Codes of Modern Written Communication: Acoustic-Auditory vs. Manual-Visual

The article introduces the semiotic, cognitive, and technical aspects of the most important trends in the modern written communication, which arise as a result of the competition between acoustic-auditory and manual-visual codes. The author believes that Russian education has to adapt to the contemporary trends in virtual communication, which requires a preliminary research. The problem is that the integral-systemic presentation of communicative content is developing as a result of the growing share of visual data in various types of communication. The school course of Russian is based on elementary strategies and cannot keep up with these changes. Video-clip unites give the visual-written perception much better holistic possibilities than those of the phono-auditory-written channel. The competition of these two forms of writing is unlikely to displace the weaker opposition member. Chances are that it will redistribute their functions based on the advantages of each form.

An Interplay of Oral and Written Communication and Performance of Undergraduates

Students' proper use of oral and written communication plays a vital role in elevating their performance at the higher education level. Therefore, this study was conducted to explore the interplay of these communication types with the performance of undergraduates. A five point Likert-type scale was administered on a sample of 540 Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan enrolled in the BS program of three faculties (Social Sciences, Sciences, and Languages). Students' performance was assessed by their CGPA (Cumulative Grade Point Average) in previous semesters, further correlated with their communication skills. All respondents were selected from three semesters of the BS program from twelve departments whose total population was two thousand two hundred and twenty-nine. For the analysis of data, mean and standard deviation were used as descriptive statistics, while Pearson's Product Moment and one-way ANOVA were used as inferential statistics. After analysis, a statistically significant positive correlation between CGPA and written communication was revealed However, no statistically significant interplay was found between CGPA and oral communication. It was found that there is no statistically significant difference in mean scores of students of different faculties on oral and written communication. Keywords: Interplay, Oral, Written Communication, Performance, Undergraduates

“Few people can have seen it” – an investigation into an allegedly non-normative construction with can and the perfect infinitive form

This article discusses an investigation into the English modal predicate with can and the perfect infinitive form of the main verb. The study uses language samples excerpted from The Corpus of Contemporary American English, as well as selected data from The Corpus of Historical American English and The British National Corpus. English grammars tend not to discuss can with the perfect infinitive form, which can give an impression that it does not exist. Nevertheless, the reported study confirms that can with the perfect infinitive form is present in both American and British Englishes, mainly in formal, written communication. In the US, it was used already at the beginning of the 19th century. Furthermore, can with the perfect infinitive form expresses either the speaker’s reasoning about a hypothetical past situation or speaker’s certainty that a situation did not take place in the past. Thus, can interacts with the perfect and yields epistemic readings. Additionally, subject negation extends its scope over the proposition. The propositional negation interacts with can, thus producing the meaning of speaker’s certainty. Finally, the findings of the study are used to determine the norms which may underlie the modal predicate with can and the perfect infinitive form. “Few people can have seen it” – badanie rzekomo nienormatywnej konstrukcji z czasownikiem can i formą bezokolicznika perfect Streszczenie: Artykuł omawia badanie angielskiego orzeczenia modalnego z czasownikiem can i formą bezokolicznika perfect czasownika głównego. W badaniu wykorzystano próbki języka z korpusu The Corpus of Contemporary American English oraz wybrane dane z korpusów: The Corpus of Historical American English i The British National Corpus. Gramatyki języka angielskiego zwykle nie omawiają can z perfectem, co może sprawiać wrażenie, że ta konstrukcja nie istnieje. Niemniej, opisane badanie potwierdziło obecność can z perfectem w angielszczyźnie zarówno amerykańskiej jak i brytyjskiej, zwłaszcza w oficjalnej komunikacji pisanej. Użycie tej konstrukcji w Stanach Zjednoczonych zarejestrowano już na początku XIX w. Can z perfectem wyraża wnioskowanie mówiącego odnośnie hipotetycznej sytuacji z przeszłości lub pewność nadawcy, że sytuacja nie wystąpiła w przeszłości. Zatem can wchodzi w interakcję z perfectem i w efekcie wyraża znaczenia epistemiczne. Nadto, negacja podmiotu obejmuje swym zasięgiem cały sąd logiczny i wchodzi w interakcję z can, w wyniku czego powstaje znaczenie pewności mówiącego. Na koniec określono normy, które mogły były przyczynić się do powstania orzeczenia modalnego z can i perfectem.

DECIPHERING THE IMPRESSION OF ADVERTISING THROUGH CHILD ART

The easier and expressive forms of child art are scribbling and drawing. Drawing made by children, mirror their personality and understanding of their cultural environment. It also helps them in expressing their feelings, emotions, preferences, likes, dislikes, fears, joy, and so on. Sometimes the art and drawing unveil information which they do not express through verbal or written communication. In this digital era, children get exposed to a lot of advertisements through various media. Some of these advertisements have a long-lasting impact on them. The advertised message or some visuals of the advertisement may remain in their conscious or subconscious memory. Advertisers also make efforts to ensure that their message retains in the memory of young prospects. Because when these prospects make the buying decision, the probability of it being in the brand’s favour increases. Advertising has a huge influence on the young, tender, and impressionable minds of the children. It reflects in their action and personality. In this research study, I tried to understand the impact of advertisements on children through deciphering their drawings. The children under this research study are from the age group of 8 to 12 years. Their drawings were studied to understand the impression of advertisements on them. The result shows that the advertisements have a noticeable impact on the children which is visible in their drawings.

Embedded Genres

The concept of the embedded genre is of crucial importance if we want to understand the way genres interact, within any given text, within any given genre, and in forming larger genre patterns. By discussing a tentative distinction between three kinds of embedding, “recontextualized embedding” (from Bakhtin), “contextualized embedding” (from Orlikowski & Yates), and “element genre” (from Swales and Martin), the present study initiates an unraveling of some of the intricacies involved in genre embedding. This demonstrates why genre research as well as studies of written communication can profit from integrating an expanded understanding of genre embedding in its theoretical deliberations and analytical work.

La comunicazione diplomatica tra Istanbul e Venezia nel XV e XVI sec.: fenomeni di contatto interlinguistico e comportamenti pragmalinguistici

Modern Mediterranean is a multicultural and multilingual environment where written communication shows a high variability. The present work aims atshedding light on a specific set of Greek documents dating from the 15th and 16th century and belonging to the collection Miscellanea Documenti Turchi of the Venetian State Archive. It proposes that, by analysing the lexical variability, the textual patterns and the pragma-linguistic features of such documents, their production can be explained within the framework of a text community which develops within a community of practice.

Dynamics of conversations

Chapter 5 analyses the political conversations that Cicero transmitted in direct style from the point of view of conversational analysis, dissecting their dynamics and revealing how they constructed relationships and provided an outlet for self-representation during power struggles. Such conversations allowed the deployment of persuasiveness, tentative questions, sous-entendres, and the circulation of information that written communication could not provide. An analysis of conversational dynamics has revealed that certain elements consistently recur. First, there is the presence of political speculations and predictions about the future. Secondly, we can point to the presence of feelings and impressions, either as a result of the conversation or concerning the other speaker. The chapter argues that such conversations should be considered a constituent part of political culture.

PROCEDURE FOR COOPERATIVE PROFESSIONALLY ORIENTED WRITTEN COMMUNICATION OF PROSPECTIVE PROGRAMMERS

In the age of information and communication technologies the English language plays a significant role both in oral and written communication. The successful performance of computer programming specialists largely depends on their level of lexical competence, so a university course of English for specific purposes (ESP) focused on its development, can be exceedingly useful in the professional training of prospective programmers. This study aims at investigating the effectiveness of the collaborative professional written communication in ESP classrooms to enhance future programmers’ writing skills as well as improve their English lexical competence. To validate the efficiency of the algorithm, the author conducted experimental teaching of the 5th-year students of the Faculty of Applied Mathematics and Informatics at Ivan Franko Lviv National University in 2017‒2018 academic year. The stages of the algorithm implemented in order to advance the level of English lexical competence were elaborated. Efficiency of the algorithm has been proved on the basis of the results obtained from pre- and post- experimental assessment of students from experimental and control groups. On a practical level, the participants’ writing skills were examined through an English written test prior to and after cooperative learning activities were provided. Growth rate in students from experimental group significantly exceeded the students’ results in the control group. Thus, the efficacy of the suggested algorithm used for developing lexical competence in computer programming students has been proved. In light of the findings, the researcher indicates that teachers can benefit from applying the proposed methodology for collaborative professional writing in English classes, which may in turn develop students’ writing skills and improve their English lexical competence.