scholarly journals Influence of salt marsh ecosystem on the concentration and emission of CO2 from the Wadden sea coast soil of northern Germany

2017 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 101-109
Author(s):  
Md Harunor Rashid Khan
Keyword(s):  
Salt Marsh ◽  
Vegetation Cover ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Mean Annual Temperature ◽  
Redox Potentials ◽  
Surface Soils ◽  
Coastal Salt Marsh ◽  
Average Maximum ◽  
Soil Temperatures ◽  
The Mean

A field study was conducted to evaluate the possible factors controlling the fluxes of carbon dioxide along a toposequence of daily to seasonally flooded coastal salt marsh soils. The soil at the top end of the salt marsh (with a height of 1.8 m above sea level (a.s.l.) and a dense vegetation cover) was salic silty to clayic (Typic Sulfaquent), while the soil at the bottom end (with some salt bushes and a 1.4 m a.s.l.) was sandy to silty (Haplic Sulfaquent). The mean (depth: 0 - 100 cm) values of pH were around 7, and of redox potentials (Eh) in the Typic Sulfaquent ranged from -162 to + 104 mV during all the seasons. The average net-emission of CO2 (-14.0 g m-2 a-1) above the vegetation cover was negative for the Haplic Sulfaquent but highly positive for Typic Sulfaquent round the year (857 g m-2 a-1). The average maximum concentrations of CO2 were detected within the surface soils 20 to 40 cm in both the profiles. In the surface soils of 0 to 20 cm the concentrations of CO2 measured were relatively low though the values were about 5 to 20 times higher than that of the atmospheric (0.35 g/v) concentration. For the average of two Haplic Sulfaquents, the soil temperatures were almost 2°C higher than that of the Typic Sulfaquent and it was also 2.5°C higher than the mean annual temperature (9.5°C) of the soils. The current results show that the CO2 fluxes seasonally varied significantly and for certain periods of the year the coastal salt marsh soils can act either as a sink or source for atmospheric CO2 depending on the physical and chemical properties of the soils.Bangladesh J. Sci. Res. 29(2): 101-109, December-2016

scholarly journals Fluxes of methane and distribution of sulfate as influenced by coastal salt-marsh soil ecosystem of Northern Germany

2017 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
pp. 177-186
Author(s):  
HR Khan
Keyword(s):  
Salt Marsh ◽  
Wadden Sea ◽  
Redox Potentials ◽  
Northern Germany ◽  
Annual Average ◽  
Marsh Soil ◽  
Coastal Salt Marsh ◽  
Salt Marsh Soil ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Sea Coast

The study was conducted in Schleswig-Holstein at the Wadden sea coast of Northern Germany to evaluate the possible factors controlling methane (CH4) and sulfate (SO4) dynamics along a toposequence of daily to seasonally ?ooded coastal salt marsh soils. The soil at the top end  of the salt marsh (with a height of 1.8 m above sea level: a.s.l. and a dense vegetation cover) was salic silty to clayic Typic Sulfaquent, while  the soil at the bottom end (with some salt bushes and a 1.4 m a.s.l.) was sandy to silty Haplic Sulfaquent. The mean (depth: 0-100 cm) values  of pH were around 7, and of redox potentials in the Typic Sulfaquent were ranged from -162 to +104 mV during all the seasons. The annual average emissions of CH4 were almost 10 fold higher (0.3 g m-2 a-1) in Haplic Sulfaquent than that (0.03 g m-2 a-1) of the Typic Sulfaquent. In all the pro?les, the concentrations of CH4 were very low and varied signi?cantly (p?0.05) with the seasons and soil depths. The concentrations of CH4 showed no dependence to temperature. The SO4 contents were observed maximum in the Typic Sulfaquent followed by Haplic  Sulfaquent during all the seasons. There is no noticeable correlation was obtained between the SO4 and CH4 concentrations. Moreover, even CH4 was determined at depths where the SO4 concentration in the soil solution was around 1200 mg SO4 L-1.Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res. 52(3), 177-186, 2017

Classification of ligneous vegetation into Plant Functional Types for a dynamic reconstitution of Neolithic vegetation cover in Occitania Mediterranean seashores

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehdi Saqalli ◽  
Marianne Cahierre ◽  
Odile Peyron ◽  
Julien Azuara ◽  
Nathalie Combourieu-Nebout ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vegetation Cover ◽  
Plant Functional Types ◽  
Mean Annual Temperature ◽  
Tolerance Interval ◽  
Clustering Methods ◽  
Tolerance Intervals ◽  
Local Variance ◽  
Functional Types ◽  
The Mean

<p>Formalizing the connections existing between socio-ecosystem components implies establishing the dynamical links between both societies and vegetation cover types along time and space. In order to synthesize knowledge of Mediterranean paleo-environments and populations, the MISTRALS PaleoMex program aims at developing a step by step multidisciplinary and spatialized model of the climate, vegetation and human implantations in the Mediterranean seashores of Occitania Province (France) during the Neolithic Eras. The first step is to reconstruct the vegetation covers in the absence of humans. For this, 95 tree and bush species known to have grown in the region in Neolithic times are considered, which combining present-time species, historical data and pollen sequences. These species are then grouped in Plant Functional Types (PFTs) according to their tolerance to three factors: the mean annual temperature, the pH and the soil water balance. Two clustering methods were first tested: HCA (Hierarchical Clustering Analysis) and k-means based on the species’ tolerance interval for each factors. The resulting PFTs were well-defined enough to statistically explain the total ecological variance but were misleading botanically speaking, by failing in identifying clearly well-known PFTs such as the pioneer groups. A third method was thus assessed based on group species’ overlap of their tolerance intervals. Only 80% of the total variance was explained but the resulting 8 PFTs are more representative of natural species associations including a well-identified pioneer species PFT. Further investigations may be pursued to reach a total of 11 PFT groups in order to explain 95% of the total local variance. This PFT stock will be assessed using a virtual spatialized cellular automaton model with a 1ha spatial resolution and seasonal timescale. Elevation, pedology and dynamic climatology for each season and hectare will allow deciphering the spatial and dynamic evolution of the vegetation cover as a localized repartition of these PFTs.</p>

scholarly journals Towards Understanding Variability in Droughts in Response to Extreme Climate Conditions over the Different Agro-Ecological Zones of Pakistan

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 6910
Author(s):  
Adil Dilawar ◽  
Baozhang Chen ◽  
Arfan Arshad ◽  
Lifeng Guo ◽  
Muhammad Irfan Ehsan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
Precipitation Extremes ◽  
Climate Mitigation ◽  
Mean Annual Temperature ◽  
Climate Extreme ◽  
Ecological Zones ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Agro Ecological Zones

Here, we provided a comprehensive analysis of long-term drought and climate extreme patterns in the agro ecological zones (AEZs) of Pakistan during 1980–2019. Drought trends were investigated using the standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index (SPEI) at various timescales (SPEI-1, SPEI-3, SPEI-6, and SPEI-12). The results showed that droughts (seasonal and annual) were more persistent and severe in the southern, southwestern, southeastern, and central parts of the region. Drought exacerbated with slopes of −0.02, −0.07, −0.08, −0.01, and −0.02 per year. Drought prevailed in all AEZs in the spring season. The majority of AEZs in Pakistan’s southern, middle, and southwestern regions had experienced substantial warming. The mean annual temperature minimum (Tmin) increased faster than the mean annual temperature maximum (Tmax) in all zones. Precipitation decreased in the southern, northern, central, and southwestern parts of the region. Principal component analysis (PCA) revealed a robust increase in temperature extremes with a variance of 76% and a decrease in precipitation extremes with a variance of 91% in the region. Temperature and precipitation extremes indices had a strong Pearson correlation with drought events. Higher temperatures resulted in extreme drought (dry conditions), while higher precipitation levels resulted in wetting conditions (no drought) in different AEZs. In most AEZs, drought occurrences were more responsive to precipitation. The current findings are helpful for climate mitigation strategies and specific zonal efforts are needed to alleviate the environmental and societal impacts of drought.

Cattail Invasion and Persistence in a Coastal Salt Marsh: The Role of Salinity Reduction

Estuaries ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 165 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pamela A. Beare ◽  
Joy B. Zedler
Keyword(s):  
Salt Marsh ◽  
Coastal Salt Marsh ◽  
Salinity Reduction

scholarly journals Latitudinal distribution of microbial communities in anaerobic biological stabilization ponds: effect of the mean annual temperature

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 834-845 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mengdong Yuan ◽  
Jing Zhu ◽  
Cheng Wang ◽  
Mengxiong Wu ◽  
Faqian Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Communities ◽  
Mean Annual Temperature ◽  
Latitudinal Distribution ◽  
Stabilization Ponds ◽  
The Mean

scholarly journals Near-Continuous Monitoring of a Coastal Salt Marsh Margin: Implications to Predicting Marsh Edge Erosion

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jack A. Cadigan ◽  
Navid Jafari ◽  
Nan Wang ◽  
Qin Jim Chen ◽  
Ling Zhu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salt Marsh ◽  
Continuous Monitoring ◽  
Marsh Edge ◽  
Coastal Salt Marsh

Accumulation and Output of Heavy Metals by the Invasive Plant Spartina alterniflora in a Coastal Salt Marsh

Pedosphere ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (6) ◽  
pp. 884-894 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lian CHEN ◽  
Jianhua GAO ◽  
Qingguang ZHU ◽  
Yaping WANG ◽  
Yang YANG
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Salt Marsh ◽  
Spartina Alterniflora ◽  
Invasive Plant ◽  
Coastal Salt Marsh

scholarly journals Large-Eddy Simulations of a Drizzling, Stratocumulus-Topped Marine Boundary Layer

2009 ◽  
Vol 137 (3) ◽  
pp. 1083-1110 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew S. Ackerman ◽  
Margreet C. vanZanten ◽  
Bjorn Stevens ◽  
Verica Savic-Jovcic ◽  
Christopher S. Bretherton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Boundary Layer ◽  
Marine Boundary Layer ◽  
Cloud Water ◽  
Large Eddy Simulations ◽  
Cloud Base ◽  
Entrainment Rate ◽  
Liquid Water Path ◽  
Average Maximum ◽  
Large Eddy ◽  
The Mean

Abstract Cloud water sedimentation and drizzle in a stratocumulus-topped boundary layer are the focus of an intercomparison of large-eddy simulations. The context is an idealized case study of nocturnal stratocumulus under a dry inversion, with embedded pockets of heavily drizzling open cellular convection. Results from 11 groups are used. Two models resolve the size distributions of cloud particles, and the others parameterize cloud water sedimentation and drizzle. For the ensemble of simulations with drizzle and cloud water sedimentation, the mean liquid water path (LWP) is remarkably steady and consistent with the measurements, the mean entrainment rate is at the low end of the measured range, and the ensemble-average maximum vertical wind variance is roughly half that measured. On average, precipitation at the surface and at cloud base is smaller, and the rate of precipitation evaporation greater, than measured. Including drizzle in the simulations reduces convective intensity, increases boundary layer stratification, and decreases LWP for nearly all models. Including cloud water sedimentation substantially decreases entrainment, decreases convective intensity, and increases LWP for most models. In nearly all cases, LWP responds more strongly to cloud water sedimentation than to drizzle. The omission of cloud water sedimentation in simulations is strongly discouraged, regardless of whether or not precipitation is present below cloud base.

Geochemistry of selenium in a coastal salt marsh

1991 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 179-191 ◽  
Author(s):  
David J. Velinsky ◽  
Gregory A. Cutter
Keyword(s):  
Salt Marsh ◽  
Coastal Salt Marsh
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