Peculiarities of Using Lymphocyte Test to Predict the Severity of Acute Radiation Injury

One of the methods of biological dosimetry is the use of information on the concentration of lymphocytes in the peripheral blood of victims in the first days after irradiation. The aim of the study was to validate the lymphocyte test method for predicting the severity of acute radiation injury, taking into account the dose rate factor. Materials and research methods. The method of investigation was a correlational analysis of clinical, dosimetric and laboratory data of the victims of the accident at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant in 1986 (n=65) and in radiation accidents with gamma-neutron irradiation (n=19). The data were taken from the database of acute radiation injuries in humans of A.I. Burnazyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center of the Federal Medical and Biological Agency of Russia. Results of the study and their analysis. The results of correlation analysis indicated that average lymphocyte concentration in the range of 0.4-0.8×109/l on day 3-6 post-irradiation with dose rates greater than 2 Gy/h resulted in an average dose estimate which was 40.0% higher than that for dose rates of less than 2 Gy/h. Absolute error of dose estimation is (±1.0-1.5) Gy. For lymphocyte concentrations higher than 0.8×109/l the prognosis is uncertain: the range of dose assessment variability is 1-4 Gy. At a lymphocyte concentration of less than 0.4×109/l the average dose estimate is more than 4.0 Gy, corresponding to a severe or extremely severe degree of acute radiation disease. The predicted degree of severity of radiation injuries in the presence of the neutron component of radiation is lower in comparison with the predictions based on the data on the victims of the Chernobyl accident. It is concluded that the identified dependencies can be used for medical triage of the victims at advanced stages of medical evacuation. For the purpose of correct routing of medical evacuation to specialized centers, it is advisable to allocate 4 treatment-evacuation groups.

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HemaMax™, a Recombinant Human Interleukin-12, Is a Potent Mitigator of Acute Radiation Injury in Mice and Non-Human Primates

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0030434 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 7 (2) ◽

pp. e30434 ◽

Cited By ~ 36

Author(s):

Lena A. Basile ◽

Dolph Ellefson ◽

Zoya Gluzman-Poltorak ◽

Katiana Junes-Gill ◽

Vernon Mar ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Radiation Injury ◽

Acute Radiation ◽

Interleukin 12 ◽

Acute Radiation Injury

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Re-Examination of the Exacerbating Effect of Inflammasome Components during Radiation Injury

Radiation Research ◽

10.1667/rade-21-00142.1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

W. June Brickey ◽

Michael A. Thompson ◽

Zhecheng Sheng ◽

Zhiguo Li ◽

Kouros Owzar ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cellular Response ◽

Radiation Injury ◽

Therapeutic Benefit ◽

Acute Radiation ◽

Cellular Damage ◽

Inflammatory Factors ◽

Experimental Conditions ◽

Acute Radiation Injury ◽

Radiation Induced

Radiation can be applied for therapeutic benefit against cancer or may result in devastating harm due to accidental or intentional release of nuclear energy. In all cases, radiation exposure causes molecular and cellular damage, resulting in the production of inflammatory factors and danger signals. Several classes of innate immune receptors sense the released damage associated molecules and activate cellular response pathways, including the induction of inflammasome signaling that impacts IL-1β/IL-18 maturation and cell death. A previous report indicated inflammasomes aggravate acute radiation syndrome. In contrast, here we find that inflammasome components do not exacerbate gamma-radiation-induced injury by examining heterozygous and gene-deletion littermate controls in addition to wild-type mice. Absence of some inflammasome genes, such as caspase-1/11 and Nlrp3, enhance susceptibility of treated mice to acute radiation injury, indicating importance of the inflammasome pathway in radioprotection. Surprisingly, we discover that the survival outcome may be sex-dependent as more inflammasome-deficient male mice are susceptible to radiation-induced injury. We discuss parameters that may influence the role of inflammasomes as radioprotective or radioexacerbating factors in recovery from radiation injury including the use of littermate controls, the sex of the animals, differences in microbiota within the colonies and other experimental conditions. Under the conditions tested, inflammasome components do not exacerbate radiation injury, but rather provide protective benefit.

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Early Biomarkers Associated with P53 Signaling for Acute Radiation Injury

Life ◽

10.3390/life12010099 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

pp. 99

Author(s):

Weihong Li ◽

Shixiang Zhou ◽

Meng Jia ◽

Xiaoxin Li ◽

Lin Li ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Ionizing Radiation ◽

Candidate Genes ◽

Radiation Injury ◽

Acute Radiation ◽

Dose Assessment ◽

Healthy Population ◽

P53 Signaling ◽

Acute Radiation Injury ◽

Effective Combination ◽

Accurate Dose

Accurate dose assessment within 1 day or even 12 h after exposure through current methods of dose estimation remains a challenge, in response to a large number of casualties caused by nuclear or radiation accidents. P53 signaling pathway plays an important role in DNA damage repair and cell apoptosis induced by ionizing radiation. The changes of radiation-induced P53 related genes in the early stage of ionizing radiation should compensate for the deficiency of lymphocyte decline and γ-H2AX analysis as novel biomarkers of radiation damage. Bioinformatic analysis was performed on previous data to find candidate genes from human peripheral blood irradiated in vitro. The expression levels of candidate genes were detected by RT-PCR. The expressions of screened DDB2, AEN, TRIAP1, and TRAF4 were stable in healthy population, but significantly up-regulated by radiation, with time specificity and dose dependence in 2–24 h after irradiation. They are early indicators for medical treatment in acute radiation injury. Their effective combination could achieve a more accurate dose assessment for large-scale wounded patients within 24 h post exposure. The effective combination of p53-related genes DDB2, AEN, TRIAP1, and TRAF4 is a novel biodosimetry for a large number of people exposed to acute nuclear accidents.

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