scholarly journals Renal stones

2018 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adie Viljoen ◽  
Rabia Chaudhry ◽  
John Bycroft
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Renal Stone ◽  
Surgical Intervention ◽  
Recurrent Disease ◽  
Renal Stones ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Stone Disease ◽  
Significant Morbidity ◽  
Renal Stone Disease

Renal stone disease is a worldwide problem which carries significant morbidity. It frequently requires specialist urology intervention. Patients with recurrent disease and those at high risk require specialist investigations and review. Certain cases benefit from medical and surgical intervention. In this review, we discuss the pathophysiology, risk assessment, specialist investigations and various interventions, their rationale and evidence base. This review aims to provide an update of the previous publication in 2001 in this journal on this topic.

scholarly journals Renal stone disease: reasons for non-acceptance of surgical treatment among population of Western Rajasthan, India

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 1001
Author(s):  
Rama Kishan Saran ◽  
Ravindra Purohit ◽  
Pradeep K. Sharma ◽  
M. K. Chhabra ◽  
Gordhan Chaudhary
Keyword(s):  
Renal Stone ◽  
Surgical Intervention ◽  
Stone Disease ◽  
Alternative Methods ◽  
Common Disease ◽  
Renal Stone Disease ◽  
Primary Level ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Lower Socioeconomic ◽  
A Prospective Study

Background: Renal stone is a common disease in Western Rajasthan. The aim of this study was to identify the causes of patient with renal disease for opting alternative methods for treatment instead of surgical approach.Methods: A prospective study was conducted at the Department of Urology, Dr. SN Medical College, Jodhpur, Rajasthan between August 2018 and July 2019. Patients with diagnosis of complicated renal stone disease including infected hydronephrosis, pyonephrosis, and calyceal rupture were enrolled in this study. Along with demographic characteristics patients were asked to enumerate causes for delay in seeking surgical intervention in sequential order and the reasons given by each patient were recorded separately.Results: A total of 80 patients with complicated renal stone disease were included in the study. Majority of the patients (77.50%) were men. Out of 80 patients, 32 patients were illiterate and 28 patients had primary level of education. Sixty-two patients reported only single reason for their negligence. Eleven and three patients reported two and three reasons, respectively. However, four patients could not provide any reason. The major cause reported by the patients (57.5%) for neglecting their disease was dependence and trust on alternative methods including ayurvedic medicines, homeopathic medicines, bhopas, and superstition.Conclusions: The majority of patients were belonged to lower socioeconomic class reported that dependence and trust on alternative methods including ayurvedic and homeopathic medicines are the major cause of neglecting their disease.

MO1029RENAL STONE DISEASE IN 193 PONTIFFS: FROM VIGILUS TO PIUS VIII (537-1830)*

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Natale Gaspare De Santo ◽  
Carmela Bisaccia ◽  
Luca Salvatore De Santo
Keyword(s):  
Time Course ◽  
Renal Stone ◽  
Renal Stones ◽  
Stone Disease ◽  
Postmortem Examination ◽  
Renal Stone Disease ◽  
European Universities ◽  
Stone Formers ◽  
Age Related ◽  
History Of

Abstract Background and Aims The history of popes is an untapped treasure for historian of medicine for many reasons including i. number, ii. richness of documents available on their lives, iii. gender homogeneity, iiii. Long lasting lives, v. their affluence, vi. number of archiaters and personal physicians and surgeon of high professional level, viii. lived for many years in the same environment (Rome). Taking into consideration the availability of documents from 1100 onward (10 centuries of European history), popes represent good models to study a. the diseases of popes, b. social medicine, c. history of European universities and beyond, d. the history of hospitals, e. the history of archiaters, and f. the diseases of power. We are studying renal stone disease in popes from St Peter to John Paul II (34-2005). Preliminary results on gouty popes have been presented at ERA-EDTA Congress in Budapest and Milan pointing that out 20 gouty pontiffs 12 were stone formers or died because of its complications and 6 popes died because of non-gouty renal stones. The goal of this study is to provide an historical outline on renal stone disease in gouty and not gouty popes reigning in the years 537-1830 (from Vigilius―the 1st stone former pope―to Pius VIII, the last gouty pope). Methods We have studied history of popes on many books including those authored by von Ranke, von Pastor, de Novaes, Henrion, Paravicini Bagliani, Reardon, Rendina, Ceccarelli and Cosmacini. We have also studied the histories of archiaters of Platina and Marini. Results 25 out 193 popes were found gouty. Their mean age at start of pontiff was 64.6 and 70.6 at death, that nearly correspond to the time-course decline of age-related uric acid excretion. Thirteen of these popes had histories, signs, symptoms, and /or postmortem examination compatible with a diagnosis of renal stone disease. Six of them died with uremia, 4 were hydropics, 6 died because of stroke. In addition we have also outlined the narratives of 14 non gouty popes who had renal stone disease. The last pope affected by renal stone disease was Pius VI (1775-1779) , the last gouty popes was Pius VIII (1829-1830). Conclusion We have excluded from gouty popes Alexander VII erroneously defined gouty by Giuseppe De Novaes in 1815 and also excluded John IX since his gout―hypothesized by Wendy J Reardon in 1971―is not supported by documents. There are a few available specific data on the topic. A fundamental contribution was published by Lorenzo Gualino in 1934. He reported on 19 gouty popes, 12 of whom with histories or signs, or symptoms, and/or postmortem examination confirming renal stone diseaase. He also reported on 8 non gouty popes suffering from or died of renal stone disease. The findings should be matched also with those of Giovanni Ceccarelli (2001) who reported on 11 gouty popes 6 presenting with signs of stones and five dying anuric and/or hydropic. This paper includes on all popes with renal stone disease. Stroke and heart failure in gouty popes are a priority. In the last 2 centuries renal stone disease was no more a papal disease.

scholarly journals Composition of Renal Stone– An experience at Armed Forces Institute of Pathology

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 21-25
Author(s):  
Lubna Naznin ◽  
Debashish Saha ◽  
Md Jahangir Chowdhury ◽  
Yasmin Akter ◽  
Most Sarmin Sultana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Oxalate ◽  
Renal Stone ◽  
Colorimetric Method ◽  
Ammonium Phosphate ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
Renal Stones ◽  
Stone Disease ◽  
Urinary Stones ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Renal Stone Disease

Introduction: In Asia the stone belt has been reported to stretch across our neighbouring countries Pakistan, India, Myanmar etc signifies a higher incidence of renal stone disease in Bangladesh. Objective: To determine the pattern of chemical composition of renal stones by semi-quantitative technique in patients presented to Armed Forces Institute of Pathology (AFIP) and to evaluate the predominant constituent present in them. Materials and Methods: This descriptive study was conducted at Armed Forces Institute of Pathology (AFIP), Chemical pathology department from October 2013 to October 2014. Renal stones of 37 Urolithiasis patients were analyzed chemically, using DiaSys analysis kit, employing titrimetric method for estimation of calcium and colorimetric method for Oxalate, Ammonium, Phosphate, Magnesium, Uric Acid and Cystine. Concentration of each individual component then was expressed in percentage and used to interpret renal stone composition using the calculation scale. Results: Males were more prone to renal stone disease, having male to female ratio 5.2:1. Urinary stones occur in all age groups, in this study age ranged from 4 to 72 years with mean age 38.8±16.0 years and mostly affected was the working age group 21 to 50 years (70.2%). Mixed components (i.e. mixed stone) rather than a single component was the commonest type constituting 83.8% of all renal stones. The commonest mixed stone found was Calcium Oxalate with Apatite (41.9 %). Pure Calcium Oxalate was the 2nd most common (10.8%) variant followed by Struvite stones (5.4%). Cystine and Brushite were the least common renal stones in this study. Conclusion: Calcium Oxalate was the most predominant chemical component in renal stones (94.6%). More research is needed to assess the frequency, types, and correlation of renal stones with environmental, dietary and genetic factors in Bangladesh. Journal of Armed Forces Medical College Bangladesh Vol.12(2) 2016: 21-25

scholarly journals Double obstruction of upper and lower urinary tract in a child due to renal stone disease: Endoscopic treatment

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 31-33
Author(s):  
Sangeetha Geminiganesan ◽  
Latha Ravichandran ◽  
Ramesh Babu Srinivasan
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Lower Urinary Tract ◽  
Renal Stone ◽  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Surgical Intervention ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Stone Disease ◽  
Metabolic Abnormalities ◽  
Renal Stone Disease ◽  
Lower Urinary

Incidence of renal stone disease/urolithiasis has increased significantly in children due to multifactorial causes. Stones secondary to metabolic abnormalities are treatable if it is identified at the early stage. Surgical intervention may be needed depending on the site, size of the stone, and the clinical presentation. We report a 12-year-old adolescent boy with multiple calculi at various sites who needed medical as well as surgical intervention.

scholarly journals Progressive Bilateral Childhood Urolithiasis of Rare Etiology: Ultrasound Images and Evidence-Based Therapeutic Recommendations.

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Keyword(s):  
Renal Stone ◽  
Renal Stones ◽  
Stone Disease ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Ultrasound Images ◽  
Rare Presentation ◽  
Renal Stone Disease ◽  
Urinary Infections ◽  
Medical Therapies ◽  
Infective Etiology

Background: Multiple, recurrent and bilateral renal stones causing progressive bilateral urolithiasis is rare during childhood and metabolic disorder such as cystinuria and oxalosis are commonly. The aim of this paper is to report the very rare presentation of hypercalciuria and hypercalciuria with progressive bilateral renal stone disease, with stones predominantly composed of ammonium and phosphate suggesting infective etiology. Patients and methods: A boy with progressive bilateral renal stone disease since early infancy and had been treated by several urologist during the previous three years was studied. He was first referred at the age of five years requesting the opinion about the use of medical therapies and therefore an evidence-based recommendation was made. Results: The boy was initially diagnosed as having bilateral urolithiasis at about the age of two years and during the previous three years with three surgical operations and two lithotripsy sessions. Stone were predominantly composed of ammonium (++++) and phosphate (++++), but they also contained calcium (+++) and uric acid (+). There was evidence of urinary infections with Klebsiella and Enterobacter species suggesting an infective etiology of the stone disease. On referral, Sodium nitroprusside test for cystine was negative and paper chromatography for cystine was also negative. 24-hour urine examination (volume 1600 ml): Calcium 264 mg/24 hr (more than 12 mg/kg/24hr) and oxalate 0.17 g/24 hr (Normal: 0.01-0.04 g /24). Conclusion: Urologists should make an early consultation with a pediatrician expert in renal disorders to provide the necessary medical therapies. Bilateral progressive renal stone disease is rarely caused by infective etiologies alone and the presence of recurrent urinary infections should not lead to ignoring the possibility of metabolic abnormalities.

Use of non-contrast computed tomography determined urinary stone fragility in predicting the outcome of extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy treatment: a single-center study

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 59-63
Author(s):  
Athar Hameed ◽  
Khazir Hayyat Gondal
Keyword(s):  
Shock Waves ◽  
Renal Stone ◽  
Plain Film ◽  
Renal Stones ◽  
Renal Calculus ◽  
Urinary Stone ◽  
Stone Disease ◽  
Urinary Stones ◽  
Fisher Exact Test

Background: Renal stones represent a common urological pathology where standard treatment advised is ESWL in current practice. However, NCCT based determination of stone fragility may help to predict the outcome of ESWL treatment, hence optimizing its clinical use. Therefore, this study evaluated the role of NCCT determined urinary stone fragility in predicting the outcome of ESWL treatment in local clinical settings. Patients and methods: One hundred patients with single renal calculus of 0.6-2 cm in size were included. NCCT based determination of stone fragility in HU units was done for all patients. Patients were then subjected to ESWL, with a maximum of 3000 shock waves given per ESWL session. Plain film and/or ultrasonography was used to monitor ESWL treatment progress with a final NCCT evaluation at 12 weeks to determine the clearance of the calculi for each patient. Association of NCCT based stone fragility and outcome of ESWL was statistically analyzed using Fisher exact test. Results: The mean age of the patients was 37.7 ± 10.9 years with 54% being male. Decreasing stone fragility on NCCT (high = <500HU, moderate = 500-1000HU, and high = 1000HU) required more number and intensity of ESWL sessions (1-2 visits and 3000-6000 shock waves for high stone fragility group, 3-5 visits and 7000-18000 shock waves for the moderate group, and 6 visits and >18000 shock waves for low fragility group, respectively) necessary for clearance of urinary stones (p<0.001). In 98% of patients, the clearance of urinary stones was excellent. Conclusion: Renal stone patients with NCCT determined high and moderate stone fragility show an optimal response after ESWL treatment, whereas, for low fragility renal stones attenuative treatment like percutaneous nephrolithotomy and/or ureteroscopy should be considered instead of ESWL. This approach can enable patient stratification before ESWL therapy ensuring better clinical management of the renal stone disease.

Diagnostic and therapeutic aspects of recurrent renal stone disease (duplicate)

2009 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony Meyers ◽  
Natalie Whalley ◽  
Maria Martins
Keyword(s):  
Renal Stone ◽  
Stone Disease ◽  
Renal Stone Disease

scholarly journals Rates of violence in patients classified as high risk by structured risk assessment instruments

2014 ◽  
Vol 204 (3) ◽  
pp. 180-187 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jay P. Singh ◽  
Seena Fazel ◽  
Ralitza Gueorguieva ◽  
Alec Buchanan
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Assessment Tools ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Assessment Instruments ◽  
Individual Liberty ◽  
Current Evidence Base ◽  
Study Heterogeneity

BackgroundRates of violence in persons identified as high risk by structured risk assessment instruments (SRAIs) are uncertain and frequently unreported by validation studies.AimsTo analyse the variation in rates of violence in individuals identified as high risk by SRAIs.MethodA systematic search of databases (1995–2011) was conducted for studies on nine widely used assessment tools. Where violence rates in high-risk groups were not published, these were requested from study authors. Rate information was extracted, and binomial logistic regression was used to study heterogeneity.ResultsInformation was collected on 13 045 participants in 57 samples from 47 independent studies. Annualised rates of violence in individuals classified as high risk varied both across and within instruments. Rates were elevated when population rates of violence were higher, when a structured professional judgement instrument was used and when there was a lower proportion of men in a study.ConclusionsAfter controlling for time at risk, the rate of violence in individuals classified as high risk by SRAIs shows substantial variation. In the absence of information on local base rates, assigning predetermined probabilities to future violence risk on the basis of a structured risk assessment is not supported by the current evidence base. This underscores the need for caution when such risk estimates are used to influence decisions related to individual liberty and public safety.

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