scholarly journals Prevalence and Maternal Effects of Hypothyroidism in Pregnancy

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 18-21
Author(s):  
Mahmuda Ashrafi Ferdousi ◽  
Abdullah Al Baki
Keyword(s):  
Maternal Effects ◽  
Thyroid Dysfunction ◽  
Fetal Outcome ◽  
Military Hospital ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Obstetrical Outcome ◽  
The Common ◽  
Few Data ◽  
Age Range ◽  
In Pregnancy

Background: Thyroid disorders are among the common endocrine problems in pregnant women. It is now well established that not only overt but subclinical thyroid dysfunction also has adverse effects on maternal and fetal outcome. There are few data from Bangladesh about the prevalence of thyroid dysfunction in pregnancy. With this background, this study aims to find prevalence of thyroid dysfunction in pregnancy and its impact on obstetrical outcome. Materials and methods: It is an observational study done in a Combined Military Hospital (CMH) Chattogram during the period from February to December 2020 on 130 hypothyroid mothers to observe maternal effects of hypothyroidism. Patients were collected as per inclusion and exclusion criteria after informed written consent. Data was compiled and analyzed and presented. Results: Among 1148 total patients,1018(89%) were normal and 130(11%) were diagnosed as hypothyroid.Among all the patients, 35% patientsare from inside the Chattogram and 65% are from outside. Among 130 hypothyroid cases age range revealed 20-45 years and 20 -30 years age group were 82(63.07%), 30-40 years age group was 40(30.76%) and >40 years age group were 8(6.15%). Primigravida was 48(36.92%) cases and multigravida was 82(63.08%) cases, anemia was present in 40(30.76%) cases, 10(7.69%) patients had hypertension, GDM and DM was found in 20(15.38%)and 3(2.30%) cases respectively, preconception hypothyroidism was found in 10(7.69%) and on Levothyroxine during ANC was 120(92.30%).Among all, 63(48.46%) cases were underwent vaginal delivery and 67(51.53%) cases underwent cesarean section. Untreated and irregular treatment in hypothyroidism are associated with pregnancy complications like spontaneous miscarriage 40(30.76%), maternal anaemia 55(42.30%), pre-eclampsia 4(3.07%), pre term birth 16(12.30%), postpartum haemorrhage 3(2.30%). Conclusion: Hypothyroidism is a common clinical condition during pregnancy and it causes variable pregnancy outcome Chatt Maa Shi Hosp Med Coll J; Vol.20 (2); July 2021; Page 18-21

scholarly journals Overt and subclinical hypothyroidism among Bangladeshi pregnant women and its effect on fetomaternal outcome

2015 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 52-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Sharmeen ◽  
PA Shamsunnahar ◽  
TR Laita ◽  
SB Chowdhury
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Subclinical Hypothyroidism ◽  
Thyroid Dysfunction ◽  
Perinatal Outcomes ◽  
Fetal Outcome ◽  
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone ◽  
Overt Hypothyroidism ◽  
Adequate Treatment ◽  
In Pregnancy

Objectives: Thyroid disorders are among the common endocrine problems in pregnant women. It is now well established that not only overt but subclinical thyroid dysfunction also has adverse effects on maternal and fetal outcome. There are few data from Bangladesh about the prevalence of thyroid dysfunction in pregnancy. With this background, this study aims to find out thyroid dysfunction (both overt and subclinical hypothyroidism) in pregnancy and its impact on obstetrical outcome.Methods: We studied the evaluation of 50 admitted pregnancies corresponding to 29 women with subclinical hypothyroidism and rest 21 was overt hypothyroidism. Detailed history and examination were performed. Apart from routine obstetrical investigations, Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH) estimation was done. Their obstetrical and perinatal outcomes were noted.Results: Overt hypothyroidism was significantly (p<0.05) higher in 25 to 44 years age group. However two and three abortions were significantly (p<0.05) higher in overt hypothyroidism patients. In sub clinical hypothyroidism 86.2% conceived firstly within 2 years and 66.7% in overt hypothyroidism patients conceived firstly in between 3 to 5 years after marriage. Overt hypothyroids were prone to have pregnancy-induced hypertension 42.9%, intrauterine growth restriction (P=0.001) and gestational diabetes (38.1%) as compared to subclinical cases. Neonatal complications were significantly more in overt hypothyroidism group. Mean TSH level was significantly (p<0.05) higher in overt hypothyroidism patients but mean FT4 level was almost similar in both groups. Majority of the patient underwent caesarean section in both groups due to associated medical and obstetrical complications. None of the babies showed hypothyroidism by cord blood tests. In this analysis our results showed that overt hypothyroidism among Bangladeshi pregnant women are associated with more maternal complication & adverse parental outcome than subclinical hypothyroidism. The adequate treatment of hypothyroidism during gestation minimizes risks and generally, makes it possible for pregnancies to be carried to term without complications. Significant adverse effects on maternal and fetal outcome were seen emphasizing the importance of routine antenatal thyroid screening.Bangladesh Med Res Counc Bull 2014; 40 (2): 52-57

scholarly journals The study of maternal and fetal outcome in pregnant women with thyroid disorders

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (8) ◽  
pp. 3507 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sreelatha S. ◽  
Seema Nadagoudar ◽  
Asha Devi L.
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Thyroid Dysfunction ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Perinatal Outcomes ◽  
Fetal Outcome ◽  
Endocrine Disorders ◽  
Thyroid Disorders ◽  
Thyroid Disorder ◽  
Neonatal Hypothyroidism ◽  
In Pregnancy

Background: Thyroid disorders are among the common endocrine disorders in pregnant women after diabetes mellitus. Several changes are observed in maternal thyroid function during pregnancy and failure to adapt to these physiological changes results in thyroid dysfunction. It is well established that not only overt, but subclinical thyroid dysfunction also has adverse effect on mother and the fetus, like miscarriages, preterm delivery, preeclampsia, eclampsia, polihydromnios, placental abruption, post-partum haemorrhage, low birth weight, neonatal hypothyroidism. Decreased availability of thyroid hormones may also impair neurological and intellectual development of foetus. With this background, we are conducting a study to know the effect of thyroid disorders on pregnancy and its maternal and the fetal outcome.Methods: The present study was conducted in ESI Hospital Rajaji Nagar, Bangalore. It is a prospective study which involved 100 patients diagnosed to have thyroid disorder during their antenatal checkup in the first trimister. It also includes known cases of thyroid disorder. TSH level was estimated. If it is deranged, then FT3 and FT4 levels estimated. Patients were managed accordingly and followed till delivery. Their obstetric and perinatal outcomes were noted.Results: In our study out of 100 cases, 96 cases are subclinical hypohyroid and 4 cases are subclinical hyperthyroid. Subclinical hypothyroidism in pregnancy are associated with abortions (2.1%), Anaemia (4.20%), PIH (14.7%), GDM (4.2%), Preterm labour (3.1%), oligohydromnios (16.67%), Lscs (22.9%), PPH (6.3%), LBW (21.9%), Hyperbilirubinemia (9.4%), NICU admission (14.6%), Which are co-relatine with other studies and hyperthyroid cases in our study were not sufficient for outcome analysis.Conclusions: Thyroid disorders in pregnancy have adverse effects on maternal and fetal outcome emphasizing the importance of routine antenatal thyroid screening.

scholarly journals Abruptio placenta and its maternal and fetal outcome

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. 3323
Author(s):  
Ritu Mishra ◽  
Aditya Prakash Misra
Keyword(s):  
Neonatal Morbidity ◽  
Fetal Outcome ◽  
Age Group ◽  
College Hospital ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Maternal Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Abruptio Placenta ◽  
The Common

Background: Abruptio placenta is one of the common cause of antepartum haemorrhage and is defined as premature separation of normally implanted placenta. It is more common in second half of pregnancy. Abruptio placenta is serious complication of pregnancy and causes high maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality.Methods: This retrospective study of abruptio and its maternal and perinatal outcome was carried out between July 2016 and October 2017 at Rama Medical College Hospital and research centre.Results: Incidence of Abruptio placenta is 1.6%. It is most common in the women of age group 30-35 years. 75% of cases were associated with severe pre-eclampsia. Live births were 75% while stillbirths were 25%. PPH occurred in 30% of cases. DIC accounts for 25% of the complication.Conclusions: Abruptio placenta is life threatening complication of pregnancy and it is associated with poor maternal and fetal outcome if not managed appropriately. Hence early diagnosis and prompt resuscitative measures would prevent both perinatal and maternal mortality and morbidity.

scholarly journals Thyroid disorder in antenatal women in sub-himalayan region: a need for universal screening

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (8) ◽  
pp. 3445
Author(s):  
Swati Dubey ◽  
Anup Pradhan
Keyword(s):  
Gestational Age ◽  
Subclinical Hypothyroidism ◽  
Universal Screening ◽  
Thyroid Dysfunction ◽  
Fetal Outcome ◽  
Thyroid Disorder ◽  
Singleton Pregnancy ◽  
Adverse Pregnancy ◽  
Pregnant State ◽  
In Pregnancy

Background: Thyroid dysfunction constitutes the second most common endocrine disorder of pregnancy, associated with adverse maternal and fetal outcome and is often overlooked in pregnancy due to their nonspecific symptoms and the hypermetabolic pregnant state. Objective of present study was to establish the prevalence of thyroid dysfunction, study the effects in pregnancy in sub-himalayan population and whether universal screening for thyroid dysfunction is required.Methods: The study was conducted on 200 patients in the age group of 20 to 35 years with a singleton pregnancy and gestational age between 6 to 24 weeks.Results: In the 200 women screened, the prevalence of thyroid dysfunction was found to be 14% with 8% having subclinical hypothyroidism while an equal percentage of 2% having clinical hypothyroidism, subclinical hyperthyroidism and clinical hyperthyroidism. The mean age of patients with subclinical hypothyroidism was 28.6 ± 4.9 years, with thyroid disorder in pregnancy being significantly more common in primigravida. Statistically significant association was found between patients with thyroid dysfunction and abortions, preeclampsia, preterm labor, small for gestational age, low birth weight, and admission to NICU.Conclusions: Prevalence of thyroid dysfunction was found to be high in our study, particularly subclinical hypothyroidism and was associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes; hence, more research is required in the Sub-Himalayan goitre belt to assess the magnitude of the problem and formulate universal screening protocols in this particular subset of the Indian population accordingly.

scholarly journals Prevalence of thyroid dysfunction and impact on maternal and fetal outcome in Central Indian pregnant women

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (10) ◽  
pp. 4666
Author(s):  
Joysee Pokhanna ◽  
Urvi Gupta ◽  
Madhuri Alwani ◽  
Shruti Pathak Tiwari
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Growth Retardation ◽  
Thyroid Dysfunction ◽  
Intrauterine Growth Retardation ◽  
Fetal Outcome ◽  
Overt Hypothyroidism ◽  
Fetal Outcomes ◽  
Intrauterine Growth ◽  
In Pregnancy

Introduction: Thyroid dysfunctions have become common endocrine problems in pregnant women. It is now well established that not only overt, but subclinical thyroid dysfunction also has adverse effects on maternal and fetal outcome. There are very few data from India about the prevalence of thyroid dysfunction in pregnancy. In this study, we determined the prevalence of thyroid dysfunction in pregnancy and its impact on obstetrical outcome in Central Indian Indore Pregnant Women.Methods: Total 300 pregnant women between the 13 and 26 weeks of gestation were recruited for this study who is residing in Indore. In all patients routine obstetrical investigations, TSH tests were done. Anti-TPO antibody tests and Free T4 were done in patients with deranged TSH. The obstetrical and perinatal outcomes were recorded. Almost all the patients were followed up to delivery.Results: The prevalence of hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism was 13 and 4%, respectively. Adverse maternal effects in overt hypothyroidism included preeclampsia (22.2 versus 11.6%) and placental abruption (22.2 versus 2.0%). Subclinical hypothyroidism was associated with preeclampsia (30.0 versus 11.6%) as compared to the euthyroid patients. Adverse fetal outcomes in overt hypothyroidism included spontaneous abortion (22.2 versus 6.6%), preterm birth (44.4 versus 30.0%), low birth weight (66.6 versus 30.0%), intrauterine growth retardation (33.3 versus 10.0%), and fetal death (22.2 versus 0%) as compared to the euthyroid women. Adverse fetal outcomes in subclinical hypothyroidism included spontaneous abortion (2.0 versus 6.6%), preterm delivery (5.2 versus 30.0%), low birth weight (11.2 versus 30.0%), and intrauterine growth retardation (4.4 versus 10 %) as compared to the euthyroid women.Conclusions: The prevalence of thyroid disorders was high in our study with associated adverse maternal and fetal outcomes. Routine screening of thyroid dysfunction is recommended to prevent adverse fetal and maternal outcome.

scholarly journals A Study on Prevalence of Anaemia in Pregnancy among the Women Reporting for Antenatal Care in Combined Military Hospital, Dhaka Cantonment

2018 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 103-110
Author(s):  
Md Lutfur Rahman ◽  
Zebun Nessa ◽  
Sabrina Yesmin ◽  
Md Hafizur Rahman ◽  
Choudhury Faisal Md Manzurur Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Family Size ◽  
Income Group ◽  
Antenatal Clinic ◽  
Military Hospital ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Cultural Belief ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Anaemia In Pregnancy ◽  
In Pregnancy

Background: Anemia is regarded as a major risk factor for unfavorable outcome of pregnancy both for the mother and the fetus. Maternal anaemia is a common problem in pregnancy, particularly in developing countries.Aims: To determine the prevalence of anaemia in pregnancy and to find out the haemoglobin level of pregnant women reporting for antenatal checkup among the women reporting for antenatal care in Combined Military Hospital Dhaka.Method: This is a descriptive cross sectional study was done in the antenatal clinic at CMH Dhaka. One eighty four (184) pregnant women attending antenatal clinic at CMH Dhaka including CWC under CMH Dhaka were included for the study. The data were collected from 1st May 2001 to 31st May 2001 at the antenatal clinic, combined Military Hospital. Dhaka where pregnant women reported for antenatal check up. The data were collected by interviewing respondents in different dates & day of the week at different CWC and CMI-I Dhaka. Prior to the interview the respondents were explained clearly the objective of the study and sought their co-operation. The authority of CMH Dhaka was given prior information through issuing letter from AFMI. The respondent was assured on ethical point of view that strict secrecy would be maintained. Data were collected by the following methods: Interview Method; Laboratory Investigation for Hb estimation and Scrutinization of antenatal check up card.Results: A total of 184 pregnant women of them 70 were primi gravida and 114 were multigravida. The prevalence of anaemia as per WHO cutoff points was 56.52% (<11.0 g/dl). The mean age was 24.96 ± 4.49 years. The age groups 20-24 was the maximum. Out of 184 women 104 women was ariaemic. 15-24 age group was more anaemic (57.42%) than the 25-39 age group (55.42%) but the difference was not statistically significant, P>0.05. The prevalence of anaemia was higher in Illiterate (100%), lowest in degree and above level education group (48.48%). The maximum women (64.13%) belong to lowest income group. (Tk 2500-5000) Anaemia was the most common in the lowest income group (60.50%). The prevalence of anaemia was the highest among the family size 6 and above group (75%) and lowest in 2-3 family size group. Anaemia was more prevalent among high parity group (75%) and lowest in ‘0’ parity group (52.28%) but the difference was not statistically significant (P > 0.05). Multigravida were found more anaemic (62.28%) contrast to prirnigravida (47.14%) which was statistically significant (P<0.05). The prevalence of anaemia was less in higher birth interval group but the difference was not statistically significant (P>0.05). About the cultural belief only 33 women were found having cultural belief of avoiding food during pregnancy (17.93%) and anaemia was more prevalent among them (57.57%) but the difference was statistically significant (P>.05). In this study 14.13% women had concomitant illness during pregnancy. In this study 15 women had caesarian section of which 10 were anaemic (75%) and there was one Forcep delivery (non-anaemic).Conclusion: In this study anaemia is more prevalent among younger age group women (15-24), with less educated group low income group, large family size group, high parity and high gravida, less birth spacing and also in women having concomitant illness. Anaemia is more prevalent among women having cultural belief on avoiding food during pregnancy. The findings of this study may not reflect the overall picture of the country. It does not differ much from the results of similar studies at national level. However, this study can be a base for further studies in a broader perspective.J Dhaka Medical College, Vol. 26, No.2, October, 2017, Page 103-110

scholarly journals STUDY OF MATERNAL AND FETAL OUTCOME OF GRAND MULTIPARA.

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Payal Anandbhai Hadiya ◽  
Dipti. C. Parmar
Keyword(s):  
Perinatal Outcomes ◽  
Fetal Outcome ◽  
Caesarian Section ◽  
Government Medical College ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Obstetrics And Gynaecology ◽  
Grand Multiparity ◽  
Fetal Complications ◽  
The Common ◽  
In Pregnancy

Background: Pregnancies in grand multipara have been considered risky for many decades as there are higher chances of complications during pregnancy, labour and puerperium in these women. This study aims to find out various maternal and fetal complications associated with grand multiparty during pregnancy and labour. Methods: A descriptive observational study was conducted in the department of obstetrics and gynaecology of Sir T General hospital and Government medical college and hospital, Bhavnagar, Gujarat, from May 2019 till April 2020. It includes 185 cases of grand multipara women. All the women who delivered had four or more previous viable pregnancies were included in the study. Results: In the total 185 cases that were included in the study, the common medical illnesses found in grand multipara were anemia (25.40%), preeclampsia/ eclampsia (4.86%) and gestational diabetics mellitus (1.86%). Other complications observed were   malpresentations (2.70). Caesarian section was required in 16.21% of the cases. In perinatal outcomes, 9.72% births were still birth. 34.59% babies were of low birth weight. Conclusion: Grand multiparity remains a risk in pregnancy and is associated with an increased prevalence of maternal and neonatal complications but it might be unjustifiable to attribute all risk to parity alone, risk assessment should be based on age, past obstetric and medical history. Keywords: Grand Multipara, Maternal outcome, fetal outcome

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