The relationship between the boundary layer moisture transport from the South China Sea and heavy rainfall over Taiwan

2020 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 159-176 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chuan-Chi Tu ◽  
Yi-Leng Chen ◽  
Pay-Liam Lin ◽  
Po-Hsiung Lin
Keyword(s):  
Boundary Layer ◽  
South China Sea ◽  
South China ◽  
Moisture Transport ◽  
Heavy Rainfall ◽  
The South China Sea ◽  
The South ◽  
China Sea ◽  
The Relationship

scholarly journals Changing Relationship Between Tibetan Plateau Temperature and South China Sea Summer Monsoon Precipitation

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mei Liang ◽  
Jianjun Xu ◽  
Johnny C. L. Chan ◽  
Liguang Wu ◽  
Xiangde Xu
Keyword(s):  
Tibetan Plateau ◽  
South China Sea ◽  
Summer Monsoon ◽  
South China ◽  
Negative Correlation ◽  
The South China Sea ◽  
Monsoon Precipitation ◽  
The South ◽  
China Sea ◽  
The Relationship

The present study documents the changes in the relationship between the Tibetan Plateau summer surface temperature (TPST) and the South China Sea summer monsoon precipitation (SCSSMP). A stepwise regression model is used to exclude the signals of global warming, El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO), western North Pacific Subtropical High (WNPSH), Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO) and Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO). The results indicate that the relationship between TPST–SCSSMP changes with time, going from a negative correlation during the period of 1980–1994 to an obvious positive correlation during 1998–2016 in the South China Sea. Meanwhile, the negative correlation between TPST and the East Asia subtropical front (Meiyu) is enhanced during 1998–2016. This change in the TPST–SCSSMP relationship is associated with the change of the atmospheric circulation, which is mainly due to TPST interdecadal variation. A wave–like structure at the low latitude moves eastward along the low–level monsoon flow, and a strong cyclonic circulation is apparent in the southwestern part of the Plateau, including the Indochina Peninsula, South China Sea, and the ocean to the east of the Philippines, which is consistent with the negative correlation between TPST and Outgoing Longwave Radiation (OLR). The increase in water–vapor convergence and more favorable convection conditions lead to more precipitation in the region after the late 1990s. The present results suggest that, in a changing climate, we should be cautious when using predictor with interdecadal variations.

scholarly journals Development and Formation Mechanism of the Southeast Asian Winter Heavy Rainfall Events around the South China Sea. Part I: Formation and Propagation of Cold Surge Vortex*

2015 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 1417-1443 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tsing-Chang Chen ◽  
Jenq-Dar Tsay ◽  
Jun Matsumoto ◽  
Jordan Alpert
Keyword(s):  
South China Sea ◽  
South China ◽  
Heavy Rainfall ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
The South China Sea ◽  
The South ◽  
Cold Surge ◽  
China Sea ◽  
Flow Type ◽  
Development Processes

Abstract Examination of the development of cold season heavy rainfall/flood (HRF) events around the South China Sea (SCS) from their parent cold surge vortices (CSVs) shows three new development processes. First, the formation mechanism of the parent CSV of an HRF event [CSV(HRF)] has a preference as to geographic location, flow type of the cold surge inside the SCS, and time of day. The surface trough east of the Philippines, Taiwan, and southern Japan island chain in late fall and the near-equator trough across Borneo in winter facilitate the CSV(HRF) formation in two regions—the vicinity of the Philippines and Borneo. The formation of the Philippine (Borneo) CSV(HRF) occurs at 0600 UTC (0000 UTC) with involvement from the Philippine Sea (PHS)-type (SCS type) of cold surge flow. Second, the flow type of the cold surge determines the CSV(HRF) propagation across the South China Sea. The PHS-type (SCS type) facilitates (hinders) the CSV(HRF) westward propagation. This occurs because the easterly (northerly) flow is greater than (less than) the northerly (easterly) flow at the maximum isotach location of the cold surge flow associated with CSV(HRF) and is centered east of the demarcation line for propagation. This flow-type contrast is substantiated by the vorticity budget analysis for CSV(HRF). The positive 925-hPa vorticity tendency is located west of (coincident with) the 925-hPa vorticity center for the PHS-type (SCS type) of cold surge. Third, the CSV(HRF) development into a HRF event is achieved through multiple interactions of former vortices with sequential cold surges across the South China Sea. The first two CSV(HRF) development processes are reported herein; the last process is presented in Part II.

South China Sea Arbitral Awards: Main Findings and Assessment

2017 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 367-407 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jin-Hyun Paik
Keyword(s):  
South China Sea ◽  
Marine Environment ◽  
South China ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
The South China Sea ◽  
The South ◽  
China Sea ◽  
Proactive Approach ◽  
Refusal To Participate ◽  
The Relationship

The South China Sea arbitration was an unusual case involving many intricate legal and factual issues. The proceedings were both procedurally and substantively complex. In addition, the arbitration was marred from the beginning by China’s refusal to participate in the proceedings. Nevertheless, an arbitral tribunal was constituted in accordance with Annex vii to the UN Convention on the Law of the Sea. Once constituted, the Tribunal was able to conduct the proceedings expeditiously while assuring procedural fairness to both parties. The arbitral proceedings, which lasted three and half years since its initiation by the Philippines in January 2013, eventually produced two voluminous Awards. Both Awards were decided unanimously. The Awards marked an important milestone in terms of clarifying various provisions of the Convention. In particular, the Tribunal clarified the relationship between the Convention and prior historic rights that are at variance with its Convention. The Tribunal also undertook an unprecedented task in determining how Art. 121 (3) of the Convention should be interpreted and applied. The Tribunal took a broad and proactive approach towards the scope of the marine environment as well as that of the obligation of States to protect the marine environment. The Awards, however, are not free of controversy. Questions can be raised as to several aspects of the Awards. The Awards would have implications that go far beyond the immediate dispute. For the dispute between the Philippines and China, it remains to be seen whether the Awards, by addressing some of the most contentious legal issues, would help the Parties to find a constructive solution to their dispute in the South China Sea.

scholarly journals Development and Formation Mechanism of the Southeast Asian Winter Heavy Rainfall Events around the South China Sea. Part II: Multiple Interactions*

2015 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 1444-1464 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tsing-Chang Chen ◽  
Jenq-Dar Tsay ◽  
Jun Matsumoto
Keyword(s):  
South China Sea ◽  
South China ◽  
Heavy Rainfall ◽  
Cold Season ◽  
The South China Sea ◽  
Northwestern Pacific ◽  
The South ◽  
Cold Surge ◽  
China Sea ◽  
Multiple Interactions

Abstract About 44% of the cold-season heavy rainfall/flood (HRF) events around the South China Sea require six days or longer to develop from the formation time of their parent cold surge vortices (CSVs). Formations for both the parent CSV and HRF event are involved with interactions of the concerned vortices with two different cold surge flows. The occurrence frequency of the East Asian cold surge flow varies from 4.5 to 6 days. The longevous CSVs enable their developments to interact with the second cold surge flows between formations of these CSVs and HRF events. Two requirements for the formation of HRF events are 1) synchronized occurrence of the HRF event and the northwestern Pacific explosive cyclone and 2) simultaneous occurrence of the maximum speeds among westerlies of the northwestern Pacific explosive cyclone and easterlies of the tropical trade winds and the HRF event. These requirements cannot be met by the CSV at its second maximum peak intensity, but the CSV at this stage plays an indispensible role for the formation of the HRF event to make its intensity and rainfall amount larger than those HRF events without this relay intensification. The development of an HRF event through multiple interactions of CSVs with sequential cold surge flows may pose difficulties to numerically simulate/predict the occurrence of these HRF events over the cold-season rainfall centers around the South China Sea.

scholarly journals The South China Sea Monsoon Experiment—Boundary Layer Height (SCSMEX-BLH): Experimental Design and Preliminary Results

2015 ◽  
Vol 143 (12) ◽  
pp. 5035-5053 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huijun Huang ◽  
Weikang Mao
Keyword(s):  
Boundary Layer ◽  
Heat Flux ◽  
South China Sea ◽  
South China ◽  
The South China Sea ◽  
Active Period ◽  
The South ◽  
Layer Height ◽  
China Sea ◽  
Boundary Layer Height

Abstract Knowing the relationship between local convective precipitation and boundary layer processes is critical for forecasting rainstorms. For the South China Sea area, such a forecast is particularly important during the monsoon season. During such a season, the authors examined the boundary layer features at three sites as part of the South China Sea Monsoon Experiment—Boundary Layer Height (SCSMEX-BLH) experiment. The sites are spread from inland to over sea along a 43.4-km line. Here the authors analyze SCSMEX-BLH data from an intensive observing period that includes a convectively suppressed (inactive) period, a period influenced by a tropical storm, and a convectively active monsoon period. Some preliminary findings include the following: 1) The absorption of shortwave radiation over the sea is the primary driver of the land–sea temperature difference. The difference produces a diurnal variation below 400 m, with a warmer surface layer over the coast at night. 2) In the inactive and storm periods, the sensible heat flux is larger than that in the active period, whereas in the active period, the heat flux (primarily latent heat flux) over sea is significant. Also in the active period, the depth of the mixed layer inland is smaller than that in other periods, but the depth on the coast is always higher than that in other periods. 3) In the active period at night, as a monsoon vapor surge advects horizontally over the warm sea surface, a large latent heat flux driven by strong winds aids the growth of marine cumulus, which eventually develop into inland cumulonimbus bringing inland rainfall.

scholarly journals Fishery Depletion and the South China Sea

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaymes MacKinnon
Keyword(s):  
South China Sea ◽  
South China ◽  
The South China Sea ◽  
The South ◽  
Fish Stocks ◽  
China Sea ◽  
Exclusive Economic Zones ◽  
The Commons ◽  
Economic Zones ◽  
The Relationship

Fishery depletion is a driving force in the militarization of the South China Sea. Using Garrett Hardin’s theory “the tragedy of the commons” as an analytical lens, this paper explores the relationship between the lack of legitimate territory designations and the illegal overexploitation of wild fish stocks. It argues that China, as the regional hegemon, has triggered conflicts by pursuing an agenda of maritime territorial expansionism. Some Southeast Asian countries, affected by these resource-driven incursions, defend their exclusive economic zones through military buildup. Therefore, the rising violence and decreasing availability of fish force some non-commercial fishermen to pursue piracy as an alternate form of income. The findings of this paper suggest that increased militarism of the South China Sea has not only predominantly affected the lives of non-commercial fishermen but also negatively impacted the regional environmental health. In the future, without multilateral resource management, this militarization will only worsen.

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