scholarly journals Characterization of activated sludge flocs by confocal laser scanning microscopy and image analysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eva Nowak
Keyword(s):  
Image Analysis ◽  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Laser Scanning Microscopy ◽  
Confocal Laser ◽  
Reactor Performance ◽  
Sludge Flocs ◽  
P Limitation ◽  
Floc Structure ◽  
Compositional Changes

The purpose of this study was to characterize microbial floc structure and properties under phosphorus (P) limiting and non-limiting regimes. The P-limitation applied to the biomass did not significantly impact on reactor performance in terms of COD removal and MLSS. The composition of EPS was affected by the P-limitation with significantly increased accumulation of carbohydrates, uronic acids and proteins. CLSM and glycoconjugate mapping revealed that the relative abundance of α and β- N -acetylgalactosaminyl/galactopyranosyl and N -acetylglucosaminyl residues was affected by P-limitation, suggesting changes in microbial populations within the floc structure, which in turn could cause the compositional changes of EPS. The image analysis performed on CLSM images indicated that under non-limiting conditions the cell clumps within the floc were significantly smaller as compared to P-limiting conditions. The fractal dimension and porosity under limiting conditions were either significantly higher or lower than under P-rich conditions.

scholarly journals Characterization of activated sludge flocs by confocal laser scanning microscopy and image analysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eva Nowak
Keyword(s):  
Image Analysis ◽  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Laser Scanning Microscopy ◽  
Confocal Laser ◽  
Reactor Performance ◽  
Sludge Flocs ◽  
P Limitation ◽  
Floc Structure ◽  
Compositional Changes

The purpose of this study was to characterize microbial floc structure and properties under phosphorus (P) limiting and non-limiting regimes. The P-limitation applied to the biomass did not significantly impact on reactor performance in terms of COD removal and MLSS. The composition of EPS was affected by the P-limitation with significantly increased accumulation of carbohydrates, uronic acids and proteins. CLSM and glycoconjugate mapping revealed that the relative abundance of α and β- N -acetylgalactosaminyl/galactopyranosyl and N -acetylglucosaminyl residues was affected by P-limitation, suggesting changes in microbial populations within the floc structure, which in turn could cause the compositional changes of EPS. The image analysis performed on CLSM images indicated that under non-limiting conditions the cell clumps within the floc were significantly smaller as compared to P-limiting conditions. The fractal dimension and porosity under limiting conditions were either significantly higher or lower than under P-rich conditions.

Characterization of activated sludge flocs by confocal laser scanning microscopy and image analysis

2003 ◽  
Vol 37 (9) ◽  
pp. 2043-2052 ◽  
Author(s):  
Markus Schmid ◽  
Antoine Thill ◽  
Ulrike Purkhold ◽  
Marion Walcher ◽  
Jean Yves Bottero ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Image Analysis ◽  
Activated Sludge ◽  
Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy ◽  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Laser Scanning Microscopy ◽  
Confocal Laser Scanning ◽  
Scanning Microscopy ◽  
Confocal Laser ◽  
Sludge Flocs

scholarly journals Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy and Image Analysis for Elucidating Crumb and Crust Microstructure of Bran-Enriched South African Fried Dough and Batter

Foods ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 605 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oluwatoyin O. Onipe ◽  
Daniso Beswa ◽  
Afam I. O. Jideani
Keyword(s):  
Image Analysis ◽  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Polynomial Regression ◽  
Initial Moisture Content ◽  
Soxhlet Extraction ◽  
Laser Scanning Microscopy ◽  
Confocal Laser ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Linear Effect ◽  
Staining Protocol

A double staining protocol for image acquisition using confocal microscopy (CLSM) coupled with image analysis was employed to elucidate the crust and cross-sectional properties of fried dough. Penetrated oil by image analysis (POia), porosity and pore features were quantified from the cross-section micrographs. Crust surface roughness was measured using fractal metrics and fat content was determined by solvent extraction using the American Association of Cereal Chemists method. Crumb porosity ranged between 54.94%–81.84% and reduced (p < 0.05) with bran addition. Crumb pore sizes ranged from 0–475 µm with <1 circularity, indicating elliptical shape. POia values were notably higher (p < 0.05) than PO by Soxhlet extraction (POsox), except for wheat bran (WB) fried dough where the values of POia and POsox were closely ranked. The linear effect of initial moisture content and bran concentration showed a significant impact on the image properties. The mean fractal dimension (FD) decreased as initial moisture increased. The addition of WB caused a significant reduction in the FD of fried dough, while the opposite effect was noted for its oat bran counterpart. Due to non-collinearity of image properties (FD, POia and porosity), data were fitted to cubic polynomial regression with R2 values > 0.70. CLSM and image analysis were effective in measuring oil absorption and interpreting crumb properties of fried dough. The protocol used in this study can be applied to other thick deep-fried foods for qualitative observation and quantitative measurement of a specific physical or chemical property.

scholarly journals Development of Silica-Based Biodegradable Submicrometric Carriers and Investigating Their Characteristics as in Vitro Delivery Vehicles

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (20) ◽  
pp. 7563
Author(s):  
Mikhail V. Zyuzin ◽  
Dingcheng Zhu ◽  
Wolfgang J. Parak ◽  
Neus Feliu ◽  
Alberto Escudero
Keyword(s):  
Cell Lines ◽  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Laser Scanning Microscopy ◽  
Bioactive Molecules ◽  
Confocal Laser ◽  
Electron Microscopies ◽  
Delivery Vehicles ◽  
Nanostructured Silica

Nanostructured silica (SiO2)-based materials are attractive carriers for the delivery of bioactive compounds into cells. In this study, we developed hollow submicrometric particles composed of SiO2 capsules that were separately loaded with various bioactive molecules such as dextran, proteins, and nucleic acids. The structural characterization of the reported carriers was conducted using transmission and scanning electron microscopies (TEM/SEM), confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM), and dynamic light scattering (DLS). Moreover, the interaction of the developed carriers with cell lines was studied using standard viability, proliferation, and uptake assays. The submicrometric SiO2-based capsules loaded with DNA plasmid encoding green fluorescence proteins (GFP) were used to transfect cell lines. The obtained results were compared with studies made with similar capsules composed of polymers and show that SiO2-based capsules provide better transfection rates on the costs of higher toxicity.

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