Investigating the Role of Academic Optimism in Classroom Management and Job Burnout of Elementary School Teachers

The aim of this study is to investigate the role of academic optimism in classroom management and job burnout of elementary school teachers. The method of this research is a descriptive correlational study. The statistical population in this study included all primary school teachers in Baneh who were teaching in this city during the academic year 2017–2018. The number of teachers in Baneh was 800, of whom 457 were female teachers and 343 were male teachers. According to Krejcie and Morgan table, the sample size was 260 people. The sampling technique in this study was cluster sampling. To collect data, the following questionnaires were used; Beard et al.’s academic optimism, the attitudes and beliefs of teachers regarding classroom management of Martin and Sass and Maslach Burnout. Data analysis was performed by Amos software. The results showed that the paths of scientific emphasis on behavior management, trust in education management, self-efficacy in behavior management, and education management were statistically significant. Also, the results showed that the paths of scientific emphasis on emotional exhaustion, depersonalization and personal success; confidence in emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and personal success; and self-efficacy to emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and personal success are statistically significant.

Employment Motivation in Young People with Health Impairments

В статье проанализирована проблема трудоустройства молодежи с инвалидностью. Актуальность исследования обусловлена малым количеством эмпирических исследований особенностей мотивации к трудоустройству молодежи с инвалидностью, что затрудняет разработку эффективных практик по сопровождению трудоустройства лиц данной категории. Цель исследования состояла в эмпирическом выявлении и сравнительном анализе структуры мотивации к трудоустройству у молодых взрослых с инвалидностью и без нее, а также в установлении связи мотивации с ценностно-смысловой сферой данной категории молодежи, желающей трудоустроиться. Мотивация к трудоустройству рассматривалась с помощью методики изучения мотивации профессиональной деятельности К. Земфир в модификации А. А. Реана и теста Ф. Херцберга на определение ведущих факторов мотивации при работе, а ценностно-смысловая сфера — с помощью теста «Смысложизненные ориентации» (методика СЖО) в адаптации Д. А. Леонтьева. В статье представлены результаты исследования, которые показали, что у молодежи с инвалидностью и без нее компоненты структуры мотивации к трудоустройству различаются. У молодых людей с инвалидностью преобладает внешняя положительная мотивация, которая связана с финансовым благополучием и карьерой, и они не признают значимым мотивационным фактором к трудоустройству ответственность работы. У них обнаружена положительная связь мотивации с процессом жизни, удовлетворенностью самореализацией, достижением личного успеха и обратная — между управляемостью жизни, контролируемостью и таким фактором мотивации, как сотрудничество в коллективе. Полученные и представленные в статье результаты исследования обосновывают целесообразность продолжения изучения мотивации к трудоустройству инвалидов, в том числе с различным характером ограничений по здоровью, ее связей с другими психологическими факторами, а также определения комплекса методов психологической диагностики в целях совершенствования и повышения эффективности практики сопровождения трудоустройства людей с инвалидностью. The article analyzes employment problems experienced by young people with health impairments. The relevance of the research is accounted for by the scarcity of empirical research investigating the peculiarities of employment motivation in young people with health impairments, which creates certain difficulties related to the development of efficient patterns of employment support available to people with impairments. The aim of the research is to empirically investigate and comparatively analyze employment motivation in young people with health impairments and without them. The research is also aimed at investigating the connection between employment motivation of young people with health impairments and their system of values. Employment motivation is viewed through the prism of K. Zemfir’s employment motivation techniques modified by A. A. Rean and F. Herzberg’s test aimed at the identification of key factors of employment motivation. The system of values is assessed by means of the LIFO method (Life orientation) adapted by D. A. Leontyev. The results of the research presented in the article show that employment motivation is different in young people with health impairments and in young people without disabilities. Young people with health impairments have positive external motivation linked with career prospects and financial wellbeing. Professional responsibility is not viewed by them as a significant motivational factor. Employment motivation in their minds is associated with life, self-actualization, personal success, ability to control their lives, cooperation and team building. Research results presented in the article substantiate the feasibility of further investigation of employment motivation in people with health impairments and the connection of motivation with other psychological factors. Psychological support can improve the efficiency of employment support of students with health impairments.

Scientific Expertise of Profiling Programs: Algorithmization of Students' Success

The goal of modern specialized training is to increase the human potential – the sustainable development of schoolchildren in the process of becoming professional adaptability – the ability to cope with the challenges of civilization and globalization in production activities, the active introduction of students into socio-economic life, the formation of satisfaction with the process and results of training that create a positive attitude as a factor for ensuring life success both during school education and in later life. Profiling of training is the development of programs aimed at meeting the needs of students in professional self-determination. Algorithmization of training profiling (building of educational material in a scientifically based sequence) it helps to increase the effectiveness of the educational process aimed at the formation of social and professional success of students. Scientific expertise of specialized training programs is a mechanism for managing the personal success of students in a specialized school. During the examination, an active qualitative analysis of the didactic materials and educational technologies proposed by the developer takes place, methods of their improvement are recommended. This is the activity essence of pedagogical expertise.

Belief in free will & self-serving bias

Past research indicates that individuals’ belief in free will is related to attributing others’ behavior to internal causes. An open question is whether belief in free will is related to the attribution of one’s own action. To answer this question, we tested two opposing predictions against each other by assessing the relation of belief in free will with the self-serving bias—individuals’ tendency to attribute personal success more strongly to internal forces and failure to external forces. The resource hypothesis predicts that a higher endorsement in free will belief relates to a lower self-serving bias. The intention attribution hypothesis predicts that belief in free will relates to higher internal attributions, as compared to external attributions, irrespective of success and failure. Meta-analytic evidence across five high-powered studies (total N = 1,137) supports the intention attribution hypothesis, but not the resource hypothesis.

Activating Social Capital: How Peer and Socio-Emotional Mentoring Facilitate Resilience and Success for Community College Students

This article details the impact of the intensive mentoring model, through faculty-to-student and peer-to-peer mentoring, utilized in WAESO-LSAMP community colleges. We pay particular attention to the practice of socio-emotional mentoring, the development of a “mentoring chain,” and the impact of communities of support on student and faculty participants. Specifically, we discuss how these separate modes of mentoring impact students from underrepresented students in developing and activating social capital, developing collaborative support systems, fostering confidence and self-efficacy, combatting impostor syndrome and stereotype threat, and embracing the importance of failure in the scientific process. Methods and data include qualitative analysis of forty-six in-depth interviews with program participants, including faculty mentors and community college students, at three community college sites within the WAESO-LSAMP alliance. We address specific implications for faculty working with underrepresented STEM community college students and provide evidence of best practices for setting up a community of support that leads to academic and personal success.

Migration Decision-Making and Its Key Dimensions

Migration decisions are made in the context of personal needs and desires, and the individuals making these decisions face uncertain outcomes. Information about future opportunities is incomplete, and whether migration turns out to be a personal success or failure depends mostly on circumstances that are ex ante unknown and ex post not fully under the control of the individuals who migrate. This article elaborates on four dimensions of the complex process of migration decision-making: the formation of migration aspirations, the cognitive rules for searching and evaluating information about migratory options, the timing and planning horizons for preparing and realizing migratory decisions, and the locus of control and degree of agency in making migration decisions. We review the current state of evidence and identify opportunities for future empirical research that can help us to better understand these key dimensions of migration decision-making.

Soundscapes of Liberation

In Soundscapes of Liberation, Celeste Day Moore traces the popularization of African American music in postwar France, where it signaled new forms of power and protest. Moore surveys a wide range of musical genres, soundscapes, and media: the US military's wartime records and radio programs; the French record industry's catalogs of blues, jazz, and R&B recordings; the translations of jazz memoirs; a provincial choir specializing in spirituals; and US State Department-produced radio programs that broadcast jazz and gospel across the French empire. In each of these contexts, individual intermediaries such as educators, producers, writers, and radio deejays imbued African American music with new meaning, value, and political power. Their work resonated among diverse Francophone audiences and transformed the lives and labor of many African American musicians, who found financial and personal success as well as discrimination in France. By showing how the popularity of African American music was intertwined with contemporary structures of racism and imperialism, Moore demonstrates this music's centrality to postwar France and the convergence of decolonization, the expanding globalized economy, the Cold War, and worldwide liberation movements.

Strategic management

This tutorial is not just another of the many books on a well-known topic. The main emphasis is placed on connecting many, at first glance, well-known things and helping students and managers to better understand the need and meaning of strategic management as a set of actions for the consistent development of an organization in an increasingly competitive environment. For the Russian reader, this is also important because competition in our country is only "gaining momentum", and understanding its nature is necessary both to preserve business and to achieve personal success. Meets the requirements of the federal state educational standards of higher education of the latest generation. For university students and postgraduates studying the peculiarities of enterprise management in a competitive environment, as well as for companies regardless of their size and field of activity, managers involved in the development of business development strategies.