scholarly journals Prevalence of thyroid dysfunction and impact on maternal and fetal outcome in Central Indian pregnant women

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (10) ◽  
pp. 4666
Author(s):  
Joysee Pokhanna ◽  
Urvi Gupta ◽  
Madhuri Alwani ◽  
Shruti Pathak Tiwari
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Growth Retardation ◽  
Thyroid Dysfunction ◽  
Intrauterine Growth Retardation ◽  
Fetal Outcome ◽  
Overt Hypothyroidism ◽  
Fetal Outcomes ◽  
Intrauterine Growth ◽  
In Pregnancy

Introduction: Thyroid dysfunctions have become common endocrine problems in pregnant women. It is now well established that not only overt, but subclinical thyroid dysfunction also has adverse effects on maternal and fetal outcome. There are very few data from India about the prevalence of thyroid dysfunction in pregnancy. In this study, we determined the prevalence of thyroid dysfunction in pregnancy and its impact on obstetrical outcome in Central Indian Indore Pregnant Women.Methods: Total 300 pregnant women between the 13 and 26 weeks of gestation were recruited for this study who is residing in Indore. In all patients routine obstetrical investigations, TSH tests were done. Anti-TPO antibody tests and Free T4 were done in patients with deranged TSH. The obstetrical and perinatal outcomes were recorded. Almost all the patients were followed up to delivery.Results: The prevalence of hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism was 13 and 4%, respectively. Adverse maternal effects in overt hypothyroidism included preeclampsia (22.2 versus 11.6%) and placental abruption (22.2 versus 2.0%). Subclinical hypothyroidism was associated with preeclampsia (30.0 versus 11.6%) as compared to the euthyroid patients. Adverse fetal outcomes in overt hypothyroidism included spontaneous abortion (22.2 versus 6.6%), preterm birth (44.4 versus 30.0%), low birth weight (66.6 versus 30.0%), intrauterine growth retardation (33.3 versus 10.0%), and fetal death (22.2 versus 0%) as compared to the euthyroid women. Adverse fetal outcomes in subclinical hypothyroidism included spontaneous abortion (2.0 versus 6.6%), preterm delivery (5.2 versus 30.0%), low birth weight (11.2 versus 30.0%), and intrauterine growth retardation (4.4 versus 10 %) as compared to the euthyroid women.Conclusions: The prevalence of thyroid disorders was high in our study with associated adverse maternal and fetal outcomes. Routine screening of thyroid dysfunction is recommended to prevent adverse fetal and maternal outcome.

scholarly journals Prevalence of overt and subclinical thyroid dysfunction among women and its effects on maternal and fetal outcome

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 2123
Author(s):  
Puja Kumari ◽  
Sadhana Singh
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Growth Retardation ◽  
Subclinical Hypothyroidism ◽  
Thyroid Dysfunction ◽  
Intrauterine Growth Retardation ◽  
Fetal Outcome ◽  
Overt Hypothyroidism ◽  
Intrauterine Growth

Background: Objective of present study was to determine the current prevalence of thyroid dysfunction in normal pregnant women and to study the impact of thyroid dysfunction on maternal and fetal outcome.Methods: 400 pregnant women between 13 and 26 weeks of gestation were registered for the study. Apart from routine obstetrical investigations, TSH tests were done. Free T4 and anti-TPO antibody tests were done in patients with deranged TSH. Patients were followed up till delivery. Their obstetrical and perinatal outcomes were noted.Results: The prevalence of hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism was and 1.25%, respectively. Adverse maternal effects in overt hypothyroidism included preeclampsia (16.6 vs. 7.8%) and placental abruption (16.6 vs. 0.8%). Subclinical hypothyroidism was associated with preeclampsia (22.3 vs. 7.8%) as compared to the euthyroid patients. Adverse fetal outcome in overt hypothyroidism  included spontaneous abortion (16.6 vs. 2.39%), preterm birth (33.3 vs. 5.8%), low birth weight (50 vs. 12.11%), intrauterine growth retardation (25 vs. 4.9%), and fetal death (16.6 vs.7%) as compared to the euthyroid women. Adverse fetal outcomes in subclinical hypothyroidism included spontaneous abortion (5.5 vs. 2.39%), preterm delivery (11.2 vs. 5.8%), low birth weight (25 vs. 12.11%), and intrauterine growth retardation (8.4 vs. 4.9%) as compared to the euthyroid women.Conclusions: The prevalence of thyroid disorders was high in our study with associated adverse maternal and fetal outcomes. Routine screening of thyroid dysfunction is recommended to prevent adverse fetal and maternal outcome.

scholarly journals Overt and subclinical hypothyroidism among Bangladeshi pregnant women and its effect on fetomaternal outcome

2015 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 52-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Sharmeen ◽  
PA Shamsunnahar ◽  
TR Laita ◽  
SB Chowdhury
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Subclinical Hypothyroidism ◽  
Thyroid Dysfunction ◽  
Perinatal Outcomes ◽  
Fetal Outcome ◽  
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone ◽  
Overt Hypothyroidism ◽  
Adequate Treatment ◽  
In Pregnancy

Objectives: Thyroid disorders are among the common endocrine problems in pregnant women. It is now well established that not only overt but subclinical thyroid dysfunction also has adverse effects on maternal and fetal outcome. There are few data from Bangladesh about the prevalence of thyroid dysfunction in pregnancy. With this background, this study aims to find out thyroid dysfunction (both overt and subclinical hypothyroidism) in pregnancy and its impact on obstetrical outcome.Methods: We studied the evaluation of 50 admitted pregnancies corresponding to 29 women with subclinical hypothyroidism and rest 21 was overt hypothyroidism. Detailed history and examination were performed. Apart from routine obstetrical investigations, Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH) estimation was done. Their obstetrical and perinatal outcomes were noted.Results: Overt hypothyroidism was significantly (p<0.05) higher in 25 to 44 years age group. However two and three abortions were significantly (p<0.05) higher in overt hypothyroidism patients. In sub clinical hypothyroidism 86.2% conceived firstly within 2 years and 66.7% in overt hypothyroidism patients conceived firstly in between 3 to 5 years after marriage. Overt hypothyroids were prone to have pregnancy-induced hypertension 42.9%, intrauterine growth restriction (P=0.001) and gestational diabetes (38.1%) as compared to subclinical cases. Neonatal complications were significantly more in overt hypothyroidism group. Mean TSH level was significantly (p<0.05) higher in overt hypothyroidism patients but mean FT4 level was almost similar in both groups. Majority of the patient underwent caesarean section in both groups due to associated medical and obstetrical complications. None of the babies showed hypothyroidism by cord blood tests. In this analysis our results showed that overt hypothyroidism among Bangladeshi pregnant women are associated with more maternal complication & adverse parental outcome than subclinical hypothyroidism. The adequate treatment of hypothyroidism during gestation minimizes risks and generally, makes it possible for pregnancies to be carried to term without complications. Significant adverse effects on maternal and fetal outcome were seen emphasizing the importance of routine antenatal thyroid screening.Bangladesh Med Res Counc Bull 2014; 40 (2): 52-57

scholarly journals Oligohydramnios and fetal outcome in term pregnancy

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 347-353
Author(s):  
Hazha Ibrahim ◽  
Zainab Zween
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Cesarean Section ◽  
Amniotic Fluid ◽  
Growth Retardation ◽  
Intrauterine Growth Retardation ◽  
Comparison Group ◽  
Fetal Outcome ◽  
Perinatal Morbidity ◽  
Amniotic Fluid Index ◽  
Intrauterine Growth

Background and objective: Oligohydramnios is defined as an amniotic fluid index less than 5th centile for gestation. It presents a threat to the fetus and has been correlated with increased risk of intrauterine growth retardation, meconium aspiration syndrome, severe birth asphyxia, low APGAR scores, and congenital abnormalities. It is associated with perinatal morbidity and mortality and maternal morbidity in a significant number of cases. Therefore, early detection of oligohydramnios and its management is important. This study aimed to determine the perinatal and maternal outcomes in oligohydramnios. Methods: This retrospective cohort study was carried out at the Maternity Teaching Hospital in Erbil from March 2018 to March 2019. A total of 300 patients were recruited, including 150 pregnant women with oligohydramnios and 150 with normal amniotic fluid index. Results: There was a significant difference between the oligohydramnios group and the comparison group in relation to parity and gestational age. Oligohydramnios was more among primigravids. The rate of cesarean section was higher in oligohydramnios group compared to the comparison group. Intrauterine growth retardation among oligohydramnios group was 13%. Oligohydramnios was associated with birth weight <2500 gm (21.3%). Conclusion: Antepartum diagnosis of severe oligohydramnios at term was associated with an increased cesarean section rate, a higher rate of admission of neonatal care unit, and low birth weight. Therefore, antepartum oligohydramnios is associated with increased perinatal morbidity and mortality. Keywords: Amniotic fluid index; Maternal outcome; Fetal outcome; Oligohydramnios.

Pregnancy Anemia as a Favorable Factor of Premature Birth

2018 ◽  
Vol 69 (7) ◽  
pp. 1886-1888
Author(s):  
Alexandru Oancea ◽  
Casiana Stanescu ◽  
Diana Maria Anastasiu Popov ◽  
Radu Neamtu ◽  
Doru Anastasiu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Growth Retardation ◽  
Premature Birth ◽  
Intrauterine Growth Retardation ◽  
Preterm Births ◽  
Premature Births ◽  
Intrauterine Growth ◽  
Economic Context ◽  
Hb Concentration ◽  
In Pregnancy

Hematological physiological changes during gestation are intended to compensate and support pregnancy-related changes in the woman�s body. In pregnancy there is a dilution of the known Hb concentration known as gestational hemodilution or physiological pregnancy anemia. On a group of 300 pregnant women with different forms of anemia, we followed its implications on the evolution of pregnancy, its role in the determinism of premature labor, and its role in the apparition of intrauterine growth retardation. In 46 cases (15.33%) we reported premature births, in 23 (7.66%) of the cases we considered that anemia was the main (unique) cause of premature birth, in other cases (84.67%) anemia associated with other etiologic factors of premature birth. Comparing the incidence of preterm birth with a group of 300 pregnant women without anemia revealed the incidence of premature birth is 3 times less and is represented by 12 cases (4%) and 2 times less for intrauterine growth retardation represented by 16 cases (5.33%). Pregnancy anemia can cause a frequent pathology with major consequences in pregnancy development during birth and fetal development involving 15.33% of preterm births and 12.35% of cases of intrauterine growth retardation. In the current social and economic context, it is necessary to prophylactically administer iron for pregnant women from 20 weeks of gestation, at least 30mg / day for prophylaxis of pathology due to iron deficiency.

Risk factors for preterm birth, low birth weight, and intrauterine growth retardation in infants born to HIV-infected pregnant women receiving zidovudine

AIDS ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 14 (10) ◽  
pp. 1389-1399 ◽  
Author(s):  
John S. Lambert ◽  
D. Heather Watts ◽  
Lynne Mofenson ◽  
E. Richard Stiehm ◽  
D. Robert Harris ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Preterm Birth ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Growth Retardation ◽  
Intrauterine Growth Retardation ◽  
Intrauterine Growth

Intrauterine Growth and Gestational Duration Determinants

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 80 (4) ◽  
pp. 502-511
Author(s):  
Michael S. Kramer
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Growth Retardation ◽  
Intrauterine Growth Retardation ◽  
Causal Effect ◽  
Public Health Intervention ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Intrauterine Growth ◽  
Modifiable Factors ◽  
Gestational Duration ◽  
Quantitative Importance

Despite the general recognition that low birth weight can be caused by many factors, confusion and controversy remain about which factors have independent causal effects, as well as the quantitative importance of those effects. Previous research findings have often been conflicting because of a failure to distinguish intrauterine growth retardation from prematurity, differences in focus (means v rates), inadequate control for confounding variables, and insufficient statistical power. This review of the English and French language medical literature published between 1970 and 1984 is based on a critical assessment and meta-analysis of 895 studies concerning 43 potential determinants of intrauterine growth or gestational duration. Based on methodologic standards established a priori for each candidate determinant, the best studies were used to assess the existence and magnitude of an independent causal effect on birth weight, gestational age, prematurity, and intrauterine growth retardation. Factors with well-established direct causal impacts are identified, and their relative importance is indicated for "typical" developing and developed country settings. Modifiable factors with large effects are targeted for public health intervention in the two settings. Finally, factors of potential quantitative importance, but for which data are either unavailable or inconclusive, are highlighted as priorities for future research.

Coagulation and Fibrinolytic Parameters in Normal Pregnancy and in Pregnancy Complicated by Intrauterine Growth Retardation

1998 ◽  
Vol 15 (02) ◽  
pp. 81-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jordi Bellart ◽  
Rosa Gilabert ◽  
Jordi Fontcuberta ◽  
Elena Carreras ◽  
Ramon Miralles ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Retardation ◽  
Intrauterine Growth Retardation ◽  
Normal Pregnancy ◽  
Intrauterine Growth ◽  
Fibrinolytic Parameters ◽  
In Pregnancy

HUMAN FETAL GROWTH RETARDATION: I. CLINICAL FEATURES OF SAMPLE WITH INTRAUTERINE GROWTH RETARDATION

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1972 ◽  
Vol 50 (4) ◽  
pp. 547-558
Author(s):  
J. Urrusti ◽  
P. Yoshida ◽  
L. Velasco ◽  
S. Frenk ◽  
A. Rosado ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Premature Infants ◽  
Fetal Growth ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Growth Retardation ◽  
Intrauterine Growth Retardation ◽  
Fetal Growth Retardation ◽  
Neonatal Deaths ◽  
Intrauterine Growth ◽  
Normal Term

Intrauterine growth was assessed in a series of 128 cases. Thirty-six infants were small for gestational age, and showed the usual signs of intrauterine growth retardation (IUM). The head circumference of these infants was small, with reference to normal term babies (FT) and comparable to premature infants, appropriately sized for a gestational age (ACA) five weeks less than that of the IUM's. There were 12 neonatal deaths, three among IUM infants within 24 hours and nine in the low birth weight AGA group within 72 hours. The mothers of these three groups of infants were similar with respect to age, weight, height, nutritional patterns, and prior pregnancy histories.

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