scholarly journals Strong Sour Tamarind Flavor of Methyl-2,3,4- trihydroxyhexanoate, a new compound isolated from Leaves of Tamarindus indica, L. plays a role in plant defense mechanisms

2012 ◽  
pp. 26-44
Author(s):  
Suprana Biswas ◽  
Nabanita Chakraborty ◽  
Supriya Chakraborty
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Plant Defense ◽  
Inhibitory Activity ◽  
Defense Mechanisms ◽  
Defense Mechanism ◽  
Aspergillus Tamarii ◽  
Methanol Fraction ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Plant Defense Mechanism ◽  
Defensive Activity

Flavoring compounds of plants play a significant role in plant defense mechanism. Compound responsible for strong sour tamarind flavor has been isolated and identified from Methanol fraction of tamarind leaves (TrMF). Chromatographic and spectral analyses of TrMF revealed the compound to be methyl 2,3,4- trihydroxyhexanoate. This compound showed a strong antioxidant activity as well as strong antimicrobial activity. It showed significant antioxidant activity with Ic50 value of 2.5μg/ml whereas tert-butyl-1-hydroxytoluene and ascorbic acid revealed 26.0μg/ml and 5.0μg/ml, respectively. It also revealed strong inhibitory activity against Aspergellosis disease-causing fungi namely; Aspergillus fumigatus, Aspergillus tamarii and Aspergillus niger at all concentrations. Streptococcus aureus and Escherichia coli were much more sensitive to methyl-trihydroxy-hexanoate at all concentrations than Pseudomonas aeruginosa. This pure compound exhibited concentration dependent inhibitory and stimulatory activity on rice seeds germination and seedling growth. It showed strong inhibitory activity up to 62.5ppm concentration and below this concentration the effect was stimulatory. Methyl- trihydroxyhexanoate exhibited wide range of defensive activity against microbes and crop seeds and also possesses potent antioxidative activity. Thus play an important role in plant defense mechanism and can be utilized as a valuable source of bio-herbicides and pesticides.

scholarly journals A Mechanistic insight into chemical cues and interactions involved in herbivory induced jasmonate mediated plant defense mechanism

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qudsia Yousafi ◽  
Amina Hafeez ◽  
Muhammad Saad Khan ◽  
Shabana Bibi ◽  
Muhammad Ajmal Shah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Defense ◽  
Defense Mechanisms ◽  
Defense Mechanism ◽  
Salt Bridge ◽  
Structure Alignment ◽  
Interaction Partner ◽  
Allene Oxide ◽  
Important Amino Acid ◽  
Plant Defense Mechanism ◽  
Insect Attack

Abstract The first step in plant defense mechanism is to sense the insect attack stimulus. Plant sensitivity of an insect attack is the first step of defense. Molecules generated by the oral secretion of the insect interact with the plant receptors to trigger plant defense mechanisms. We selected some highly cited insect elicitors molecules, volicitin, caeliferin, bruchin which interact with plant defense by interacting with plant elicitors (systemin, inceptin and peps) located on the plant cell surface. This interaction activates plant receptors SYR1, LRR, PEPR and triggers downstream defense signaling. The octadecanoid pathways, involving enzymes allene oxide synthase (AOS) and Hydroxyperoxide lyase (HPL) are activated. These enzymes mediate production of green leafy volatiles and Jasmonic acid by interacting with hydroxperoxide molecules. We docked the elicitors with receptors and enzymes with substrates in the pathway of JA production. Phe was found to be an important amino acid that interacts with 13- hydroxyperoxides in the case of AOS to produce JA but not in the case of HPL. JA is converted to JA-Ile which shows strong binding with COI1 and COI1-JA-Ile complex docked with JAZ which showed strong interaction with five hydrogens and one salt bridge bond. AOS and HPL showed less than 40% identity for sequence and structure alignment. AOS and HPL had shown an interaction between each other and showed a common interaction partner of the Lipoxygenase family. HPL shows interaction with ADH2 (Alcohol dehydrogenase) involved in GLVs production. AOS also showed interaction partner AOC, COI1 and OPR1 which are involved in JA-induced plant defense mechanism.

scholarly journals In vitro activities of Acacia nilotica (L.) Delile bark fractions against Oral Bacteria, Glucosyltransferase and as antioxidant

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Mahmoud Muddathir ◽  
Ebtihal Abdalla M. Mohieldin ◽  
Tohru Mitsunaga
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Gallic Acid ◽  
Crude Extract ◽  
Inhibitory Activity ◽  
Oral Bacteria ◽  
Acacia Nilotica ◽  
Assay Method ◽  
Medicinal Uses ◽  
Wide Range

Abstract Background Dental caries and periodontal disease are the most common chronic infectious oral diseases in the world. Acacia nilotica was commonly known in Sudan as Garad or Sunt has a wide range of medicinal uses. In the present study, antibacterial activity of oral bacteria (Streptococcus sobrinus and Porphyromonas gingivalis), inhibitory activity against glucosyltransferase (GTF) enzyme and antioxidant activity were assayed for methanolic crude extract of A. nilotica bark and its fractions. Methods Methanoilc crude extract of A. nilotica bark was applied to a Sephadex LH-20 column and eluted with methanol, aqueous methanol, and finally aqueous acetone to obtain four fractions (Fr1- Fr4). Furthermore, the crude extract and fractions were subjected to analytical high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The crude extract and its fractions were assayed for antibacterial activity against S. sobrinus and P. gingivalis using a microplate dilution assay method to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC), as well as GTF inhibition and antioxidant activity using ABTS radical scavenging method. Results Fractions (Fr1 and Fr2) exhibited MIC values of 0.3 mg/ml against the P. gingivalis. Additionally, Fr2 displayed MBC value of 1 mg/ml against two types of bacteria. Fr4 showed an especially potent GTF inhibitory activity with IC50 value of 3.9 μg/ml. Fr1 displayed the best antioxidant activity with IC50 value of 1.8 μg/ml. The main compound in Fr1 was identified as gallic acid, and Fr2 was mostly a mixture of gallic acid and methyl gallate. Conclusions The results obtained in this study provide some scientific rationale and justify the use of this plant for the treatment of dental diseases in traditional medicine. A. nilotica bark, besides their antibacterial potentiality and GTF inhibitory activity, it may be used as adjuvant antioxidants in mouthwashes. Further studies in the future are required to identify the rest of the active compounds.

scholarly journals Efficiency of microbial bio-agents as elicitors in plant defense mechanism under biotic stress: A review

2021 ◽  
pp. 100054
Author(s):  
Andleeb Zehra ◽  
Namita Anant Raytekar ◽  
Mukesh Meena ◽  
Prashant Swapnil
Keyword(s):  
Plant Defense ◽  
Biotic Stress ◽  
Defense Mechanism ◽  
Plant Defense Mechanism

Review of Research on Fungal Pathogen Attack and Plant Defense Mechanism against Pathogen

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (8) ◽  
pp. 197-208 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raheleh Dehgahi ◽  
Sreeramanan Subramaniam ◽  
Latiffah Zakaria ◽  
Alireza Joniyas ◽  
Farid Beiki Firouzjahi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Defense ◽  
Fungal Pathogen ◽  
Defense Mechanism ◽  
Plant Defense Mechanism ◽  
Pathogen Attack

Role of fungal elicitors in plant defense mechanism

2020 ◽  
pp. 143-158
Author(s):  
Zalak M. Patel ◽  
Rita Mahapatra ◽  
Siva Satya Mohan Jampala
Keyword(s):  
Plant Defense ◽  
Defense Mechanism ◽  
Fungal Elicitors ◽  
Plant Defense Mechanism
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document