scholarly journals Detection of urinary leishmanial antigen by latex agglutination test (KAtex) in kala-azar patients

1970 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 216-222 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md Abdus Salam ◽  
Dinesh Mondal ◽  
Mamun Kabir ◽  
Rashidul Haque
Keyword(s):  
Visceral Leishmaniasis ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Medical Science ◽  
Latex Agglutination ◽  
Agglutination Test ◽  
Latex Agglutination Test ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Predictive Values ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Kala Azar

Background: A new unique latex agglutination test (KAtex) that detects a stable, nonprotein, disease specific parasite antigen in the freshly voided urine of patients suffering from active kala-azar has been introduced by Kalon Biological Ltd. UK. This is absolutely non-invasive method of diagnosis for visceral leishmaniasis and suitable for implementation as a rapid diagnostic tool at the point of care. Objective: Diagnostic potential of KAtex was evaluated among clinically suspected kala-azar patients in an endemic zone of Bangladesh. Methodology: KAtex was done using freshly voided urine according to the manufacturer’s instructions for sixty (60) clinically suspected patients of kala-azar admitted in Rajshahi Medical College Hospital (RMCH), Bangladesh and forty (40) healthy controls during December 2005 to June 2006. Leishmania nested Polymerase Chain Reaction (Ln-PCR) using peripheral blood buffy coat was performed for all study population (100) and Ln-PCR positive cases were considered as confirmed cases of kalaazar. Results: Out of 60 clinically suspected kala-azar patients, 56 were Ln-PCR positive and 53 of 56 Ln-PCR positive cases were KAtex positive (sensitivity, 94.64%; Mantel-Haenszel Chi sq. 79.66, p= 0.0000, confidence interval [CI], >95 to 100%). None of the healthy controls was found positive by Ln-PCR but 2 of 40 were KAtex positive (specificity, 95%; confidence interval [CI], >95 to 100%). The positive and negative predictive values of KAtex were noted as 98.10% and 92.85% respectively. Conclusion: This limited prospective study suggests that KAtex is an absolutely non-invasive urinebased antigen detection test with high sensitivity and specificity and may be useful for screening active kala-azar patients, particularly suitable for field use. Key words: Visceral leishmaniasis; Kala-azar; KAtex; Ln-PCR; sensitivity; specificity. DOI: 10.3329/bjms.v9i4.6688Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.09 No.4 July 2010 pp.216-222

Latex agglutination test for the detection of urinary antigens in visceral leishmaniasis

Acta Tropica ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 78 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zamil J Attar ◽  
Michael L Chance ◽  
Sayda el-Safi ◽  
James Carney ◽  
Ahmed Azazy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visceral Leishmaniasis ◽  
Latex Agglutination ◽  
Agglutination Test ◽  
Latex Agglutination Test

scholarly journals Diagnostic accuracy of urinary latex agglutination test (KAtex) for the diagnosis of visceral leishmaniasis: A meta-analysis

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 1045-1051 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Fararouei ◽  
Bahador Sarkari ◽  
Samaneh Abdolahi Khabisi ◽  
Zahra Rezaei
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
Visceral Leishmaniasis ◽  
Diagnostic Accuracy ◽  
Sensitivity And Specificity ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Latex Agglutination ◽  
Agglutination Test ◽  
Latex Agglutination Test ◽  
Receiver Operating Curve ◽  
Significant Difference

Latex agglutination test (KAtex) has been used in the last two decades for the diagnosis of visceral leishmaniasis (VL) in different VL-endemic areas. Here, we present a meta-analysis of studies which evaluated the KAtex for the diagnosis of VL to find out its overall diagnostic performance. A database search was performed on PubMed, Scopus, ISI Web of Science, Iranmedex and Google Scholar. The search of databases found 57 papers, of which 17 articles fulfilled our eligibility criteria. Meta-analysis of diagnostic accuracy (MADA) and Hierarchical Summary Receiver Operating Curve (HSROC) packages were used to do the meta-analysis and to obtain pooled estimates of sensitivity and specificity. Fixed effect bivariate analysis was conducted, using Mantel-Haenszel estimator, to measure the performance and diagnosis odds ratio (DOR) of the test. Heterogeneity of the test results was assessed by Chi-squared test. The sensitivity of individual studies ranged from 39.8 to 100%, and the specificity ranged from 64 to100%. The combined sensitivity and specificity estimates of KAtex were 77% (95% CI, 70-83%), and 97% (95% CI, 93-97%), respectively. Comparing the performance of the test by region suggests a significant difference where the lowest and highest sensitivities are reported from Nepal/Tunisia and Europe/Middle East respectively (p < 0.05). On the other hand, the lowest and highest rates of specificity were reported from Sudan and America/Middle East respectively. The overall specificity of KAtex is satisfactory. However, KAtex suffers from low sensitivity and this shortcoming should be improved. The test provides a rapid and simple diagnosis of VL and improvement of its sensitivity deserve further studies.

scholarly journals Evaluation of a urinary antigen-based latex agglutination test in the diagnosis of kala-azar in eastern Nepal

2004 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 724-729 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Rijal ◽  
M. Boelaert ◽  
S. Regmi ◽  
B. M. S. Karki ◽  
D. Jacquet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Latex Agglutination ◽  
Agglutination Test ◽  
Latex Agglutination Test ◽  
Urinary Antigen ◽  
Kala Azar

scholarly journals Field evaluation of latex agglutination test for detecting urinary antigens in visceral leishmaniasis in Sudan

2003 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 844-855
Author(s):  
S. H. El Safi ◽  
A. Abdel Haleem ◽  
I. El Basha ◽  
A. Omer ◽  
H. G. Kareem ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visceral Leishmaniasis ◽  
Field Evaluation ◽  
Latex Agglutination ◽  
Agglutination Test ◽  
Latex Agglutination Test ◽  
Direct Agglutination Test ◽  
Poor Agreement ◽  
Simple Addition ◽  
Smear Negative ◽  
Good Agreement

A latex agglutination test to detect urinary antigens for visceral leishmaniasis [VL] was studied. In 204 patients with suspected VL, KAtex had a sensitivity of 95.2% with good agreement with microscopy smears but poor agreement with 4 different serology tests. It was also positive in 2 confirmed VL cases co-infected with HIV. In all KAtex-positive confirmed cases actively followed up after treatment, the test became negative 1 month after completion of treatment. While KAtex had a specificity of 100% in healthy endemic and non-endemic controls, the direct agglutination test [DAT] was positive in 14% of the KAtex-negative healthy endemic controls. KAtex is a simple addition to the diagnostics of VL particularly at field level and as a complementary test for the diagnosis of VL in smear-negative cases with positive DAT results

scholarly journals Comparison of Two Latex Agglutination Test Kits for Serum Myoglobin in the Exclusion of Acute Myocardial Infarction

1989 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 254-258 ◽  
Author(s):  
C H Konings ◽  
A J Funke Küpper ◽  
F W A Verheugt
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Acute Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Emergency Department ◽  
Rapid Detection ◽  
Latex Agglutination ◽  
Agglutination Test ◽  
Latex Agglutination Test ◽  
Predictive Values ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Serum Myoglobin

The Myolex (Orion) and the RapiTex (Behringwerke) latex agglutination tests for the rapid detection of elevated levels of serum myoglobin were studied prospectively in patients suspected of acute myocardial infarction, who were admitted to hospital within 8 h of pain onset. Using admission blood samples drawn 3·4 ± 2·0 h (mean ± SD) after onset of symptoms, the negative predictive values of both tests were too low to use these assays in the early exclusion of myocardial infarction in the emergency department. However, the negative predictive values obtained with the second blood samples, drawn 4 h later, indicated that the myoglobin agglutination test could be of value in the exclusion of myocardial infarction.

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