changes in Antarctica and Greenland, available via GFZ's Gravity Information Service (GravIS) portal (http://gravis.gfz-potsdam.de/).</p>

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