Physics Subject Headings (PhySH)

2020 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 257-266
Author(s):  
Arthur Smith
Keyword(s):  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Classification Scheme ◽  
Physical Review ◽  
Controlled Vocabulary ◽  
The Other ◽  
One Dimension ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Dimensional Classification ◽  
Subject Headings ◽  
American Physical

PhySH (Physics Subject Headings) was developed by the American Physical Society and first used in 2016 as a faceted hierarchical controlled vocabulary for physics, with some basic terms from related fields. It was developed mainly for the purpose of associating subjects with papers submitted to and published in the Physical Review family of journals. The scheme is organized at the top level with a two-dimensional classification, with one dimension (labeled “disciplines”) representing professional divisions within physics, and the other dimension (labeled “facets”) providing a conceptual partitioning of terms. PhySH was preceded in use by PACS (“Physics and Astronomy Classification Scheme”), which was in turn preceded by more ad hoc approaches, and this history and related vocabularies or categorizations will also be briefly discussed.

A Framework for Analyzing Structural Mechanisms Deployed to Support Traditional and Agile Methods

2021 ◽  
pp. 205-227
Author(s):  
Michal Dolezel ◽  
Alena Buchalcevova
Keyword(s):  
Software Development ◽  
Classification Scheme ◽  
Organizational Structures ◽  
Agile Software Development ◽  
Agile Methods ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Dimensional Classification ◽  
Agile Software ◽  
Structural Mechanisms ◽  
Development Methods

People rely on structures to make their worlds orderly. This chapter conceptually probes into the problem of the differences between organizational structures deployed in traditional and agile environments. The authors develop an argument that all common forms of organizational entities can be classified by involving a two-dimensional classification scheme. Specifically, they constructed a typology to examine the issues of formal vs. informal authority, and disciplinarity vs. cross-functionality in terms of their significance for traditional and agile software development workplaces. Some examples of concrete organizational forms—including traditional project team, independent test team, self-organizing agile team and developers' community of practice—are discussed. In sum, they argue that by employing this classification scheme, they can theorize the nature of the on-going structural shift observed in conjunction with deploying agile software development methods. They acknowledge that the structures have fundamentally changed, terming the move “democratization” in the software development workplace.

scholarly journals Explore with caution: mapping the evolution of scientific interest in physics

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alberto Aleta ◽  
Sandro Meloni ◽  
Nicola Perra ◽  
Yamir Moreno
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Classification Scheme ◽  
Scientific Research ◽  
The Other ◽  
Thomas Kuhn ◽  
Scientific Interest ◽  
The Past ◽  
Large Scale Dataset ◽  
American Physical ◽  
Work Done

Abstract In the book The Essential Tension (1979) Thomas Kuhn described the conflict between tradition and innovation in scientific research—i.e., the desire to explore new promising areas, counterposed to the need to capitalize on the work done in the past. While it is probable that along their careers many scientists felt this tension, only few works have tried to quantify it. Here, we address this question by analyzing a large-scale dataset, containing all the papers published by the American Physical Society (APS) in 26 years, which allows for a better understanding of scientists’ careers evolution in Physics. We employ the Physics and Astronomy Classification Scheme (PACS) present in each paper to map the scientific interests of 103,246 authors and their evolution along the years. Our results indeed confirm the existence of the “essential tension” with scientists balancing between exploring the boundaries of their area and exploiting previous work. In particular, we found that although the majority of physicists change the topics of their research, they stay within the same broader area thus exploring with caution new scientific endeavors. Furthermore, we quantify the flows of authors moving between different subfields and pinpoint which areas are more likely to attract or donate researchers to the other ones. Overall, our results depict a very distinctive portrait of the evolution of research interests in Physics and can help in designing specific policies for the future.

Multidimensional Scaling of Terms Used to Describe Personality

1970 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-8
Author(s):  
Herbert Gerjuoy ◽  
Bernard S. Aaronson
Keyword(s):  
Multidimensional Scaling ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
The Other ◽  
One Dimension ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Intensity Scale ◽  
Personality Dimensions ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Highly Correlated

Buss and Gerjuoy classified 293 personality-descriptive terms into 18 personality “dimensions.” They reported “abnormality” and “intensity” scale values for each term. The present study multidimensionally scaled the highest-intensity, lowest-intensity, and lowest-abnormality terms from 6 Buss-Gerjuoy dimensions. Expert judges estimated the correlations among the personality traits referred to by these terms. The mean estimates had a two-dimensional configuration. One dimension was Abnormality; the other, Behavior Elicitation-Emission. Communications among psychologists should take into account psychologists' assumptions about trait intercorrelations. Psychologists may perceive personality descriptions as redundant if the traits specified are believed highly correlated. Individuals with trait combinations not fitting the consensual model should be explicitly so characterized.

scholarly journals A REJECTION MECHANISM IN 2D BOUNDED CONFIDENCE PROVIDES MORE CONFORMITY

2008 ◽  
Vol 11 (04) ◽  
pp. 529-549 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. HUET ◽  
G. DEFFUANT ◽  
W. JAGER
Keyword(s):  
Attitude Change ◽  
Large Range ◽  
Two Dimensions ◽  
The Other ◽  
One Dimension ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Number Of Clusters ◽  
Bounded Confidence ◽  
Rejection Mechanism ◽  
Model Apply

This paper explores the dynamics of attitude change in two dimensions resulting from social interaction. We add a rejection mechanism into the 2D bounded confidence (BC) model proposed by Deffuant et al. (2001). Individuals are characterized by two-dimensional continuous attitudes, each associated with an uncertainty u, supposed constant in this first study. Individuals interact through random pairs. If their attitudes are closer than u on both dimensions, or further than u on both dimensions, or closer than u on one dimension and not further than u + δ u on the other dimension, then the rules of the BC model apply. But if their attitudes are closer than u on one dimension and further than u + δ u on the other dimension, then the individuals are in a dissonant state. They tend to solve this problem by shifting away their close attitudes. The model shows metastable clusters, which maintain themselves through opposite influences of competitor clusters. Our analysis and first experiments support the hypothesis that, for a large range of uncertainty values, the number of clusters grows linearly with the inverse of the uncertainty, whereas this growth is quadratic in the BC model.

scholarly journals Conceptual change of disaster management models: A thematic analysis

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehdi Nojavan ◽  
Esmail Salehi ◽  
Babak Omidvar
Keyword(s):  
Disaster Management ◽  
Thematic Analysis ◽  
The Other ◽  
One Dimension ◽  
Comprehensive Model ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Final Phase ◽  
Management Models ◽  
Management Actions ◽  
The Ideal

Different models have been proposed for disaster management by researchers and agencies. Despite their efficiency in some locations, disasters are still a fundamental challenge in the way of sustainable development. The purpose of this research is developing a comprehensive conceptual model for disaster management using thematic analysis. In this regard, first, disaster management models are collected. In the next stage, the themes of each model are extracted and categorised in three phases. In the first phase that is descriptive coding, available elements in each model are extracted as code and the basic themes are recognised. Then, in the phase of interpretive coding, basic themes are classified in three categories that are called organising themes (i.e. hazard assessment, risk management and management actions). In the final phase, strategic management is selected as the global or overarching theme to integrate all the other themes. Based on thematic analysis, it can be concluded that disaster management has three main elements that are the three organising themes. Therefore, comprehensive model of disaster management should include these three elements and their sub-basic themes that is called the ideal or criterion type. Results showed that some scientists have looked at disaster management one dimensionally (one theme). Even in two-dimensional models, one dimension has advantage over the other one. While the proposed typology in this study showed that the comprehensive model should include all the three mentioned elements.

Level phase independence for GI/M/1-type Markov chains

2000 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 984-998 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guy Latouche ◽  
P. G. Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Phase Transitions ◽  
Markov Chains ◽  
State Space ◽  
Transition Probabilities ◽  
The Other ◽  
One Dimension ◽  
Death Process ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Birth And Death Process ◽  
Special Case

GI/M/1-type Markov chains make up a class of two-dimensional Markov chains. One dimension is usually called the level, and the other is often called the phase. Transitions from states in level k are restricted to states in levels less than or equal to k+1. For given transition probabilities in the interior of the state space, we show that it is always possible to define the boundary transition probabilities in such a way that the level and phase are independent under the stationary distribution. We motivate our analysis by first considering the quasi-birth-and-death process special case in which transitions from any state are restricted to states in the same, or adjacent, levels.

Emotion and Tension

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Temperley
Keyword(s):  
Moderate Level ◽  
The Other ◽  
One Dimension ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Dimensional Representation ◽  
Unexpected Events ◽  
Aesthetic Enjoyment ◽  
Third Dimension ◽  
Musical Emotion

Following much other research on musical emotion, this chapter assumes a two-dimensional representation, with one dimension representing valence (positive/negative) and the other representing energy/activity. It is argued that the valence dimension in rock is conveyed primarily by the location of a song’s scale (relative to the tonic) on the “line of fifths”; this captures the well-known major/minor contrast but also allows finer distinctions. The energy dimension is conveyed by a variety of musical parameters including loudness, register, tempo, rhythmic density, and timbral brightness. The chapter also posits a third dimension, complexity, which is taken to be represented experientially by tension; increased tension is caused by unexpected events and by an increase in event density. It has been hypothesized that a moderate level of complexity is optimal for aesthetic enjoyment; this may in part account for the appeal of certain rhythmic patterns, a phenomenon known as “groove.”

scholarly journals Ultraviolet Spectrophotometry of Early-Type Stars

1976 ◽  
Vol 72 ◽  
pp. 161-165 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Nandy ◽  
G. I. Thompson ◽  
C. M. Humphries
Keyword(s):  
Classification Scheme ◽  
Narrow Band ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Early Type ◽  
Ultraviolet Spectrophotometry ◽  
B Stars ◽  
Preliminary Results ◽  
Ultraviolet Spectra ◽  
Dimensional Classification ◽  
Early Type Stars

The ultraviolet spectra of B stars obtained with the sky scan telescope in the TD1 satellite have been used to obtain narrow-band magnitudes at several wavelengths. These photometric bands have an effective half-width of 100 Å. We have proposed a two-dimensional classification scheme based on ultraviolet colours, and some preliminary results are presented.

scholarly journals Ultraviolet Classification from the S2/68 Experiment on Board the Tdia Satellite

1979 ◽  
Vol 47 ◽  
pp. 435-437
Author(s):  
A. Cucchiaro
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Study ◽  
Classification Scheme ◽  
Type Star ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Morphology Analysis ◽  
Dimensional Classification ◽  
Intensity Ratios ◽  
Line Features ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Made In

A morphology analysis as well as a statistical study of the spectra provided by the S2/68 experiment is made in order to establish ultraviolet criteria of classification. These criteria, either line features or intensity ratios, permit the establishment of a two-dimensional classification to be made from the so-called B0 to G0 type star in the classic range. This classification scheme permits also “abnormal” spectra to be singled out, thanks to the definition of the “normal” spectra.

scholarly journals Learning 2D Temporal Adjacent Networks for Moment Localization with Natural Language

2020 ◽  
Vol 34 (07) ◽  
pp. 12870-12877 ◽  
Author(s):  
Songyang Zhang ◽  
Houwen Peng ◽  
Jianlong Fu ◽  
Jiebo Luo
Keyword(s):  
Natural Language ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
The Other ◽  
Temporal Relation ◽  
One Dimension ◽  
Single Shot ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Challenging Problem ◽  
Starting Time ◽  
Temporal Moments

We address the problem of retrieving a specific moment from an untrimmed video by a query sentence. This is a challenging problem because a target moment may take place in relations to other temporal moments in the untrimmed video. Existing methods cannot tackle this challenge well since they consider temporal moments individually and neglect the temporal dependencies. In this paper, we model the temporal relations between video moments by a two-dimensional map, where one dimension indicates the starting time of a moment and the other indicates the end time. This 2D temporal map can cover diverse video moments with different lengths, while representing their adjacent relations. Based on the 2D map, we propose a Temporal Adjacent Network (2D-TAN), a single-shot framework for moment localization. It is capable of encoding the adjacent temporal relation, while learning discriminative features for matching video moments with referring expressions. We evaluate the proposed 2D-TAN on three challenging benchmarks, i.e., Charades-STA, ActivityNet Captions, and TACoS, where our 2D-TAN outperforms the state-of-the-art.

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