scholarly journals Composition of Renal Stone– An experience at Armed Forces Institute of Pathology

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 21-25
Author(s):  
Lubna Naznin ◽  
Debashish Saha ◽  
Md Jahangir Chowdhury ◽  
Yasmin Akter ◽  
Most Sarmin Sultana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Oxalate ◽  
Renal Stone ◽  
Colorimetric Method ◽  
Ammonium Phosphate ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
Renal Stones ◽  
Stone Disease ◽  
Urinary Stones ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Renal Stone Disease

Introduction: In Asia the stone belt has been reported to stretch across our neighbouring countries Pakistan, India, Myanmar etc signifies a higher incidence of renal stone disease in Bangladesh. Objective: To determine the pattern of chemical composition of renal stones by semi-quantitative technique in patients presented to Armed Forces Institute of Pathology (AFIP) and to evaluate the predominant constituent present in them. Materials and Methods: This descriptive study was conducted at Armed Forces Institute of Pathology (AFIP), Chemical pathology department from October 2013 to October 2014. Renal stones of 37 Urolithiasis patients were analyzed chemically, using DiaSys analysis kit, employing titrimetric method for estimation of calcium and colorimetric method for Oxalate, Ammonium, Phosphate, Magnesium, Uric Acid and Cystine. Concentration of each individual component then was expressed in percentage and used to interpret renal stone composition using the calculation scale. Results: Males were more prone to renal stone disease, having male to female ratio 5.2:1. Urinary stones occur in all age groups, in this study age ranged from 4 to 72 years with mean age 38.8±16.0 years and mostly affected was the working age group 21 to 50 years (70.2%). Mixed components (i.e. mixed stone) rather than a single component was the commonest type constituting 83.8% of all renal stones. The commonest mixed stone found was Calcium Oxalate with Apatite (41.9 %). Pure Calcium Oxalate was the 2nd most common (10.8%) variant followed by Struvite stones (5.4%). Cystine and Brushite were the least common renal stones in this study. Conclusion: Calcium Oxalate was the most predominant chemical component in renal stones (94.6%). More research is needed to assess the frequency, types, and correlation of renal stones with environmental, dietary and genetic factors in Bangladesh. Journal of Armed Forces Medical College Bangladesh Vol.12(2) 2016: 21-25

Use of non-contrast computed tomography determined urinary stone fragility in predicting the outcome of extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy treatment: a single-center study

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 59-63
Author(s):  
Athar Hameed ◽  
Khazir Hayyat Gondal
Keyword(s):  
Shock Waves ◽  
Renal Stone ◽  
Plain Film ◽  
Renal Stones ◽  
Renal Calculus ◽  
Urinary Stone ◽  
Stone Disease ◽  
Urinary Stones ◽  
Fisher Exact Test

Background: Renal stones represent a common urological pathology where standard treatment advised is ESWL in current practice. However, NCCT based determination of stone fragility may help to predict the outcome of ESWL treatment, hence optimizing its clinical use. Therefore, this study evaluated the role of NCCT determined urinary stone fragility in predicting the outcome of ESWL treatment in local clinical settings. Patients and methods: One hundred patients with single renal calculus of 0.6-2 cm in size were included. NCCT based determination of stone fragility in HU units was done for all patients. Patients were then subjected to ESWL, with a maximum of 3000 shock waves given per ESWL session. Plain film and/or ultrasonography was used to monitor ESWL treatment progress with a final NCCT evaluation at 12 weeks to determine the clearance of the calculi for each patient. Association of NCCT based stone fragility and outcome of ESWL was statistically analyzed using Fisher exact test. Results: The mean age of the patients was 37.7 ± 10.9 years with 54% being male. Decreasing stone fragility on NCCT (high = <500HU, moderate = 500-1000HU, and high = 1000HU) required more number and intensity of ESWL sessions (1-2 visits and 3000-6000 shock waves for high stone fragility group, 3-5 visits and 7000-18000 shock waves for the moderate group, and 6 visits and >18000 shock waves for low fragility group, respectively) necessary for clearance of urinary stones (p<0.001). In 98% of patients, the clearance of urinary stones was excellent. Conclusion: Renal stone patients with NCCT determined high and moderate stone fragility show an optimal response after ESWL treatment, whereas, for low fragility renal stones attenuative treatment like percutaneous nephrolithotomy and/or ureteroscopy should be considered instead of ESWL. This approach can enable patient stratification before ESWL therapy ensuring better clinical management of the renal stone disease.

scholarly journals Renal stones

2018 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adie Viljoen ◽  
Rabia Chaudhry ◽  
John Bycroft
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Renal Stone ◽  
Surgical Intervention ◽  
Recurrent Disease ◽  
Renal Stones ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Stone Disease ◽  
Significant Morbidity ◽  
Renal Stone Disease

Renal stone disease is a worldwide problem which carries significant morbidity. It frequently requires specialist urology intervention. Patients with recurrent disease and those at high risk require specialist investigations and review. Certain cases benefit from medical and surgical intervention. In this review, we discuss the pathophysiology, risk assessment, specialist investigations and various interventions, their rationale and evidence base. This review aims to provide an update of the previous publication in 2001 in this journal on this topic.

MO1029RENAL STONE DISEASE IN 193 PONTIFFS: FROM VIGILUS TO PIUS VIII (537-1830)*

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Natale Gaspare De Santo ◽  
Carmela Bisaccia ◽  
Luca Salvatore De Santo
Keyword(s):  
Time Course ◽  
Renal Stone ◽  
Renal Stones ◽  
Stone Disease ◽  
Postmortem Examination ◽  
Renal Stone Disease ◽  
European Universities ◽  
Stone Formers ◽  
Age Related ◽  
History Of

Abstract Background and Aims The history of popes is an untapped treasure for historian of medicine for many reasons including i. number, ii. richness of documents available on their lives, iii. gender homogeneity, iiii. Long lasting lives, v. their affluence, vi. number of archiaters and personal physicians and surgeon of high professional level, viii. lived for many years in the same environment (Rome). Taking into consideration the availability of documents from 1100 onward (10 centuries of European history), popes represent good models to study a. the diseases of popes, b. social medicine, c. history of European universities and beyond, d. the history of hospitals, e. the history of archiaters, and f. the diseases of power. We are studying renal stone disease in popes from St Peter to John Paul II (34-2005). Preliminary results on gouty popes have been presented at ERA-EDTA Congress in Budapest and Milan pointing that out 20 gouty pontiffs 12 were stone formers or died because of its complications and 6 popes died because of non-gouty renal stones. The goal of this study is to provide an historical outline on renal stone disease in gouty and not gouty popes reigning in the years 537-1830 (from Vigilius―the 1st stone former pope―to Pius VIII, the last gouty pope). Methods We have studied history of popes on many books including those authored by von Ranke, von Pastor, de Novaes, Henrion, Paravicini Bagliani, Reardon, Rendina, Ceccarelli and Cosmacini. We have also studied the histories of archiaters of Platina and Marini. Results 25 out 193 popes were found gouty. Their mean age at start of pontiff was 64.6 and 70.6 at death, that nearly correspond to the time-course decline of age-related uric acid excretion. Thirteen of these popes had histories, signs, symptoms, and /or postmortem examination compatible with a diagnosis of renal stone disease. Six of them died with uremia, 4 were hydropics, 6 died because of stroke. In addition we have also outlined the narratives of 14 non gouty popes who had renal stone disease. The last pope affected by renal stone disease was Pius VI (1775-1779) , the last gouty popes was Pius VIII (1829-1830). Conclusion We have excluded from gouty popes Alexander VII erroneously defined gouty by Giuseppe De Novaes in 1815 and also excluded John IX since his gout―hypothesized by Wendy J Reardon in 1971―is not supported by documents. There are a few available specific data on the topic. A fundamental contribution was published by Lorenzo Gualino in 1934. He reported on 19 gouty popes, 12 of whom with histories or signs, or symptoms, and/or postmortem examination confirming renal stone diseaase. He also reported on 8 non gouty popes suffering from or died of renal stone disease. The findings should be matched also with those of Giovanni Ceccarelli (2001) who reported on 11 gouty popes 6 presenting with signs of stones and five dying anuric and/or hydropic. This paper includes on all popes with renal stone disease. Stroke and heart failure in gouty popes are a priority. In the last 2 centuries renal stone disease was no more a papal disease.

scholarly journals Chemical composition of urinary stones in Rahim Yar Khan and adjacent districts of Sindh and Baluchistan

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdul Hakeem ◽  
Muhammad Tariq ◽  
Mehboob Bari ◽  
Muhammad Hassan Abbas ◽  
Muhammad Anwar
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Oxalate ◽  
Urinary Calculi ◽  
Ammonium Phosphate ◽  
Upper Urinary Tract ◽  
Pure Form ◽  
Urinary Stones ◽  
Magnesium Ammonium Phosphate ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Magnesium Ammonium ◽  
Urinary Tract Calculi

Aim: To find out the constituents of the urinary stones, so that preventive measures would be taken against recurrence. Patients and methods: A total No. of 200 consecutive patients with upper urinary tract calculi, that were operated in the urology and general surgical wards of Sh. Zayed Hospital Rahim Yar Khan were included in the study. In addition to Rahim Yar Khan the patients also came from adjacent districts of Sindh and Baluchistan. Qualitative Chemical analysis was carried out using Merchognost (Germany) urinary calculi analysis kit. All the tests were performed according to the instruction of manufacturers of the kit. Results: Stone samples were collected from 200 patients, out of these 138 (69%) were male and 62 (31%) of patients were female with male to female ratio 2.2:1 age range was between 9-72 years. Results of stone analysis indicate that calcium oxalate is the most common ingredient found in 100% of the stone samples. In 83% of patients it was found mixed with other varieties of stones while in 17% samples it was seen in pure form. Uric acid was the second most common ingredient seen in 73% of patients mixe d with calcium oxalate and magnesium ammonium phosphate but it was not found as pure form. Magnesium Ammonium phosphate found in 13% of stones samples in mixed form only, not as isolated stone.

scholarly journals Chemical Analysis of Urinary Stones

2016 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 10-12
Author(s):  
Ghanshyam Sigdel ◽  
Nirmal Lamichhane ◽  
Sudeep Raj K.C. ◽  
W.K. Belokar
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Analysis ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Renal Stones ◽  
Urinary Stone ◽  
Stone Disease ◽  
Urinary Stones ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
Metabolic Evaluation ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Stone Formers

Introduction: Urinary stone disease is a common urological problem. Chemical analysis of the urinary stones is a part of metabolic evaluation of first time or recurrent stone formers. The report of chemical analysis of stones may obviate the need for complete metabolic evaluation or can direct metabolic evaluation. In this study we aim to find out the chemical compositions of urinary stones in our population, so that the result might serve as a baseline for the related research in future. Methods: A prospective study was carried out in our institute with the qualitative chemical analysis of urinary stones. All patients operated for different urinary stones by various methods were included in the study. Statistical analysis was done by using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences Software (SPSS) Program for windows ® version 18. Results: A total of 55 patients were included in the study. Male to female ratio was 1.75. Mean age was 41.45 years. Ureteric and renal stones were most common accounting to 49 and 31 percentage respectively. All stones contained calcium. Calcium, phosphate, oxalate and uric acid were the major constituents of the stones representing 100, 94.5, 85.5 and 80 percentage of the stone specimen. Other constituents were amino acids, carbonate, magnesium and cystine. Conclusions: Urinary stones are of mixed chemical compositions. Further large scale prospective studies along with other parameters of metabolic work up are recommended to know more about the chemical compositions of urinary stones and its utility in clinical practice.

Oxalate transport and calcium oxalate renal stone disease

1996 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 183-191 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. F. Verkoelen ◽  
J. C. Romijn
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Oxalate ◽  
Renal Stone ◽  
Stone Disease ◽  
Renal Stone Disease ◽  
Oxalate Transport

Dietary Structure and Renal Stone Disease

1982 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 95-102
Author(s):  
Norman J. Blacklock
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Oxalate ◽  
Renal Stone ◽  
Coronary Thrombosis ◽  
Stone Disease ◽  
Dietary Habit ◽  
Calcium Oxalate Stone ◽  
Renal Stone Disease ◽  
Western Civilisation ◽  
Developed World ◽  
The Relationship

Renal stone disease - calcium oxalate stone of the kidney - appears as much a disease of Western civilisation as diabetes, coronary thrombosis, appendicitis and gallstones. The epidemiology shows a significant increase in incidence in the developed world within the past one hundred years but there have been interruptions in the progression of increase in times of war. There is other evidence that it afflicts the affluent society. Any ‘geographical’ pattern tends to reflect sociological circumstances. The relationship with affluence most likely incriminates dietary habit. The observed effect of certain characteristics of a Westernised diet, i.e the high animal protein, refined carbohydrate and reduced fibre consumption, on the urinary electrolyte pattern are all shown to increase the risk factors for calcium oxalate crystallisation.

scholarly journals Progressive Bilateral Childhood Urolithiasis of Rare Etiology: Ultrasound Images and Evidence-Based Therapeutic Recommendations.

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Keyword(s):  
Renal Stone ◽  
Renal Stones ◽  
Stone Disease ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Ultrasound Images ◽  
Rare Presentation ◽  
Renal Stone Disease ◽  
Urinary Infections ◽  
Medical Therapies ◽  
Infective Etiology

Background: Multiple, recurrent and bilateral renal stones causing progressive bilateral urolithiasis is rare during childhood and metabolic disorder such as cystinuria and oxalosis are commonly. The aim of this paper is to report the very rare presentation of hypercalciuria and hypercalciuria with progressive bilateral renal stone disease, with stones predominantly composed of ammonium and phosphate suggesting infective etiology. Patients and methods: A boy with progressive bilateral renal stone disease since early infancy and had been treated by several urologist during the previous three years was studied. He was first referred at the age of five years requesting the opinion about the use of medical therapies and therefore an evidence-based recommendation was made. Results: The boy was initially diagnosed as having bilateral urolithiasis at about the age of two years and during the previous three years with three surgical operations and two lithotripsy sessions. Stone were predominantly composed of ammonium (++++) and phosphate (++++), but they also contained calcium (+++) and uric acid (+). There was evidence of urinary infections with Klebsiella and Enterobacter species suggesting an infective etiology of the stone disease. On referral, Sodium nitroprusside test for cystine was negative and paper chromatography for cystine was also negative. 24-hour urine examination (volume 1600 ml): Calcium 264 mg/24 hr (more than 12 mg/kg/24hr) and oxalate 0.17 g/24 hr (Normal: 0.01-0.04 g /24). Conclusion: Urologists should make an early consultation with a pediatrician expert in renal disorders to provide the necessary medical therapies. Bilateral progressive renal stone disease is rarely caused by infective etiologies alone and the presence of recurrent urinary infections should not lead to ignoring the possibility of metabolic abnormalities.

Diagnostic and therapeutic aspects of recurrent renal stone disease (duplicate)

2009 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony Meyers ◽  
Natalie Whalley ◽  
Maria Martins
Keyword(s):  
Renal Stone ◽  
Stone Disease ◽  
Renal Stone Disease
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