Territorial features of the epidemic process of infection caused by the Epstein-Barr virus

Introduction. The Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) is one of the most common pathogens — it infects 90% of the world’s population. However, specific characteristics of the EBV infection epidemic process remain unidentified. The previous studies focusing on assessment of incidence rates for infectious mononucleosis (IM) tend to ignore the serological status of the population.The aim of the study was to identify epidemiological characteristics and assess the prevalence of serological markers for EBV infection for further epidemic control measures development.Materials and methods. In Moscow, the thorough analysis was performed using the data on IM incidence (Form 2 "Data on Infectious and Parasitic Diseases") and test results for 138,232 people checked for presence of VCA IgG, EBNA IgG, VCA IgM, EA IgG, and EBV DNA in their blood and saliva in 2011–2020.Results. The periodic pattern of IM incidence was discovered, demonstrating the repetitive peaks every 9 to 11 years and a strong direct correlative relationship with detection rates for active EBV infection markers. The intra-annual dynamics of IM incidence is characterized by a seasonal upswing during cold seasons of the year, reaching its peaks in October, November, or February and associated with a marked decrease in the VCA IgG and EBNA IgG seroprevalence. Children within the 1 to 17-year age range are groups at risk for acquiring primary infection, demonstrating significantly lower detection rates for chronic EBV infection (VCA IgG and EBNA IgG) markers and higher rates for VCA IgM and EBV DNA markers in blood compared to adults. The contribution of adult population to the epidemic process is formed through reactivation of chronic infection, which is observed primarily among women.Conclusion. The identified characteristics are essential for comprehensive understanding of the EBV infection epidemic process and can be used for developing preventive and anti-epidemic measures.

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A Quantitative Ultrastructural Study of Peripheral Blood Lymphocytes Containing Parallel Tubular Arrays in Epstein-Barr Virus and Cytomegalo-Virus Mononucleosis

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100098769 ◽

1981 ◽

Vol 39 ◽

pp. 454-455

Author(s):

C. M. Payne ◽

P. M. Tennican

Keyword(s):

Peripheral Blood ◽

Lymphocyte Count ◽

Epstein Barr Virus ◽

Absolute Lymphocyte Count ◽

Peripheral Blood Lymphocytes ◽

Clinical State ◽

Barr Virus ◽

The Absolute ◽

Epstein Barr ◽

Tubular Arrays

In the normal peripheral circulation there exists a sub-population of lymphocytes which is ultrastructurally distinct. This lymphocyte is identified under the electron microscope by the presence of cytoplasmic microtubular-like inclusions called parallel tubular arrays (PTA) (Figure 1), and contains Fc-receptors for cytophilic antibody. In this study, lymphocytes containing PTA (PTA-lymphocytes) were quantitated from serial peripheral blood specimens obtained from two patients with Epstein -Barr Virus mononucleosis and two patients with cytomegalovirus mononucleosis. This data was then correlated with the clinical state of the patient.It was determined that both the percentage and absolute number of PTA- lymphocytes was highest during the acute phase of the illness. In follow-up specimens, three of the four patients' absolute lymphocyte count fell to within normal limits before the absolute PTA-lymphocyte count.In one patient who was followed for almost a year, the absolute PTA- lymphocyte count was consistently elevated (Figure 2). The estimation of absolute PTA-lymphocyte counts was determined to be valid after a morphometric analysis of the cellular areas occupied by PTA during the acute and convalescent phases of the disease revealed no statistical differences.

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Studies of Epstein-Barr Virus Antigens Using Immunoperoxidase and Immunofluorescence Techniques

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s042482010011533x ◽

1975 ◽

Vol 33 ◽

pp. 342-343

Author(s):

R. Stephens ◽

K. Traul ◽

D. Woolf ◽

P. Gaudreau

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma ◽

Epstein Barr Virus ◽

Barr Virus ◽

If Technique ◽

Infected Cells ◽

Virus Antigens ◽

Epstein Barr ◽

Virus Capsid Antigen ◽

Antigen Reactivity

A number of antigens have been found associated with persistent EBV infections of lymphoblastoid cells. Identification and localization of these antigens were principally by immunofluorescence (IF) techniques using sera from patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), Burkitt lymphoma (BL), and infectious mononucleosis (IM). Our study was mainly with three of the EBV related antigens, a) virus capsid antigen (VCA), b) membrane antigen (MA), and c) early antigens (EA) using immunoperoxidase (IP) techniques with electron microscopy (EM) to elucidate the sites of reactivity with EBV and EBV infected cells.Prior to labeling with horseradish peroxidase (HRP), sera from NPC, IM, and BL cases were characterized for various reactivities by the indirect IF technique. Modifications of the direct IP procedure described by Shabo and the indirect IP procedure of Leduc were made to enhance penetration of the cells and preservation of antigen reactivity.

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