scholarly journals DENIS BRIHAT PIERRE CORDIER JEAN-PIERRE SUDRE: a European experiment

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raquel Moliterna
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Critical Discussion ◽  
History Of Photography ◽  
Printing Process ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Creation

The most evident aspect that the photographic works of Pierre Cordier, Denis Brihat and Jean-Pierre Sudre have in common is their use of chemical interventions in the printing process to produce unique photographic objects. Sudre, Brihat and Cordier are important to the history of photography because their work questions the mainstream practices of 20th century analog photography. They do this by transforming conventional photographic materials into non-conventional images, and by being active agents in the creation of these images. Sudre’s, Brihat’s and Cordier’s works bring questions about photographic materiality back into the critical discussion of what defines photography. I intend to investigate how the nature of photographic materiality has been addressed during significant periods and movements in the history of photography before Sudre, Brihat and Cordier did their work, in order to understand how and why their approach is innovative and important.

scholarly journals DENIS BRIHAT PIERRE CORDIER JEAN-PIERRE SUDRE: a European experiment

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raquel Moliterna
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Critical Discussion ◽  
History Of Photography ◽  
Printing Process ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Creation

The most evident aspect that the photographic works of Pierre Cordier, Denis Brihat and Jean-Pierre Sudre have in common is their use of chemical interventions in the printing process to produce unique photographic objects. Sudre, Brihat and Cordier are important to the history of photography because their work questions the mainstream practices of 20th century analog photography. They do this by transforming conventional photographic materials into non-conventional images, and by being active agents in the creation of these images. Sudre’s, Brihat’s and Cordier’s works bring questions about photographic materiality back into the critical discussion of what defines photography. I intend to investigate how the nature of photographic materiality has been addressed during significant periods and movements in the history of photography before Sudre, Brihat and Cordier did their work, in order to understand how and why their approach is innovative and important.

scholarly journals A short history of ocean acidification science in the 20th century: a chemist's view

2013 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 7411-7422 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. G. Brewer
Keyword(s):  
Ocean Acidification ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Fossil Fuel ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
History Of ◽  
Chemical Knowledge ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Ph Scale ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. This review covers the development of ocean acidification science, with an emphasis on the creation of ocean chemical knowledge, through the course of the 20th century. This begins with the creation of the pH scale by Sørensen in 1909 and ends with the widespread knowledge of the impact of the "High CO2 Ocean" by then well underway as the trajectory along the IPCC scenario pathways continues. By mid-century the massive role of the ocean in absorbing fossil fuel CO2 was known to specialists, but not appreciated by the greater scientific community. By the end of the century the trade-offs between the beneficial role of the ocean in absorbing some 90% of all heat created, and the accumulation of some 50% of all fossil fuel CO2 emitted, and the impacts on marine life were becoming more clear. This paper documents the evolution of knowledge throughout this period.

scholarly journals Underground imaginations, environmental crisis and subterranean cultural geographies

2019 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harriet Hawkins
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Research Collaboration ◽  
Environmental Crisis ◽  
Environmental Concerns ◽  
Practice Based Research ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Creation ◽  
A Site ◽  
Do So

It is claimed that our current environmental crisis is one of the imaginations: we are in desperate need of new means to understand relations between humans and their environment. The underground was once central to the evolution of Western environmental imaginations. Yet, this has waned throughout the 20th century as eyes and minds turned up and out. After outlining some of the history of the underground as a site from which to evolve environmental imaginations, the article will explore how the underground might propagate environmental imaginations fit for pressing contemporary environmental concerns. It will do so using examples of three caves evolved through an ongoing arts practice-based research collaboration with artist Flora Parrott. Exploring these three caves, I will explore how the underground offers a powerful site for doing the imaginative work that our current environmental crisis requires, focusing in particular on the challenges of engaging lively earths and deep times (pasts and futures) that have become commonplace in the Anthropocene. To close, the article begins to reflect on the possibilities of collaborative creative geographies as a means to rethink the idea of the imagination within geography, as not just something that might be studied but that these creative practices might enable the creation of much-needed new imaginations.

The Interior of Newly Renovated St. John’s Museum in Nepomuk as Seen through the Eyes of its Employees

2016 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
pp. 38-44
Author(s):  
Kateřina Dobrovolná
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Present Status ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Critical Study ◽  
Semistructured Interviews ◽  
History Of ◽  
Museum Staff ◽  
The Creation

Saint John’s Museum in Nepomuk, which is dedicated to the Saint of the same name (who was a local native), was reopened in March 2015. It’s original name was the Museum of St. John’s and other religious monuments and the museum was founded in 1930 by Father Jan Strnad. The institution was subsequently closed in the mid-20th Century. The study cursorily reveals the history of the Museum and the overall history and architecture of the building, where the Museum is located and its present status and particularly the reconstruction and the equipment of the Museum’s interior from the point of view of the Museum’s employees, specifically in regard to any problematical display cases. Three semistructured interviews were conducted with people who had contributed to the Museum in varying degrees, focused on the reconstruction of the Museum. This critical study can be of service not only to the Museum staff but also for other professionals from this area during the reconstruction of exhibitions or the creation of new ones.

From Blubber and Baleen to Buddha of the Deep: The Rise of the Metaphysical Whale

2012 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank Zelko
Keyword(s):  
Cultural History ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Large Carnivores ◽  
Theme Parks ◽  
Nonhuman Animals ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Creation ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Specific Species ◽  
Western Democracies

Abstract Human attitudes to various nonhuman animals have varied considerably across cultures and throughout time. While some of our responses are undoubtedly instinctive and universal—a visceral fear of large carnivores or the feeling of spontaneous warmth for creatures exhibiting high degrees of neoteny—it is clear that our attitude toward specific species is largely shaped by our innate anthropomorphism: that is, when we think about animals, we are also thinking about ourselves. There are few better examples of this than the shifting attitudes toward whales and dolphins throughout the 20th century, particularly among citizens of Western democracies. This article narrates the cultural history of this development and demonstrates how the current enchantment with whales and dolphins is primarily the result of two broad—and related—cultural developments: the modern entertainment complex, particularly cinema, television, and aquatic theme parks; and the 1960s counterculture, with its potent blend of holistic ecology, speculative neuroscience, and mysticism. The result was the creation of what we might think of as the “metaphysical whale,” a creature who has inspired the abolitionist stance toward whaling.

scholarly journals O SIQUEIRISMO NO CONTEXTO DAS FORMAS POLÍTICAS DE DOMINAÇÃO NO BRASIL

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 783
Author(s):  
Sandoval Antunes de Souza
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Late 20Th Century ◽  
Political Group ◽  
Palabras Clave ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Brazilian History ◽  
Siglo Xx

O siqueirismo se tornou um derivativo de uma palavra que era comum desde a criação do Estado nos meios políticos. Com a configuração de um grupo político praticamente hegemônico no Tocantins, os políticos, sejam deputados, prefeitos, vereadores e senadores ligados ao grupo de Siqueira Campos eram chamados de siqueiristas. Desta forma objetivamos fazer uma análise do siqueirismo comparativamente a outras formas de dominação, na perspectiva weberiana, no Brasil contemporâneo. O interesse é pontuar, em um recorte deliberado de algumas formas de poder que possam servir à percepção do que é o siqueirismo no Tocantins e compará-lo com outros personagens da política brasileira na segunda metade do século XX.   PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Tocantins; siqueirismo; dominação; política.     ABSTRACT Siqueirism has become a derivative of a word that was common in political circles since the creation of Tocantins state. With the configuration of a practically homogeneous political group in Tocantins, the politicians that were affiliated to Siqueira Campos were called “siqueiristas”, whether they were congressmen, mayors, councilman or senators. Thus, we aim to make an analysis of siqueirismo with respect to other forms of domination in contemporary Brazil using a Weberian perspective. Our interest is to point which forms of power can be used to built a perception of what is siqueirism and compare it to other political characters from Brazilian history of the mid-late 20th century.   KEYWORDS: Tocantins; siqueirism; domination; politics.     RESUMEN El siqueirismo se convirtió en un derivado de una palabra que era común desde la creación del Estado en los círculos políticos. Con la configuración de un grupo político prácticamente hegemónica en Tocantins, los políticos son diputados, alcaldes, concejales y senadores vinculados al grupo de Siqueira Campos fueron llamados siqueiristas. De esta manera se pretende analizar la siqueirismo en comparación con otras formas de dominación, en la perspectiva de Weber, en el Brasil contemporáneo. El interés es anotar en un corte deliberado de algunas formas de poder que puede servir a la percepción de lo que se siqueirismo en Tocantins y compararlo con otros personajes de la política brasileña en la segunda mitad del siglo XX.     PALABRAS CLAVE: Tocantins; Siqueirismo; Dominación; Política.

scholarly journals Komunistyczna Partia Zachodniej Ukrainy i tzw. proces łucki

2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 101-113
Author(s):  
Łukasz Bojko
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Communist Party ◽  
Political Party ◽  
Court Records ◽  
Western Ukraine ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Autonomous Movement

COMMUNIST PARTY OF WESTERN UKRAINE AND THE SO-CALLED LUCK TRIALCommunist Party of Poland KPP, operating within the territory of the Second Polish Republic, displayed strong racially-motivated separatist tendencies, which lead to the creation of the Commu­nist Party of Western Ukraine KPZU — an autonomous movement operating within the KPP struc­tures. In the mid-thirties of 20th century KPZU activists were put in the dock in the so-called Luck trial, the most prominent trial of communists in pre-war Poland. Drawing mainly upon court records, the author presents the history of this marginal political party and describes the Luck trial.

scholarly journals Traditions in the Discussions about the obrabotvane of Folklore in the Avtorski Pesni v Naroden Duh from Bulgaria

Arts ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 89 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lozanka Peycheva
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Michel Foucault ◽  
Critical Discussion ◽  
Folk Songs ◽  
Musical Culture ◽  
Critical Attention ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Creation ◽  
The 1950S ◽  
Rich History

The avtorski pesni v naroden duh (authored songs in folk spirit) are a modern and multifaceted phenomenon, which has accumulated a rich history in Bulgarian musical culture. This research presents the essential characteristics of these songs and a two-part typology (1. authorized/avtorizirani folk songs; 2. newly composed songs ‘in folk spirit’), which is based on both models of authorship (according to Michel Foucault, authorial function is manifested in two basic forms of authorship—plagiarism and appropriation). This study provides an overview of some of the thematic debates that attempt to resolve the inevitable contradictions and tensions surrounding songwriting in folk spirit. The avtorski pesni v naroden duh have attracted the critical attention of Bulgarian musicians and society and have been the subject of lively discussions, criticisms, and controversy in numerous publications from the first decades of the 20th century to the present. This survey offers different perspectives, opinions and arguments focused on one of the main discussion topics related to the creation and functioning of the avtorski pesni v naroden duh: pro and contra the obrabotvane (transformation, polishing, processing, cultivation) of folklore. This problem has been at the heart of intellectual discussions since the 1930s and during the 1950s–1980s. The critical discussion of the question pro and contra the obrabotvane of folklore, with its whole inconsistency, complexity and impossibility to be reduced to unambiguous answers, leads to sharp confrontations between the holders of different opinions.

MODERN TIBETAN GRAMMARS

2018 ◽  
pp. 181-196
Author(s):  
Maria Smirnova ◽  
◽  
Julia Lebedeva ◽  
Pavel Grokhovskiy ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
China And India ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Grammatical Tradition

The article presents an experience of studying contemporary Tibetan grammar works, most of which were published in China and India between 1962 and 2010. The Tibetan grammatical tradition dates back to the first grammatical treatises of Sum cu pa and Rtags kyi ‘jug pa. These grammars founded the tradition of the Tibetan grammatical description, which was developed by authors of numerous commentaries until the 20th century. The article describes the history of the creation the first two grammatical treatises, their content and structure. The article also gives a description of the development of linguistic thought by later commentators. Modern grammars are classified on different principles — according to the methods of describing the Tibetan language, main subjects, strength of connection with the grammatical tradition of the first treatises etc.

Television and Public Service: A Brief History1

2018 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Public Service ◽  
Public Interest ◽  
The Public ◽  
Public Service Broadcasting ◽  
Broadcasting Policy ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Creation ◽  
The Uk ◽  
British Culture

This chapter traces the history of public service television. The history of British public service broadcasting policy in the 20th century is characterized by a series of very deliberate public interventions into what might otherwise have developed as a straightforward commercial marketplace. The creation of the BBC, the launch of an ITV network required to produce public service programming, and the addition of the highly idiosyncratic Channel 4 gave the UK a television ecology animated by quality, breadth of programming and an orientation towards serving the public interest. At each of these three moments, the possibilities of public service television were expanded and British culture enriched as a result. The 1990 Broadcasting Act and the fair wind given to multichannel services may have ended the supremacy of the public service television ideal. However, public service television has survived, through the design of the institutions responsible for it, because of legislative protection, and as a result of its continuing popularity amongst the public.

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