scholarly journals Evaluation of the positional accuracy of subsurface utilities

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vijayaluxmy Santhakumar
Keyword(s):  
Construction Projects ◽  
Positional Accuracy ◽  
Right Of Way ◽  
Underground Infrastructure ◽  
New Construction ◽  
Utility Information ◽  
Initial Source ◽  
The Right ◽  
The City ◽  
Source Of Information

Since WWII, the urban underworlds have become a web of utility lines, including telecommunication lines, buried electricity lines, gas mains, watermains, cable TV, fiber optic cables, street lighting, and storm and sanitary sewers. From preliminary design stages to breaking ground on new construction projects; owners, designers, engineers, and contractors rely on existing underground utility records as an initial source of information. There is a constant need for underground utility information and most of the city's existing utility records are not only irretrievable, but are also out-of-date. According to research done in the past, records and visible feature surveys by site are a significant percentage off the mark and, in some cases, considerably worse. This study focuses on the evaluation of the positional accuracy of subsurface utilities within seven projects, within the City of Toronto, using an offset approach. It also aims to reveal the magnitude of the problem surrounding the obtainment, analyzation, and interpretation of information with respect to underground infrastructure facilities. None of the projects show any relationship or correlation with positional accuracy and the factors that are thought to affect the accuracy of underground utility information (e.g. type of soil, type of utility, date of installation, right-of-way, etc.). The analysis indicates a clear indication of no systematic patterns between the right-of-way parameters and utility type parameters. Based on the results of this study it can be stated that the process of obtaining subsurface utility information is still a time-consuming, inefficient, costly, and difficult process.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the positional accuracy of subsurface utilities

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vijayaluxmy Santhakumar
Keyword(s):  
Construction Projects ◽  
Positional Accuracy ◽  
Right Of Way ◽  
Underground Infrastructure ◽  
New Construction ◽  
Utility Information ◽  
Initial Source ◽  
The Right ◽  
The City ◽  
Source Of Information

Since WWII, the urban underworlds have become a web of utility lines, including telecommunication lines, buried electricity lines, gas mains, watermains, cable TV, fiber optic cables, street lighting, and storm and sanitary sewers. From preliminary design stages to breaking ground on new construction projects; owners, designers, engineers, and contractors rely on existing underground utility records as an initial source of information. There is a constant need for underground utility information and most of the city's existing utility records are not only irretrievable, but are also out-of-date. According to research done in the past, records and visible feature surveys by site are a significant percentage off the mark and, in some cases, considerably worse. This study focuses on the evaluation of the positional accuracy of subsurface utilities within seven projects, within the City of Toronto, using an offset approach. It also aims to reveal the magnitude of the problem surrounding the obtainment, analyzation, and interpretation of information with respect to underground infrastructure facilities. None of the projects show any relationship or correlation with positional accuracy and the factors that are thought to affect the accuracy of underground utility information (e.g. type of soil, type of utility, date of installation, right-of-way, etc.). The analysis indicates a clear indication of no systematic patterns between the right-of-way parameters and utility type parameters. Based on the results of this study it can be stated that the process of obtaining subsurface utility information is still a time-consuming, inefficient, costly, and difficult process.

Of Slaving Blacks and Democratic Whites

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chris Myers Asch ◽  
George Derek Musgrove
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Construction Projects ◽  
The United States ◽  
Basic Unit ◽  
Political Leaders ◽  
Southern City ◽  
The Right ◽  
Public Construction ◽  
The City ◽  
Fully Functioning

This chapter describes the founding of Washington, D.C., as the capital of the United States. The area that became Washington was a fully functioning slave society, and the city that grew atop those fields incorporated slavery into every aspect of life. From its inception Washington embodied the contradiction endemic to America itself, the paradoxical juxtaposition of freedom and slavery that bedeviled the nation and ultimately led to the Civil War. Enslaved people worked on public construction projects, they were bought and sold within sight of the Capitol, they drove the hacks that crisscrossed the city, and they waited on the men who ran the nation. Early Washington was a Southern city that was immersed in slavery and benefited immensely from it. Another contradiction embedded into the fabric of the city was that its citizens lacked democracy’s basic unit of currency: the right to vote. The city became a political colony, a district whose fate rested not with the local people who called it home but with the national political leaders who resided there temporarily.

History of the Torre Latinoamericana

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Beckhart
Keyword(s):  
Mexico City ◽  
Construction Projects ◽  
Historic District ◽  
Care Needs ◽  
Building Projects ◽  
Education And Health ◽  
History Of ◽  
New Construction ◽  
Historic City ◽  
The City

Historians have extensively explored the topic of architecture in Mexico City in the 20th century. From the relationships between politics, public patrons, new construction technologies, and new idioms of modernism, the impressive story of architecture in this megalopolis continues to astound and captivate people’s imaginations. Architecture was a channel that politicians used to address housing, education, and health care needs in a rapidly growing city. Yet scholars have not been especially concerned with private construction projects and their influence on the process of shaping and being shaped by the visual representation of Mexico City. Private building projects reveal an alternative reality of the city—one not envisioned by politicians and public institutions. Private construction projects in the historic city center are particularly interesting due to their location. These buildings are built on ancient clay lakebeds and volcanic soil on which the Aztecs first built the city. Not only are these buildings located in the heart of the city, the buildings in the rest of the historic district are also sinking. Any building in a historic district that has withstood the test of time should be an object of interest to scholars. The Torre Latinoamericana is perhaps the only building in the historic district and the entire city that ceases to sink, and instead floats! Located on the corner of Madero and San Juan de Letrán, the building sits at the heart of history, culture, and ancient Aztec clay lakebeds. The Torre Latinoamericana was built between 1948 and 1956 and is one of the most important visual symbols of resilience and modernity in Mexico City today.

scholarly journals ANALISIS KARAKTERISTIK DAN KEBUTUHAN PARKIR TERMINAL KARGO DI KOTA DENPASAR

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nyoman Gery Arishandi ◽  
P. Alit Suthanaya ◽  
D.M. Priyantha Wedagama
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Data ◽  
Characteristic Analysis ◽  
City Center ◽  
Right Of Way ◽  
Traffic Jams ◽  
Loading And Unloading ◽  
Inventory Survey ◽  
The Right ◽  
The City

Abstract: Cargo Terminal which has 70 units space is holding control of freight passing through the city center and as a place of loading and unloading of goods vehicles which do not have a warehouse. However, the activity of loading and unloading of goods is still widely practiced in the right of way which causes traffic jams. This triggers the Denpasar government to develop Terminal Kargo Denpasar  so as to supply the demand for parking and loading and unloading activities. The purpose of this study was to analyze the characteristics of the parking and future parking needs in developing Terminal Kargo Denpasar  . The method used to obtain data through direct surveys such as  inventory survey and survey cordon parking and secondary data obtained from the relevant agencies. The analysis shows the volume of parking of vehicles is 44,5 vehicles / hour, parking capacity is 36 vehicles / hour, parking supply as much as 372 vehicles and 4 for Parking Index that indicates there has been a problem of parking in the Terminal Cargo Denpasar. It is show Terminal Kargo Denpasar  has been unable to supply activity goods vehicles. The amount of the parking requirements for development of Terminal Kargo based on parking characteristic analysis are 101 spaces.

Concrete Conflicts: The Vicissitudes of an Ordinary Material in Modernizing Gaza City

2020 ◽  
pp. 009614422098303
Author(s):  
Fatina Abreek-Zubiedat ◽  
Tom Avermaete
Keyword(s):  
Urban History ◽  
Construction Projects ◽  
Self Determination ◽  
Public Project ◽  
Conflict Zones ◽  
Palestinian Refugees ◽  
The Right ◽  
The City ◽  
Conflicting Discourses

Working within the field of architecture in conflict zones, this article discusses two construction projects that heavily relied on concrete in Gaza city to reveal a collision between concrete’s reformative capacity in processes of modernization and the Israeli occupier’s agenda of “reformation” by concrete. The Israeli-designed and constructed Sheikh Radwan neighborhood was intended to rehabilitate Palestinian refugees and was supposed to silence their demands for the right to return. The Rashad A-Shawa Cultural Centre in Gaza, by contrast, was Gazan a public project that reflected the modernization of the city and attempted to reform its people out of a belief in architecture’s role in giving shape to the Palestinians’ struggle for national self-determination. The two juxtaposed cases highlight the centrality of concrete to Gaza’s urban history but also its conflicting discourses of modernization.

scholarly journals Analysis of surveying and legal problems in granting right-of-way and expropriation for the purpose of locating technical infrastructure

2016 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Trembecka
Keyword(s):  
Transmission Lines ◽  
Legal Regulations ◽  
Real Property ◽  
Right Of Way ◽  
Legal Provisions ◽  
Legal Problems ◽  
Legal Forms ◽  
Transmission Right ◽  
The Right ◽  
The City

Abstract A condition which determines the location of technical infrastructure is an entrepreneur holding the right to use the property for construction purposes. Currently, there are parallel separate legal forms allowing the use of a real property for the purpose of locating transmission lines, i.e. transmission easement (right-of-way) established under the civil law and expropriation by limiting the rights to a property under the administrative law. The aim of the study is to compare these forms conferring the right to use real properties and to analyze the related surveying and legal problems occurring in practice. The research thesis of the article is ascertainment that the current legal provisions for establishing legal titles to a property in order to locate transmission lines need to be amended. The conducted study regarded legal conditions, extent of expropriation and granting right-of-way in the city of Krakow, as well as the problems associated with the ambiguous wording of the legal regulations. Part of the research was devoted to the form of rights to land in order to carry out similar projects in some European countries (France, Czech Republic, Germany, Sweden). The justification for the analysis of these issues is dictated by the scale of practical use of the aforementioned forms of rights to land in order to locate technical infrastructure. Over the period of 2011-2014, 651 agreements were concluded on granting transmission right-of-way for 967 cadastral parcels owned by the city of Krakow, and 105 expropriation decisions were issued, limiting the use of real properties in Krakow.

scholarly journals Archeological Excavation and Reburial of Unmarked Historic Graves in the Pioneer Cemetary (41BO202), Brazoria County, Texas

2003 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
African American ◽  
Young Woman ◽  
Department Of Transportation ◽  
Older Woman ◽  
Right Of Way ◽  
State Highway ◽  
Texas Department ◽  
Late Nineteenth ◽  
The Right ◽  
The City

Three unmarked graves within the predominantly African American Pioneer Cemetery in the City of Brazoria (Brazoria County), Texas, were exhumed and reburied within the cemetery. The graves were located within the right of way of State Highway 332, and were found during an earlier search phase done in conjunction with a planned expansion of the highway. The burial excavations and reburial were done in March and April 2003, by Prewitt and Associates, Inc., for the Texas Department of Transportation (TxDOT). The graves contained the remains of three unknown individuals—a young woman (17–23 years old), an older woman (45–60 years old), and an infant (2–4 years old)—who died in the late nineteenth or early twentieth centuries.

ARCHAEOLOGICAL INVESTIGATIONS IN THE NORTHERN PORTION OF ANCIENT TULA

2021 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 118-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernando Getino Granados
Keyword(s):  
Administrative Structure ◽  
Previous Evidence ◽  
Right Of Way ◽  
Ancient City ◽  
Northern Portion ◽  
Pedestrian Survey ◽  
The Right ◽  
Multi Phase ◽  
The City ◽  
Investigation Strategy

AbstractSalvage excavations along the right of way of a 2 km stretch of proposed highway crossing the northern part of the Postclassic city of Tula, Hidalgo utilized a multi-phase investigation strategy, featuring pedestrian survey and exploratory test-pitting. This fieldwork led to extensive excavation in five localities, which uncovered significant portions of both elite and non-elite residential compounds, a possible administrative structure, and two temples, one of which is the earliest example of a twin temple pyramid in western Mesoamerica. The diversity of structures and corresponding functions encountered in excavation are comparable to those found in previous excavations that suggest the city was organized into barrios, each with its own political, religious, social, and other institutions that mimic those of the larger urban polity. While these investigations confirm previous evidence of considerable destruction of the ancient city in recent decades, they also demonstrate that significant portions are still intact.

scholarly journals Delay Factors in Reconstruction Projects: A Case Study of Mataf Expansion Project

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 4772 ◽  
Author(s):  
Basem Khatib ◽  
Yap Poh ◽  
Ahmed El-Shafie
Keyword(s):  
Construction Projects ◽  
Project Managers ◽  
Time Cost ◽  
Cultural Sustainability ◽  
Five Factors ◽  
New Construction ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
The City ◽  
Construction Works

Delays in construction projects are a common phenomenon throughout the industry. This problem has many negative impacts on the time, cost, and sustainability of the projects. Many studies were conducted to identify the main causes of this delay in new construction projects in different regions but very few studies have focused on finding an explanation for the causes of delay in major reconstruction projects that have great religious and cultural sustainability. This paper examines the factors that contributed to work delays in one of the most major reconstruction projects that took place recently in the Middle East, which is namely the Mataf Expansion Project in the city of Mecca, Saudi Arabia. Fourteen interviews were conducted with project managers, construction managers, and senior site engineers to identify the factors that they encountered and led to the delay in the reconstruction activities of this project. Some of the findings were consistent and similar to most other causes of delay that are associated with new construction projects. However, interestingly, this research has discovered the existence of other unavoidable factors that caused a delay and should be considered for any similar reconstruction projects. The results showed that these factors could be divided into two groups: the first one is related to the demolition phase (five factors) and the second group is related to construction works (nine factors). In addition, it has been observed that the building material during the reconstruction is considered one of the major delaying factors. Finally, these 14 delay factors should be carefully considered to assure the sustainability of the main object’s function during the reconstruction activities.

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