scholarly journals Reducing Operating Cost With Anammox In Wastewater Treatment -- A Simulation Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eliav J. Eini
Keyword(s):  
Total Nitrogen ◽  
Simulation Study ◽  
Operating Cost ◽  
Operational Strategies ◽  
Reduce Operating Cost ◽  
Start Up ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Plant Simulation ◽  
Biological Nitrogen ◽  
Anammox Process

A simulation study is presented to investigate the use of the Anammox process for removing nitrogen compounds from wastewater to reduce operating cost. The literature review of technologies for removal of Total Nitrogen includes an overview of the biological nitrogen cycle, the discovery of Anammox, bioreactor design, operational strategies, and start-up of full-scale processes. A facility of 656 MLD with influent loading of 35 mg/L as NH3-N and 250 mg/L as BOD is used as a basis of the simulation study. Preliminary bioreactor sizing calculations are developed for six configurations. Subsequently, eight whole-plant simulation cases are compared to demonstrate operational savings for removal of Total Nitrogen. For the sample facility, this is shown to be on the order of $460 to $680K/year while attaining 66-70% Total Nitrogen removal and reduced greenhouse gas emissions by 2 kt CO2/year. The project concludes with ideas about future development of the Anammox process.

scholarly journals Reducing Operating Cost With Anammox In Wastewater Treatment -- A Simulation Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eliav J. Eini
Keyword(s):  
Total Nitrogen ◽  
Simulation Study ◽  
Operating Cost ◽  
Operational Strategies ◽  
Reduce Operating Cost ◽  
Start Up ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Plant Simulation ◽  
Biological Nitrogen ◽  
Anammox Process

A simulation study is presented to investigate the use of the Anammox process for removing nitrogen compounds from wastewater to reduce operating cost. The literature review of technologies for removal of Total Nitrogen includes an overview of the biological nitrogen cycle, the discovery of Anammox, bioreactor design, operational strategies, and start-up of full-scale processes. A facility of 656 MLD with influent loading of 35 mg/L as NH3-N and 250 mg/L as BOD is used as a basis of the simulation study. Preliminary bioreactor sizing calculations are developed for six configurations. Subsequently, eight whole-plant simulation cases are compared to demonstrate operational savings for removal of Total Nitrogen. For the sample facility, this is shown to be on the order of $460 to $680K/year while attaining 66-70% Total Nitrogen removal and reduced greenhouse gas emissions by 2 kt CO2/year. The project concludes with ideas about future development of the Anammox process.

Whole plant simulation study on load rejection transient of CPR1000 employing advanced Mechanical Shim strategy

2020 ◽  
Vol 142 ◽  
pp. 107397
Author(s):  
Shifa Wu ◽  
Xu Yan ◽  
Xinyu Wei ◽  
Fuyu Zhao ◽  
Shripad Revankar
Keyword(s):  
Simulation Study ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Plant Simulation

Whole life costing: application to water distribution network

2003 ◽  
Vol 3 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 87-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Engelhardt ◽  
D. Savic ◽  
P. Skipworth ◽  
A. Cashman ◽  
A. Saul ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Network Management ◽  
Asset Management ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Distribution Network ◽  
Operating Cost ◽  
Water Distribution Network ◽  
Activity Based Costing ◽  
Operational Strategies ◽  
Long Term Impact ◽  
Whole Life Costing

There is an increasing pressure from the economic regulator in England and Wales for water companies to ensure that their capital maintenance decisions reflect an understanding of the long-term impact on their operational costs and risks. This implies that decisions must not only reflect the costs borne now but the likely costs in the future, and how these might be optimised. It is noteworthy that within the construction and transport industries, asset management decisions which have been driven in this direction utilise a whole life costing (WLC) methodology. This paper addresses the implications of transferring the concept of WLC to service-based assets such as water systems. A WLC approach to distribution network management aims to achieve the lowest network provision and operating cost when all costs are considered to achieve standards enforced by regulation. Cognisance is to be taken of all relevant costs - direct and indirect, private and societal - in order to balance the needs of the service supplier, the customer, society and the environment in a sustainable manner. A WLC analysis thus attempts to develop a cost profile over the life of the asset. Accounting for the costs over this period is achieved through a combination of activity based costing (ABC) and a life cycle assessment (LCA) used to identify potential social and environmental costs. This process means that each of these identified costs must be linked to some physical parameter that itself varies over time due to changing demands on the system, the different operational strategies available to the operator and natural deterioration of the fabric of the system. The links established between the cost and activities of the operator provide the basis for the development of a WLC decision tool (WiLCO) for application to water distribution network management.

A fast start-up of the organotrophic anammox process inoculated with constructed wetland sediment

2019 ◽  
Vol 138 ◽  
pp. 454-460 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xuejiao Yin ◽  
Jun Zhai ◽  
Wei Hu ◽  
Yue Li ◽  
Md. Hasibur Rahaman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Constructed Wetland ◽  
Wetland Sediment ◽  
Start Up ◽  
Fast Start ◽  
Anammox Process

scholarly journals Computing operation procedures for chemical plants using whole-plant simulation models

2021 ◽  
Vol 114 ◽  
pp. 104878
Author(s):  
Shumpei Kubosawa ◽  
Takashi Onishi ◽  
Yoshimasa Tsuruoka
Keyword(s):  
Simulation Models ◽  
Chemical Plants ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Plant Simulation

Procedural Automation of Ethane Recovery to Rejection in NGL Trains

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Subhendu Sengupta ◽  
Vincent Goveas
Keyword(s):  
Human Error ◽  
Continuous Process ◽  
Operating Cost ◽  
Operating Efficiency ◽  
Successful Implementation ◽  
Mode Change ◽  
Batch Operation ◽  
Training Tool ◽  
Gas Processing ◽  
Start Up

Abstract This paper is based on successful implementation of procedural automation of Ethane (C2) recovery - rejection mode change using Yokogawa's Exapilot software, wherein ADNONC Gas Processing Habshan 5 & Sulphur management approved the implementation based on similar success of the Sulphur Recover Unit start-up/shutdown procedural automation & company's drive for digitalisation. Scope was to develop modules for automating C2 Recovery /Rejection change over procedure in NGL unit using M/s Yokogawa Exapilot software. These automated procedures aimed to standardize said mode change over operations by incorporating the operating know how and the expertise of skilled-experienced operators into the Exapilot system as a set of Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) that are executed in right operating sequence for enhanced operating efficiency. Two main procedures & associated modules were designed, engineered and built using Exapilot to enable single-click change over automation for NGL units. Those were validated with operation and deployed in the Exapilot Server and were integrated with the Operator Consoles (HIS) for access, and was supplemented with operator training. Ethane Recovery to Rejection Mode Change Ethane Rejection to Recovery Mode Change Besides standardization and reduced change over time, this improved the critical asset integrity and lifespan of NGL section equipment by advocating systematic operations. Following benefits including major take away from this project: ➢ Standardized the mode change-over procedures & minimized human error by the digitalization of paper documentation procedures into electronic workflow process. Procedural Automation like Exapilot is powerful tool for digital transformation of batch/discrete operation like unit/equipment start-up/shutdown or grade/mode change over. ➢ Reduced inherent delay due to manual change over. Hence, minimizing the loss-opportunities & operating cost. Besides this tool can be used as training tool (when used in offline mode) which help operator succession plan & effective knowledge transfer ➢ Automated critical operation such as temperature/flow ramping, improved equipment integrity and prolonged equipment life. Procedural Automation using Exapilot thus can improve operation efficiency, asset integrity, equipment or material life span This paper presents a success story of procedural automation of batch operation in continuation of similar success in SRU start-up & shutdown automation. This tool along with proper integration work with DCS, has opened door for automation/digitalization in batch operation in continuous process not only in other sites of ADNOC Gas Processing and other ADNOC Group Companies but also in other industries that helps companies to enhance efficiency and fulfil their digitalization journey. Though Exapilot software belongs to M/s Yokogawa, however other DCS systems have similar software such as Honeywell DCS EPKS has E-procedure for procedural automation.

Fast start-up and reactivation of anammox process using polyurethane sponge

2021 ◽  
pp. 108249
Author(s):  
Zhenghua Peng ◽  
Yongfei Lei ◽  
Yanmei Liu ◽  
Xing Wan ◽  
Benqin Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Start Up ◽  
Fast Start ◽  
Polyurethane Sponge ◽  
Anammox Process

Validation of MISES Two-Dimensional Boundary Layer Code for High-Pressure Turbine Aerodynamic Design

2009 ◽  
Vol 131 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip L. Andrew ◽  
Harika S. Kahveci
Keyword(s):  
Boundary Layer ◽  
High Pressure ◽  
Operating Cost ◽  
Design Tool ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Aerodynamic Design ◽  
High Pressure Turbine ◽  
Reduce Operating Cost ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Dimensional Boundary

Avoiding aerodynamic separation and excessive shock losses in gas turbine turbomachinery components can reduce fuel usage and thus reduce operating cost. In order to achieve this, blading designs should be made robust to a wide range of operating conditions. Consequently, a design tool is needed—one that can be executed quickly for each of many operating conditions and on each of several design sections, which will accurately capture loss, turning, and loading. This paper presents the validation of a boundary layer code, MISES, versus experimental data from a 2D linear cascade approximating the performance of a moderately loaded mid-pitch section from a modern aircraft high-pressure turbine. The validation versus measured loading, turning, and total pressure loss is presented for a range of exit Mach numbers from ≈0.5 to 1.2 and across a range of incidence from −10 deg to +14.5 deg relative to design incidence.

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