ANALISIS RISIKO KESELAMATAN DAN KESEHATAN KERJA (K3) PADA PENGOPERASIAN RECIPROCATING COMPRESSOR MENGGUNAKAN METODE SWIFT (STRUCTURED WHAT IF TECHNIQUE) DI PT. ABC

PT. ABC merupakan salah satu perusahaan nasional yang bergerak dibidang penjualan gas alam untuk industri dan reciprocating compressor merupakan salah satu peralatan utama yang digunakan di PT. ABC. Kompresor memiliki fungsi untuk menaikkan tekanan gas alam dari tekanan gas rendah menjadi tekanan gas tinggi dan jenis kompresor yang dipakai oleh PT. ABC adalah jenis reciprocating compressor. Penggunaan reciprocating compressor mempunyai berbagai potensi bahaya baik itu saat proses operasional yang bersifat rutin maupun saat proses operasional yang bersifat tidak rutin sehingga penggunaan reciprocating compressor memiliki risiko kecelakaan kerja yang sangat tinggi. Dari data kejadian kecelakaan kerja pada pengoperasian reciprocating compressor di PT. ABC terdapat 13 kejadian kecelakaan kerja dan ini menggambarkan masih tingginya tingkat kecelakaan kerja yang terjadi. Metode SWIFT (Structural What If Analysis) adalah suatu teknik untuk mengidentifikasi bahaya dengan pendekatan bertanya menggunakan kata kunci what if (bagaimana jika). Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui potensi bahaya apa saja yang ada di reciprocating compressor dengan menggunakan metode what if analysis, mengetahui risiko kecelakaan kerja yang ada pada pengoperasian reciprocating compressor dan memberikan rekomendasi perbaikan yang menjadi prioritas utama pada pengoperasian reciprocating compressor. Analisa lembar kerja menggunakan Metode SWIFT (structural what if analysis) menghasilkan 18 potensi bahaya pada pekerjaan pengoperasian reciprocating compressor dan berdasarkan perhitungan RRN (Risk Rating Number), terdapat 9 bahaya prioritas utama, 5 bahaya prioritas menengah, 3 bahaya prioritas rendah dan 1 bahaya prioritas paling rendah. Rekomendasi perbaikan dibuat berdasarkan tingkat risiko dengan prioritas utama untuk mencegah dan mengurangi tingkat risiko kecelakan kerja pada pengoperasian reciprocating compressor.

The Application of the Immunoperoxidase (IP) Antibody Technique for the Etiological Diagnosis of Infectious Bursal Disease (IBD) in Chickens

The Indirect IP – technique was employed in demonstrating a site where IBD antigen reacted with Its untbody in IBD-affected barya of Fabricius. In the, rabbit - wot-chicken IgG, which was conjugated to borwer dish peroxidase, was used as the Immunochemical tracers of the antigen-antibody la teraction between IBD chicken underum wad wc tions of bursa of Fabricius (BF) from IBD infected chicken. The technical details were examined and compared with the immunofluorescent (IF) and body technique. The IP – technique was simpler to perform, gave permanently stained specimens, and was answer to interpret because it was less subject to background staining than the IF - technique However both the IP and the IF — techniques were of equal diagnostic sensitivity and specificity. Some attempts made to use the IP - technique for detecting IBD teld virus isolates in cell-culture solatoh yarns were unsuccessful. The IP - technique was, however, capable of demonstrating vll-culture adapted IBD viruses lo cell monotavers.

Comparative Study of Incremental Forming and Elevated Temperature Incremental Forming Through Experimental Investigations on AA 1050 Sheet

Unlike conventional forming processes, incremental forming (IF) does not require any part-specific tooling. It is a flexible forming process that is suitable to form user-specific shapes and for low volume production. The IF process has been recognized as a promising manufacturing process over conventional forming for the materials having decent formability. However, it does not give reliable results while forming hard to form materials. A few investigations revealed that heat plays a vital role in enhancing the formability. On heating, the yield stress of the materials gets reduced, the ductility increases, and hence the formability improves. Thus, for the materials having poor formability, an advance IF technique, elevated temperature incremental forming (ET-IF), has been developed. ET-IF involves incremental forming of the sheets while being heated by an external heat supply. This research study focuses on the execution of the ET-IF process and its comparison with the conventional IF process. A radiation type heating device to perform the ET-IF process is designed and fabricated. The experimental investigations were carried out on 1 mm thick AA 1050 sheets by carrying out the IF process at room temperature and enhanced temperatures. Experimentation was initiated with performing straight grove tests, which were later extended to form a few more shapes. Experimental results confirm the delay in fracture and intensification of formability with the ET-IF process in comparison to that of the IF process at room temperature. The work overcomes the limitation and enlarges the scope of application of the IF process.

Inverted flap in the management of idiopathic large macular holes: A comparative study of different techniques

Background Macular holes are vitreoretinal interface disorders due to anatomical defects in the fovea causing poor central vision. The aim of this study was to compare the results of four different variants of inverted flap (IF) technique, for the closure of macular holes larger than 400µm. Methods This is a prospective comparative case series. Thirty-six eyes with large macular hole were enrolled: group 1: inserted internal limiting membrane (ILM); group 2: classic IF ILM; group 3: IF without manipulation (Free Flap technique), group 4: temporal IF technique. Best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), anatomical closure rate, and ellipsoid zone (EZ) and external limiting membrane (ELM) defects were evaluated preoperatively, at 1 month and 3 months after surgery. Odds ratio (OR) and its 95% confidence interval (CI) were used to compare the anatomical and functional results of classic inverted flap ILM peeling (group 2) and modified inverted flap ILM peeling (Group 1,3 and 4). Results Mean BCVA improved in all four groups 3 months after surgery. The improvement was significant in group 2,3, and 4 (P=0.001). The rate of successful hole closure ranged from 87.5% to 100% in different groups (P=0.661). The integrity of EZ was achieved in 65.6% and the restoration of the inner layers of the retina in 71.5%. Conclusion Inverted flap ILM technique is efficient for the treatment of large full thickness macular hole (FTMH). Different modified inverted flap techniques have been described on the last decade. Through our study, we demonstrated that the inserted flap, may alter outer retinal layer and compromise final functional results despite final closure of the macular hole. The classic IF technique, the temporal and the free flap techniques have finally comparable good functional and anatomical results. Key words inverted flap technique, macular hole, surgery, outcomes

Internal Fixation Method Using EZ-Tcon for Transconjunctival Fat Repositioning: Clinical Outcomes and Efficacy

Background Transconjunctival fat repositioning is the gold standard for the correction of tear trough deformity. For fixation of fat pedicle, the internal fixation (IF) and externalized percutaneous suture (EPS) techniques are used, which have their own advantages and disadvantages. The present study aimed to introduce a new IF technique using a devised needle (EZ-Tcon) and to compare its outcomes with those of the conventional EPS technique. Methods Patients with primary tear trough deformity who underwent transconjunctival fat repositioning were reviewed and categorized into two cohorts according to the fixation technique: cohort 1 consisted of patients treated using the conventional EPS technique and cohort 2 consisted of those in whom the new IF technique using EZ-Tcon was adopted. Post-operative complications and aesthetic outcomes were assessed using a four-scale grading system. Results A total of 545 patients, 211 from cohort 1 and 344 from cohort 2 were evaluated with a median follow-up of 70 days. Compared to cohort 1, cohort 2 showed significantly lower rates of long-standing conspicuous scars on lower eyelid, re-operation and overall complications. In the analysis of aesthetic outcomes, 88.9 percent of cohort 2 showed grade 0 (no deformity) or I (mild deformity) post-operatively. The rate of excellent outcomes (improvements of ≥ two grades) was significantly higher in cohort 2 than in cohort 1 (p-value < 0.001). Conclusion Our technique using EZ-Tcon could possess advantages of the conventional IF and EPS techniques, showing lower complication rates and aesthetically satisfactory outcomes, and could be a safe and reliable method of transconjunctival fat repositioning. Level of Evidence IV This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266.

Analisis Risiko Keselamatan dan Kesehatan Kerja (K3) pada Pengoperasian Overhead Crane Menggunakan Metode SWIFT (Structured What If Technique) di PT. ABC

Abstract— PT. ABC is one of the national steel industry companies that has a steel production capacity of three million tons more steel per year and the crane is one of the main equipment used at PT. ABC. Crane has a function as a lifting equipment used to move an object or item from one place to another and the type of crane used at PT. ABC is a type of overhead crane. The use of overhead cranes has various potential hazards both during the routine and non-routine lifting process so that the use of overhead cranes has a very high risk of work accidents. From accident data on overhead crane operations at PT. ABC, there were 27 accident cases from 2016 - 2018 that showed the high level of work accidents that occurred. The SWIFT (Structural What If Analysis) method is a technique for identifying hazards by asking what if (what if) keywords. The purpose of this study was to determine the dangers and risks of overhead crane operations at PT. ABC and provide recommendations for improvements to reduce the level of risk of work accidents. Analysis of the worksheet using the SWIFT (structural what if analysis) method produces 18 potential hazards in overhead crane operations and based on RRN (Risk Rating Number) calculations, there are 9 main priority hazards, 5 medium priority hazards, 2 low priority hazards and 2 priority hazards the lowest. Improvement recommendations are made based on the level of risk with the highest priority to prevent and reduce the risk of work accident in overhead crane operations.Keywords— Overhead crane, Potential hazard, Risk Rating Number, SWIFT. Abstrak— PT. ABC merupakan salah satu perusahaan industri baja nasional yang mempunyai kapasitas produksi baja sebesar tiga juta ton lebih baja per tahunnya dan crane merupakan salah satu peralatan utama yang digunakan di PT. ABC. Crane memiliki fungsi sebagai pesawat angkat angkut yang digunakan untuk memindahkan suatu benda atau barang dari tempat yang satu ke tempat lainnya dan jenis crane yang digunakan di PT. ABC adalah jenis overhead crane. Penggunaan overhead crane mempunyai berbagai potensi bahaya baik itu saat proses pengangkatan yang bersifat rutin maupun non rutin sehingga penggunaan overhead crane memiliki risiko kecelakaan kerja yang sangat tinggi. Dari data kecelakaan pada pengoperasian overhead crane di PT. ABC terdapat 27 kasus kecelakaan dari tahun 2016 - 2018 yang menunjukkan masih tingginya tingkat kecelakaan kerja yang terjadi. Metode SWIFT (Structural What If Analysis) adalah suatu teknik untuk mengidentifikasi bahaya dengan pendekatan bertanya menggunakan kata kunci what if (bagaimana jika). Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui bahaya dan risiko pada pekerjaan pengoperasian overhead crane di PT. ABC serta memberikan rekomendasi perbaikan untuk mengurangi tingkat risiko kecelakaan kerja. Analisa lembar kerja menggunakan Metode SWIFT (structural what if analysis) menghasilkan 18 potensi bahaya pada pekerjaan pengoperasian overhead crane dan berdasarkan perhitungan RRN (Risk Rating Number), terdapat 9 bahaya prioritas utama, 5 bahaya prioritas menengah, 2 bahaya prioritas rendah dan 2 bahaya prioritas paling rendah. Rekomendasi perbaikan dibuat berdasarkan tingkat risiko dengan prioritas utama untuk mencegah dan mengurangi tingkat risiko kecelakan kerja pada pengoperasian overhead crane.Kata kunci— Overhead crane, Potensi bahaya, Risk Rating Number, SWIFT.

AN INTEGRATED DEMATEL–IF-TOPSIS METHODOLOGY FOR LOGISTICS CENTERS’ LOCATION SELECTION PROBLEM: AN APPLICATION FOR ISTANBUL METROPOLITAN AREA

Logistics Centers (LCs) are among the most important facilities for rapid, cost effective, environmental friendly and secure logistics services to the urban logistics problems. Finding proper locations to LCs has an important effect on their success. In this study, LCs’ location selection problem for Istanbul Metropolitan area is investigated. Istanbul is a leading city of Turkey in many categories including various industries, import/export amounts, transportation infrastructure and population density. However, industrialization and urbanization have introduced numerous problems to Istanbul. New projects are continuously being announced for the problems of metropolis, however, they may also bring new problems if they are not punctiliously planned and applied. Hence, in this study, it is aimed to propose a systematic Multi-Criteria Decision-Making (MCDM) approach for the LCs’ location selection problem of Istanbul. In this approach, an integrated DEcision-MAking Trial and Evaluation Laboratory (DEMATEL) and Intuitionistic Fuzzy (IF) Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) method is utilized. DEMATEL is used to analyse the decision criteria and IF-TOPSIS is used to evaluate candidate locations for LCs. Considering the vagueness inherent to this decision-making problem, IF sets are used for the evaluation process. Results are compared with the results of IF-VIKOR (VIše Kriterijumska Optimizacija kompromisno Rešenje – multi-criteria optimization and compromise solution) technique.

Effect of IL-36γ expression on chronic periodontitis with an increase in NF-KB signaling pathway

Background. An inappropriate inflammatory response is the cause of many common diseases, especially periodontitis. Considering that no studies have been carried out to investigate the effect of IL-36γ on chronic periodontitis, this study aimed to investigate the inflammatory mechanism of IL-36γ by stimulating macrophage cells using NF-KB pathway. Methods. This experimental study was performed on 50 healthy individuals and 50 subjects with chronic periodontitis. In this study, macrophage cells were extracted first, and then RNA was isolated from all the samples using TRIzol method. Subsequently, the rate of IL-36γ gene expression was analyzed and compared using real-time PCR technique. Additionally, immunofluorescence (IF) technique was used to investigate the rate of inflammation. The rate of NF-Kb expression was also measured via western blot technique. Finally, statistical analysis of the samples was carried out using appropriate statistical methods with SPSS 17. Results. The results showed that the rate of IL-36γ expression in subjects with periodontitis was higher compared to healthy subjects (P<0.05). Moreover, the results showed that following treatment of cells with TLR4, the rate of IL36γ expression increased significantly, especially during the 12-hour period after treatment. Conclusion. This indicates that after stimulating the TLR pathways, the rate of IL-36γ expression will probably increase.

Indirect Feedback: A dialoguing approach to assessment

Whilst there is consensus in the current literature that feedback plays a fundamental role to student performance and learning, there is also debate about what makes it effective. Particularly, some assessment instruments, like the National Student Survey in the United Kingdom, reveal that evaluation and feedback are systematically amongst the areas that students are less satisfied with. This paper aims to describe the ‘indirect feedback’ (IF) technique, which was utilised by the principle author in his previous tenure as a Professor at the University of Cadiz (Spain) and to reflect on how it can be applied to overcome some of the limitations presented in a different ‘context of practice’. It is argued that indirect feedback meets many of the principles of good practice, as it “facilitates the development of self-assessment (reflection) in learning, delivers high quality information to students about their learning, encourages teacher and peer dialogue around learning … provides opportunities to close the gap between current and desired performance [and] provides information to teachers that can be used to help shape their teaching” (Nicol & MacFarlane-Dick, 2006, p. 205).