scholarly journals Molecular Diagnosis and Evolutionary Relationship Analysis Of Plant Parasitic Tea Garden Nematodes From Different Tea Estates In Sylhet Region of Bangladesh

2021 ◽  
pp. 101-109
Author(s):  
MAB Siddique ◽  
TA Asa ◽  
MMH Sohag ◽  
MSH Chowdhury ◽  
A Iqbal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Evolutionary Relationship ◽  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Radopholus Similis ◽  
Rotylenchulus Reniformis ◽  
Pratylenchus Brachyurus ◽  
Meloidogyne Spp ◽  
Tea Garden ◽  
Sylhet Region ◽  
Hoplolaimus Columbus ◽  
Plant Parasitic

Nematodes from plant-parasitic sources are ever-present and incidental to plant growth as well as crop production. The damage of tea gardens caused by nematode is often non-specific and easily confused with symptoms. The present study determined the parasitic and non-parasitic nematodes population in different tea gardens of the Sylhet region by their morphological and partial molecular characterization. Out of 13 tea gardens, it was observed that BTRI, Karimpur, Mathiura, and Tarapur tea garden has the highest number of parasitic and non-parasitic nematodes. After PCR amplification, DNA bands with desired amplicon size were detected by gel electrophoresis. Among thirteen soil samples, nematodes from Malnichara, Karimpur, BTRI, Mathiura , and Finlay had partially confirmed the presence of rootknot nematode (Meloidogyne spp.), root-lesion nematode (Pratylenchus brachyurus), burrowing nematode (Radopholus similis), reniform nematode (Rotylenchulus reniformis) and lance nematode (Hoplolaimus columbus) consequently based on approximately base pair of 1.7, 1.1 and 0.52 kb (different Meloidogyne spp.) 0.52, 0.52, 0.25 and 2.3 kb of specific genes. From evolutionary analysis, it might be said that Meloidogyne species are strongly related with each other making clusters except Meloidogyne natalie where this one is closely related with Hoplolaimus columbus in their evolutionary relationship as remaining others (Rotylenchulus reniformis, Radopholus similis, Pratylenchus brachyurus) are in different clusters in the same clade and this result could be confirmed after sequencing. J. Bio-Sci. 29(1): 101-109, 2021 (June)

scholarly journals IDENTIFICATION OF PLANT PARASITIC NEMATODES IN TRIPLOID AND TETRAPLOID BANANAS IN BRAZIL

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 865-877
Author(s):  
JESSICA DA MATA SANTOS MONTEIRO ◽  
JANSEN RODRIGO PEREIRA SANTOS ◽  
JUVENIL ENRIQUE CARES ◽  
ROBÉLIO LEANDRO MARCHÃO ◽  
EDSON PERITO AMORIM ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Frequency ◽  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Radopholus Similis ◽  
Plant Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Rotylenchulus Reniformis ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Meloidogyne Spp ◽  
Distrito Federal ◽  
Resistant Genotypes ◽  
Plant Parasitic

ABSTRACT Nematodes are important pathogens in banana plants, and the lack of resistant genotypes is the biggest challenge of the banana breeding programs. Little is known on the behavior of banana triploids and tetraploids developed by Embrapa regarding parasitism by plant-parasitic nematodes in field conditions. Embrapa Mandioca e Fruticultura experimental areas, naturally infested in five Brazilian states (Embrapa Acre - Acre, Embrapa Semiárido - Pernambuco, Embrapa Cerrados - Distrito Federal, Palmital - São Paulo and Epagri - Santa Catarina) were evaluated for the distribution and population levels of plant-parasitic nematodes in commercial cultivars and triploid and tetraploid genotypes in the final breeding stage. The root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.) were the most frequent in roots (40 - 100%) and soil (85.71 - 100%), with a detectable number of juveniles (J2) varying between genotypes (4 - 148 J2.250g-1 roots, and 1 - 110 J2.100 cm-3soil). Four esterase phenotypes were characterized: M. incognita (Est I1 = Rm: 1.0), M. javanica (Est J3 = Rm: 1.0; 1.25 and 1.40 and Est J2 = Rm: 1.0 and 1.40) and M. arenaria (Est A2 = Rm: 1.20 and 1.35), M. javanica (Est J3) was predominant. Meloidogyne javanica and M. incognita were predominant, however mixed infestations between species were found. The occurrence of Meloidogyne spp. was: M. javanica (68.26%), M. incognita (64.73%) and M. arenaria (16.81%). Helicotylenchus multicinctus and Rotylenchulus reniformis was the second most frequent group. Radopholus similis, Scutellonema sp., Criconemoides sp. and Helicotylenchus sp. presented themselves in low frequency and population levels in banana plants.

Plant Parasitic Nematodes Associated with Plantain (Musa acuminata x M. balbisiana, AAB) in Puerto Rico

1969 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 52-59
Author(s):  
D. Oramas ◽  
J. Román
Keyword(s):  
Puerto Rico ◽  
Meloidogyne Incognita ◽  
Nematode Species ◽  
Musa Acuminata ◽  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Radopholus Similis ◽  
Plant Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Rotylenchulus Reniformis ◽  
Phytoparasitic Nematodes ◽  
Plant Parasitic

A survey was conducted through the five argricultural regions of Puerto Rico to determine distribution and population density of the nematode species associated with plantain. Fourteen genera, represented by 19 species of phytoparasitic nematodes were found in association with the crop: Ditylenchus, Helicotylenchus, Hoplolaimus, longidorus, Meloidogyne, Paratylenchus, Pratylenchus, Pseudhalenchus, Quinisulcius, Radopholus, Rotylenchulus, Tylenchorhynchus, Tylenchus, and Xiphinema. Meloidogyne incognita, Helicotylenchus spp., Radopholus similis, and Rotylenchulus reniformis were the most widely distributed nematode species throughout the Island. On the other hand, M. incognita, P. coffeae, R. similis, Helicotylenchus spp. , and R. reniformis had higher population densities.

scholarly journals Frequencies and population densities of plant-parasitic nematodes on banana (Musa AAA) plantations in Ecuador from 2008 to 2014

2016 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
Orlando Aguirre ◽  
César Chávez ◽  
Alejandro Giraud ◽  
Mario Araya
Keyword(s):  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Radopholus Similis ◽  
Plant Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Absolute Frequency ◽  
Santo Domingo ◽  
Economic Threshold ◽  
Population Densities ◽  
Meloidogyne Spp ◽  
Mesh Sieve ◽  
Plant Parasitic

An analysis of the plant-parasitic nematodes found on the banana (Musa AAA) plantations in the provinces of Cañar, El Oro, Guayas, Los Rios and Santo Domingo of Ecuador from 2008 to 2014 was carried out. The nematode extraction was done from 25 g of fresh roots that were macerated in a blender and from which nematodes were recovered in a 0.025 mm (No 500) mesh sieve. The data were subjected to frequency analysis in PC-SAS and the absolute frequency was calculated for each individual genus. Four plant parasitic nematodes were detected and, based on their frequencies and population densities, the nematode genera in decreasing order was: Radopholus similis > Helicotylenchus spp. > Meloidogyne spp. > Pratylenchus spp. Radopholus similis was the most abundant nematode, accounting for 49 to 66% of the overall root population, followed by Helicotylenchus spp. with 29 to 45% of the population through- out the different analyzed years. From a total of 13,773 root samples, 96% contained R. similis, 91% Helicotylenchus spp., 35% Meloidogyne spp., and 25% Pratylenchus spp. and, when all of the nematodes that were present were pooled (total nematodes), 99.9% of the samples had nematodes. A large number of samples with a nematode population above the economic threshold suggested by Agrocalidad, INIAP and Anemagro (2,500-3,000 nematodes/100 g of roots) was observed in all of the years, the months and the five sampled provinces. The statistical differences (P<0.0001) detected for the nematode frequencies among the years, months and provinces, more than likely, were associated with the high number of samples included in each year, month and province because the variations in the frequencies for each nematode genus were small.

scholarly journals Nematode Survey of Peanuts and Cotton in Southwest Georgia

1976 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 72-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. E. Motsinger ◽  
J. L. Crawford ◽  
S. S. Thompson
Keyword(s):  
Soil Samples ◽  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Frequency Of Occurrence ◽  
Field Soil ◽  
Rotylenchulus Reniformis ◽  
Meloidogyne Spp ◽  
Cotton Fields ◽  
Random Survey ◽  
Hoplolaimus Columbus ◽  
Meloidogyne Species

Abstract A random survey of 467 peanut and cotton fields in 17 counties of Southwest Georgia was conducted to determine the frequency of occurrence and distribution of parasitic nematodes associated with peanuts and cotton. Meloidogyne species were present in 9.7% of the peanut field soil samples, Pratylenchus spp. (primarily brachyurus) in 16.9% and Criconemoides ornatus in 97%. Sixty-nine percent of the root-knot associated with peanuts was M. hapla, 25% was M. arenaria and 6% was a mixture of both. Sting nematodes, Belonolaimus spp., were not found in peanut fields in the survey. In cotton soils, 11.8% of the samples contained Meloidogyne spp., 5.1% Hoplolaimus columbus, and 0.7% Rotylenchulus reniformis.

scholarly journals Screening Cucurbit Rootstocks for Resistance to Meloidogyne spp. and Rotylenchulus reniformis

HortScience ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 125-128
Author(s):  
Cody L. Smith ◽  
Joshua H. Freeman ◽  
Nancy Kokalis-Burelle ◽  
William P. Wechter
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Wilt ◽  
Citrullus Lanatus ◽  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Plant Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Reniform Nematode ◽  
Rotylenchulus Reniformis ◽  
Meloidogyne Spp ◽  
Susceptible Control ◽  
Resistant Rootstock ◽  
Plant Parasitic

Fusarium wilt [caused by the fungus Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. niveum (FON)] has been a consistent problem in watermelon [Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Matsum. and Nakai] production worldwide. One method for combatting this pathogen in the field is to graft a susceptible, high-yielding scion on to a fusarium wilt-resistant rootstock. A concerning issue with rootstocks resistant to fusarium wilt is that they have not been tested for their susceptibility to plant pathogenic nematodes—specifically, root-knot nematodes (RKNs; Meloidogyne spp.) and the reniform nematode (Rotylenchulus reniformis). Preliminary findings have demonstrated that many of these Fusarium-resistant rootstocks are highly susceptible to RKNs. Research was conducted during the Spring and Fall 2015 and 2016 to evaluate the resistance to RKN and reniform nematode in rootstocks with known resistance to fusarium wilt. Six rootstocks were evaluated over the course of four experiments. A nematode-susceptible interspecific hybrid [Cucurbita maxima (Duchesne) × C. moschata (Duchesne)] rootstock ‘Carnivor’ was included as a susceptible control in both years. Results demonstrated that several Citrullus lanatus var. citroides (L.H. Bailey) rootstocks (‘Carolina Strongback’, USVL246-FR2, USVL252-FR2, and USVL-360) and ‘SP-6’ (a commercially available pollinizer cultivar) exhibited resistance to plant parasitic nematodes when compared with the susceptible control. Partial resistance was observed in USVL-482351. When compared with the control, these rootstocks also had fewer Meloidogyne spp. and R. reniformis in root tissue. These findings indicate that rootstocks may be available to manage both fusarium wilt and RKN in grafted cucurbit production system.

scholarly journals Impacts of Sunnhemp and Piegon Pea on Plant-Parasitic Nematodes, Radopholus similis and Meloidogyne spp., and Beneficial Bacterivorous Nematodes

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-33
Author(s):  
Valerie H. Henmi ◽  
Sharadchandra P. Marahatta
Keyword(s):  
Cover Crop ◽  
Pigeon Pea ◽  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Radopholus Similis ◽  
Plant Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Sunn Hemp ◽  
Burrowing Nematode ◽  
Meloidogyne Spp ◽  
Plant Parasitic

Plant-parasitic nematodes such as burrowing nematode (Radopholus similis) and root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne spp.) are dominant in the banana, Musa spp., ecosystem.  Beneficial nematodes such as bacterivores are also found in banana fields. A tropical cover crop, sunn hemp (Crotalaria juncea) (SH), can be used to suppress plant-parasitic nematodes and enhance beneficial bacterivorous nematodes. However, SH cultivation in Hawaii is under the threat of the flour beetle.  Thus, two experiments: Trial-I and Trial-II were conducted to compare the effects of another tropical cover crop, pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan) (PP) with SH and no-cover crop control (CC) on R. similis and Meloidogyne spp. suppression and beneficial bacterivorous nematodes enhancement. In both experiments soils infested with R. similis and Meloidogyne were sampled and amended with cover crop treatments (SH or PP) or CC and kept for two weeks. At the end of each experiment, nematodes were extracted through the Baermann funnel technique. The results of Trial-I and Trial- II showed that SH and PP did not reduce R. similis number (P 0.05). However, Meloidogyne numbers were reduced by SH and PP in Trial-I (P 0.05).  In Trial II, Meloidogyne was not found in SH and PP. In both experiments, SH consistently increased beneficial bacterivorous nematodes number (P 0.05). Cover crop PP increased beneficial bacterivorous nematode numbers in Trial -I (P 0.05), but not in Trial –II (P 0.05).  However, the trends associated with the numbers of beneficial nematodes were consistently higher in PP compared to CC. Farmers could choose PP as an alternate to SH, as a cover crop for Meloidogyne suppression and beneficial nematode enhancement.

scholarly journals Antagonistic Effects of Java against Plant Parasitic Nematodes

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 289
Author(s):  
Angelica Miamoto ◽  
Cláudia Regina Dias-Arieira ◽  
Heriksen Higashi Puerari ◽  
Thaísa Muriel Mioranza ◽  
Carolina Bertuzzi Pereira
Keyword(s):  
Meloidogyne Incognita ◽  
Meloidogyne Javanica ◽  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Plant Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Rotylenchulus Reniformis ◽  
Pratylenchus Brachyurus ◽  
Antagonistic Plants ◽  
Nematode Penetration ◽  
Reproduction Factor ◽  
Plant Parasitic

One of the main phytonematode control alternatives is the use of antagonistic plants in crop rotation or succession systems. Although java legume shows antagonist potential to control Meloidogyne javanica, its reaction to other nematodes was not investigated so far. Thus, the aim of the current study is to assess the penetration and reproduction factor (RF) of M. incognita, Rotylenchulus reniformis and Pratylenchus brachyurus in java, using soybean as control. Plants individually inoculated with 1000 specimens from each nematode were assessed 5, 10, 15, 20, 25 and 30 days after inoculation (DAI) for nematode penetration and development. The RF was assessed under two inoculum levels of each nematode (1000 and 700 specimens) 60 days after inoculation, for M. incognita and R. reniformis; and 80 days after inoculation, for P. brachyurus. Meloidogyne incognita and R. reniformis showed lower penetration and reproduction in java (RF < 1), whereas P. brachyurus showed higher penetration and RF > 1. Thus, the java legume can be considered resistant to M. incognita and R. reniformis, as well as susceptible to P. brachyurus.

Plant nematodes associated with fruit trees in northern Australia

1981 ◽  
Vol 21 (108) ◽  
pp. 129 ◽  
Author(s):  
MR Sauer
Keyword(s):  
Carica Papaya ◽  
Fruit Trees ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Northern Australia ◽  
Radopholus Similis ◽  
Plant Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Rotylenchulus Reniformis ◽  
Musa Sp ◽  
Tylenchulus Semipenetrans

Sixteen genera of plant parasitic nematodes were found in 64 soil samples taken around fruit trees of 20 different genera at Kununurra, Darwin, or Adelaide River. Hemicriconemoides cocophilus, Basirolaimus seinhorsti, Rotylenchulus reniformis, Helicotylenchus s p p., and Xiphinema s p p. were found in more than 25% of samples, and Meloidogyne spp.in 16%. Paratrichodorus minor and Rotylenchus incultus were common at Kununurra. Nematodes found in plant roots at Darwin included M. javanica and R. reniformis on Carica papaya, Radopholus similis on Musa sp., Scutellonema brachyurum on Spondias cytherea. Tylenchulus semipenetrans was found in Citrus sp. roots at Adelaide River. Helicotylenchus dihystera was found in roots of Annona spp. at both these places.

Distribution of plant parasitic nematodes in South Australian vineyards

1976 ◽  
Vol 16 (81) ◽  
pp. 588 ◽  
Author(s):  
GR Stirling
Keyword(s):  
Sandy Soil ◽  
Parasitic Nematode ◽  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Wide Spread ◽  
Plant Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Tylenchulus Semipenetrans ◽  
Meloidogyne Spp ◽  
Citrus Nematode ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Plant Parasitic

Vineyards in all five of South Australia's grapegrowing districts were surveyed for plant parasitic nematodes. Root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.) occurrcd in four districts, and were present in almost all vineyards with sandy soil in the Riverland, Barossa Valley and Central districts. Four species (M. arenaria, M. hapla, M. incognita and M. javanica) were identified. Citrus nematode (Tylenchulus semipenetrans) was wide-spread in Riverland vineyards, and isolated infestations were found in other districts. Other plant parasitic nematode genera found during the survey were Helicotylenchus, Macroposthonia, Paratrichodorus, Paratylenchus, Prat ylenchus, Tylenchorh ynchus and Xiphinema.

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