THEORY AND PRACTICE OF FLOW DETECTION OF ORGANIC CHLORINE COMPONENTS COMPOUNDS IN PETROLEUM PRODUCTS

Author(s):  
A.L. Pakhomov ◽  
◽  
E.A. Chudin ◽  
P.S. Reshetov ◽  
V.E. Stolyarov ◽  
...  
Author(s):  
Павел Юрьевич Сериков ◽  
Надежда Викторовна Гончарова ◽  
Ирина Павловна Серикова

В продолжение исследования теории и практики государственного регулирования естественных монополий критически проанализирован ряд неценовых и ценовых методов регулирования. Рассмотрен опыт ценового (тарифного) регулирования сферы трубопроводного транспорта нефти и нефтепродуктов в России и США. Отмечено, что для регулирования тарифов нефтепроводных компаний в США используется комбинированный метод долгосрочной индексации, при этом пересмотр рабочего индекса осуществляется каждые пять лет. В нашей стране с целью регулирования отрасли магистрального нефтепроводного транспорта регламентировано применение значительного ряда методов, однако фактически используется только один из них - индексирование. При этом возникает множество вопросов, связанных с выбором тарифной базы, собственно индекса, а также с установленным периодом регулирования. Авторы отмечают, что в качестве базового оптимально использовать индекс цен производителей промышленной продукции. Указывается, что регулирование тарифов на услуги естественных монополий (в частности, нефтепроводного транспорта) в привязке к индексу потребительских цен возможно лишь в течение ограниченного периода времени и при условии действия гибких правил изменения формулы цены, иначе не исключено формирование структурных и социально-экономических диспропорций за счет искажения соотношения цен в различных секторах экономики. Ключевыми условиями для решения проблем государственного регулирования естественно-монопольных компаний следует считать обновление Федерального закона «О естественных монополиях» № 147-ФЗ и продолжение работы над проектом закона «Об основах государственного регулирования цен (тарифов)», в том числе в части законодательного закрепления методов регулирования при обязательном учете отраслевой и видовой специфики регулируемых компаний и сочетании общих и специфических подходов к регулированию. In continuation of the research of the theory and practice of state regulation of natural monopolies, a number of non-price and price regulation methods are critically analyzed. The experience of price (tariff) regulation of the sphere of pipeline transportation of oil and petroleum products in Russia and the USA is considered. It is noted that a combined method of long-term indexation is used to regulate tariffs of oil pipeline companies in the USA, with a revision of the working index every five years. In our country, in order to control the industry of main pipeline transportation a significant number of methods are regulated, but in fact only one of them is used - indexation. In this case, there are many questions related to the choice of the tariff base, the index itself and the set period of regulation. The authors note that it is optimal to use the price index of industrial product producers as the base one. It is indicated that the regulation of tariffs for the services of natural monopolies (in particular, oil pipeline transportation) in the “context” of the consumer price index is possible only for a limited period of time and subject to flexible rules for changing the price formula, otherwise the formation of structural and socioeconomic disparities through the distortion of the price ratio in various sectors of the economy is not excluded. The key conditions for solving the problems of state control of natural monopolies should be the updating of the Federal Law «On Natural Monopolies» No. 147-FZ and the continuation of work on the draft law «On the Principles of State Regulation of Prices (Tariffs)», including in terms of legislative consolidation of regulation methods with mandatory consideration of the industry and specific features of regulated companies and a combination of general and specific approaches to regulation.


2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Majeed Hameed Taher ◽  
Namariq Abdulkareem Muhsen ◽  
Luma Majid Hameed

Purpose This study aims to measure the basic foundations of organizational health in the General Company for Food Products and to indicate the extent of its presence or not within the company under investigation. Design/methodology/approach This research was completed using a descriptive and analytical approach using a sample of 97 employees from the General Company for Petroleum Products. Calculating the arithmetic mean, standard deviation, coefficient of variation, and confirmatory factor analysis are all part of the data processing process. Findings The basic components of organization health are present in the General Company for Petroleum Products, but they have not reached high levels to be called regulatory health. Originality/value The findings of this study can provide important information about the impact of basic organizational health components on the general level of companies, particularly the General Company for Oil Products and its prominent role in its leadership in strengthening the organizational climate with a healthy, pressure-free environment that contributes to raising employee and organizational performance levels.


2012 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 74-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
Debbie Witkowski ◽  
Bruce Baker

Abstract In the early elementary grades, the primary emphasis is on developing skills crucial to future academic and personal success—specifically oral and written communication skills. These skills are vital to student success as well as to meaningful participation in the classroom and interaction with peers. Children with complex communication needs (CCN) may require the use of high-performance speech generating devices (SGDs). The challenges for these students are further complicated by the task of learning language at a time when they are expected to apply their linguistic skills to academic tasks. However, by focusing on core vocabulary as a primary vehicle for instruction, educators can equip students who use SGDs to develop language skills and be competitive in the classroom. In this article, we will define core vocabulary and provide theoretical and practical insights into integrating it into the classroom routine for developing oral and written communication skills.


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