scholarly journals ENTOMOLOGICAL SURVEY OF MOSQUITO VECTORS OF LYMPHATIC FILARIASIS IN TALATAN-MAFARA AND TSAFE LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREAS OF ZAMFARA STATE, NIGERIA

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 207-216
Author(s):  
A. A. Aliyu ◽  
G. J. Sow ◽  
I. S. Ndams
Keyword(s):  
Local Government ◽  
Anopheles Gambiae ◽  
Lymphatic Filariasis ◽  
Culex Quinquefasciatus ◽  
Species Abundance ◽  
Anopheles Funestus ◽  
Wuchereria Bancrofti ◽  
Mosquito Vectors ◽  
Entomological Survey ◽  
Mosquito Collection

Entomological survey of mosquito vectors was carried out to determine species abundance and identify those responsible for the transmission of lymphatic filariasis in Talatan-mafara and Tsafe Local Government Areas of Zamfara State, Nigeria. Houses were randomly selected for mosquito collection. Aerosol (Baygon) was sprayed in the rooms to knockdown indoor resting mosquitoes. A total of 5,230 mosquitoes comprising of 3,104 females and 2,126 males were collected and 1,182 engorged females were dissected to isolate filarial worm, Wuchereria bancrofti. The species of mosquitoes encountered include Culex quinquefasciatus (84%), Anopheles funestus (10%) and Anopheles gambiae sl. (6%). The overall infection and infectivity rates of the mosquitoes with Wuchereria bancrofti were 1.86% and 1.44% respectively. The infection/infectivity rates of Culex quinquefasciatus, Anopheles funestus and Anopheles gambiae sl. were 1.01%/0.51%, 2.97%/2.97% and 4.54%/4.14% respectively.

Prevalence of Wuchereria bancrofti Infection in Mosquitoes from Pangani District, Northeastern Tanzania

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-34
Author(s):  
Godlisten S. Materu
Keyword(s):  
Anopheles Gambiae ◽  
Disease Burden ◽  
Mosquito Control ◽  
Anopheles Funestus ◽  
Wuchereria Bancrofti ◽  
Mosquito Vectors ◽  
Larval Stages ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Control Light ◽  
Susceptibility Profiles

Background: Wuchereria bancrofti is the most widely distributed of the 3 nematodes known to cause lymphatic filariasis, the other 2 being Brugia malayi and Brugia timori. Anopheles gambiae and Anopheles funestus are the main vectors. However, the relative contributions of mosquito vectors to disease burden and infectivity are becoming increasingly important in coastal East Africa, and this is particularly true in the urban and semiurban areas of Pangani District, Tanzania. Methods: Mosquitoes were sampled from 5 randomly selected villages of Pangani District, namely, Bweni, Madanga, Meka, Msaraza, and Pangani West. Sampling of mosquitoes was done using standard Centers for Disease Control light traps with incandescent light bulbs. The presence of W. bancrofti in mosquitoes was determined via polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays using NV1 and NV2 primers, and PoolScreen 2 software was used to determine the estimated rate of W. bancrofti infection in mosquitoes. Results: A total of 951 mosquitoes were collected, of which 99.36% were Culex quinquefasciatus, 0.32% were Anopheles gambiae, and 0.32% other Culex species. The estimated rate of W. bancrofti infection among these mosquitoes was 3.3%. Conclusion: This was the first study employing the use of PoolScreen PCR to detect W. bancrofti circulating in mosquito vectors in Pangani District, northeastern Tanzania. The presence of W. bancrofti infection suggests the possibility of infected humans in the area. The high abundance of Cx. quinquefasciatus calls for integrated mosquito control interventions to minimise the risk of W. bancrofti transmission to humans. Further research is required to gain an in-depth understanding of the W. bancrofti larval stages in mosquitoes, their drug sensitivity and susceptibility profiles, and their fecundity.

Prevalence of Wuchereria bancrofti Infection in Mosquitoes from Pangani District, Northeastern Tanzania

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-34
Author(s):  
Godlisten S. Materu
Keyword(s):  
Anopheles Gambiae ◽  
Disease Burden ◽  
Mosquito Control ◽  
Anopheles Funestus ◽  
Wuchereria Bancrofti ◽  
Mosquito Vectors ◽  
Larval Stages ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Control Light ◽  
Susceptibility Profiles

Background: Wuchereria bancrofti is the most widely distributed of the 3 nematodes known to cause lymphatic filariasis, the other 2 being Brugia malayi and Brugia timori. Anopheles gambiae and Anopheles funestus are the main vectors. However, the relative contributions of mosquito vectors to disease burden and infectivity are becoming increasingly important in coastal East Africa, and this is particularly true in the urban and semiurban areas of Pangani District, Tanzania. Methods: Mosquitoes were sampled from 5 randomly selected villages of Pangani District, namely, Bweni, Madanga, Meka, Msaraza, and Pangani West. Sampling of mosquitoes was done using standard Centers for Disease Control light traps with incandescent light bulbs. The presence of W. bancrofti in mosquitoes was determined via polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays using NV1 and NV2 primers, and PoolScreen 2 software was used to determine the estimated rate of W. bancrofti infection in mosquitoes. Results: A total of 951 mosquitoes were collected, of which 99.36% were Culex quinquefasciatus, 0.32% were Anopheles gambiae, and 0.32% other Culex species. The estimated rate of W. bancrofti infection among these mosquitoes was 3.3%. Conclusion: This was the first study employing the use of PoolScreen PCR to detect W. bancrofti circulating in mosquito vectors in Pangani District, northeastern Tanzania. The presence of W. bancrofti infection suggests the possibility of infected humans in the area. The high abundance of Cx. quinquefasciatus calls for integrated mosquito control interventions to minimise the risk of W. bancrofti transmission to humans. Further research is required to gain an in-depth understanding of the W. bancrofti larval stages in mosquitoes, their drug sensitivity and susceptibility profiles, and their fecundity.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Wuchereria bancrofti Infection in Mosquitoes from Pangani District, Northeastern Tanzania

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-34
Author(s):  
Godlisten S. Materu
Keyword(s):  
Anopheles Gambiae ◽  
Disease Burden ◽  
Mosquito Control ◽  
Anopheles Funestus ◽  
Wuchereria Bancrofti ◽  
Mosquito Vectors ◽  
Larval Stages ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Control Light ◽  
Susceptibility Profiles

Background: Wuchereria bancrofti is the most widely distributed of the 3 nematodes known to cause lymphatic filariasis, the other 2 being Brugia malayi and Brugia timori. Anopheles gambiae and Anopheles funestus are the main vectors. However, the relative contributions of mosquito vectors to disease burden and infectivity are becoming increasingly important in coastal East Africa, and this is particularly true in the urban and semiurban areas of Pangani District, Tanzania. Methods: Mosquitoes were sampled from 5 randomly selected villages of Pangani District, namely, Bweni, Madanga, Meka, Msaraza, and Pangani West. Sampling of mosquitoes was done using standard Centers for Disease Control light traps with incandescent light bulbs. The presence of W. bancrofti in mosquitoes was determined via polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays using NV1 and NV2 primers, and PoolScreen 2 software was used to determine the estimated rate of W. bancrofti infection in mosquitoes. Results: A total of 951 mosquitoes were collected, of which 99.36% were Culex quinquefasciatus, 0.32% were Anopheles gambiae, and 0.32% other Culex species. The estimated rate of W. bancrofti infection among these mosquitoes was 3.3%. Conclusion: This was the first study employing the use of PoolScreen PCR to detect W. bancrofti circulating in mosquito vectors in Pangani District, northeastern Tanzania. The presence of W. bancrofti infection suggests the possibility of infected humans in the area. The high abundance of Cx. quinquefasciatus calls for integrated mosquito control interventions to minimise the risk of W. bancrofti transmission to humans. Further research is required to gain an in-depth understanding of the W. bancrofti larval stages in mosquitoes, their drug sensitivity and susceptibility profiles, and their fecundity.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Actin-1 Expression in Wild Caught Wuchereria bancrofti-Infected Mosquito Vectors

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Moses Edache Entonu ◽  
Aliyu Muhammad ◽  
Iliya S. Ndams ◽  
Giovanna Franciosa
Keyword(s):  
Anopheles Gambiae ◽  
Culex Quinquefasciatus ◽  
Wuchereria Bancrofti ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Infected Mosquito ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Mosquito Vectors ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
First Time ◽  
Maxillary Palps

Background. Wuchereria bancrofti is the major cause of lymphatic filariasis transmitted by mosquito vectors. In the vector-parasite interaction and among other proteins, actin-1 has been implicated for successful transmission of the pathogen in laboratory-controlled experiments. However, validation of this finding from the pathogen’s natural environment is required. Objective. This study is aimed at evaluating actin-1 expression upon Wuchereria bancrofti infection in mosquito vectors collected during an epidemiology study in Tsafe Local Government Area of Zamfara State, Nigeria. Methods. Mosquitoes were collected and identified using morphological keys, which include length of maxillary palps, pale spots on the wings, and scale patterns on the abdomen. This was followed by detection of the 188 bp SspI marker of Wuchereria bancrofti infection using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The mRNA levels of the actin-1 gene were evaluated in the infected Anopheles gambiae sl and Culex quinquefasciatus and their controls, which were adult reared from the larvae in the study area. Results. The mosquitoes were identified to be Anopheles gambiae sl and Culex quinquefasciatus, while infection by Wuchereria bancrofti was confirmed by amplification of the 188 bp SspI marker. A 4.85 and 4.09 relative fold increase in actin-1 gene expression in Wuchereria bancrofti-infected Anopheles gambiae sl and Culex quinquefasciatus was observed. Thus, for the first time we reported that the actin-1 gene in wild caught mosquito vectors (Anopheles gambiae sl and Culex quinquefasciatus) infected with Wuchereria bancrofti is upregulated. Conclusion. The actin-1 gene is upregulated and similarly expressed during W. bancrofti infection in mosquito vectors in the study area and this may likely serve as a biomarker and viable strategy for the control of parasite transmission in endemic areas.

scholarly journals An assessment of mosquito collection techniques for xenomonitoring of anopheline-transmitted Lymphatic Filariasis in Ghana

Parasitology ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 145 (13) ◽  
pp. 1783-1791 ◽  
Author(s):  
Millicent Opoku ◽  
Corrado Minetti ◽  
Worlasi D. Kartey-Attipoe ◽  
Sampson Otoo ◽  
Joseph Otchere ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lymphatic Filariasis ◽  
Close Contact ◽  
Wuchereria Bancrofti ◽  
Northern Region ◽  
Trapping Efficiency ◽  
Mosquito Collection ◽  
Control And Prevention ◽  
Specific Species ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Collection Methods

AbstractMonitoring vectors is relevant to ascertain transmission of lymphatic filariasis (LF). This may require the best sampling method that can capture high numbers of specific species to give indication of transmission. Gravid anophelines are good indicators for assessing transmission due to close contact with humans through blood meals. This study compared the efficiency of an Anopheles gravid trap (AGT) with other mosquito collection methods including the box and the Centres for Disease Control and Prevention gravid, light, exit and BioGent-sentinel traps, indoor resting collection (IRC) and pyrethrum spray catches across two endemic regions of Ghana. The AGT showed high trapping efficiency by collecting the highest mean number of anophelines per night in the Western (4.6) and Northern (7.3) regions compared with the outdoor collection methods. Additionally, IRC was similarly efficient in the Northern region (8.9) where vectors exhibit a high degree of endophily. AGT also showed good trapping potential for collecting Anopheles melas which is usually difficult to catch with existing methods. Screening of mosquitoes for infection showed a 0.80–3.01% Wuchereria bancrofti and 2.15–3.27% Plasmodium spp. in Anopheles gambiae. The AGT has shown to be appropriate for surveying Anopheles populations and can be useful for xenomonitoring for both LF and malaria.

New Mosquito Collection Records for Southern Georgia

2001 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 114-121 ◽  
Author(s):  
John P. Smith ◽  
Thomas G. Floore
Keyword(s):  
Culex Quinquefasciatus ◽  
Species Abundance ◽  
Abundant Species ◽  
Light Traps ◽  
Aedes Vexans ◽  
Detailed Report ◽  
Mosquito Collection ◽  
Abundance And Diversity ◽  
Southern Georgia

Twenty-nine species representing eight genera, numerous new county records and one state record, Mansonia titillans (Walker), were collected in a surveillance project conducted in 20 southern Georgia counties during the summer of 1997. A detailed report of species abundance and diversity is presented. Overall, as sampled by CO2 light traps, Culex quinquefasciatus Say was the most widely distributed species and Aedes vexans (Meigen) was the most abundant species followed closely by Aedes atlanticus Dyer and Knab.

scholarly journals Tabel Hidup Nyamuk Vektor Filariasis Limfatik Culex quinquefasciatus (Diptera: Culicidae) di Laboratorium

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 73
Author(s):  
Tri Ramadhani ◽  
Vina Yuliani ◽  
Upik Kesumawati Hadi ◽  
Susi Soviana ◽  
Zubaidah Irawati
Keyword(s):  
Lymphatic Filariasis ◽  
Culex Quinquefasciatus ◽  
Generation Time ◽  
Control Program ◽  
Wuchereria Bancrofti ◽  
Reproductive Rate ◽  
Reproduction Rate ◽  
Net Reproductive Rate ◽  
Vector Control Program ◽  
Vector Borne

Latar belakang: Kelangsungan hidup nyamuk merupakan aspek yang penting dalam penularan penyakit tular vektor. Culex quinquefasciatus merupakan vektor filariasis limfatik yang disebabkan oleh wuchereria bancrofti. Pengetahuan kehidupan nyamuk berperan penting dalam keberhasilan program pengendalian vektor. Tujuan penelitian ini mendiskripsikan tabel hidup nyamuk Cx. quinquefasciatus di laboratorium.Metode: Penelitian diawali dengan koleksi larva Cx. quinquefasciatus di  Kota Pekalongan, kemudian diidentifikasi dan kolonisasi dalam kondisi laboratorium. Parameter yang diukur meliputi masa inkubasi, ekslosi, eksdisis, ketahanan hidup, laju reproduksi, waktu generasi dan laju pertumbuhan intrinsik.  Hasil: Cx. quinquefasciatus mempunyai siklus hidup 12.5 hari. Umur telur, larva, dan pupa masing-masing adalah 2.07; 10.2; dan  2.25 hari. Nyamuk jantan mempunyai ketahanan hidup yang lebih pendek dibandingkan betina. Laju reproduksi  bersih (Ro) sebesar 196.75, laju pertumbuhan intrinsik 0.35  dan waktu generasi (T) 14.91 hari.Simpulan: Pertumbuhan populasi Cx. quinquefasciatus  dapat diatur dan dikendalikan oleh kelulusan hidup dan mortalitas. ABSTRACTTitle: The Live Table of Vector Lymphatic Filariasis Culex quinquefasciatus (Diptera: Culicidae) in the LaboratoryBackground: The survival of a mosquito is an important aspect in the transmission of vector borne disease. Culex quinquefasciatus, which is a vector of lymphatic filariasis caused by wuchereria bancrofti. The knowledge of mosquito life is important in providing the foundation for the success of the vector control program. The research  aim to describe the life table Cx. quinquefasciatus in the laboratoryMethods:. This study was originated from the collecting larve  of Cx. quinquefasciatus from Pekalongan City, which were then identified and colonized under laboratory conditions. Parameters measured include the incubation period, ekslosi, eksdisis, survival rate, reproduction rate, and generation time.Results:The results showed that Cx. quinquefasciatus has a 12.5 day life cycle. Egg, larva, and pupa respectively were 2.07; 10.2; and 2.25 days. The males have a shorter survival period compared to  the  females. The net  reproductive  rate  (Ro)  was  196.75;  the  intrinsic  growth  rate  (rm)  was  0.35  and  the average generation time (T) was 14.91 days.Conclusion : The population growth of Culex quinquefasciatus can be regulated and controlled by life graduation and mortality 

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