scholarly journals Recurrent Seizure: An Uncommon Presentation of Post Thyroidectomy Hypoparathyroidism

2015 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 56-58
Author(s):  
Abdul Wadud Chowdhury ◽  
Sabbiha Nadia Majumder ◽  
Md Gaffar Amin ◽  
Kazi Nazrul Islam ◽  
Mohammed Abaye Deen Saleh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
White Matter ◽  
Basal Ganglia ◽  
Total Thyroidectomy ◽  
Subcortical White Matter ◽  
Recurrent Seizure ◽  
Lentiform Nucleus ◽  
Basal Ganglia Calcification ◽  
Uncommon Presentation ◽  
Chronic Hypoparathyroidism ◽  
Matter Detection

Basal ganglia calcification is associated with chronic hypoparathyroidism. We report a case of 37 year old lady with long standing iatrogenic hypoparathyroidism following total thyroidectomy. The clinical evaluation revealed neurological symptoms but without any neurological deficit. The CT scan of head showed calcification in caudate nucleus and part of lentiform nucleus of basal ganglia and in the cortical and subcortical white matter. Detection of brain calcinosis in patient’s who had total thyroidectomy can guide clinicians to further investigation for possible hypoparathyroidism.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jom.v16i1.22406 J MEDICINE 2015; 16 : 56-58

scholarly journals Fahr’s Disease: A Rare Neurodegenerative Disorder in Children

1970 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 86-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
AKMM Rahman ◽  
RS Begum ◽  
MZ Hossain ◽  
MR Ali ◽  
M Rahman
Keyword(s):  
White Matter ◽  
Basal Ganglia ◽  
Ct Scan ◽  
Rare Case ◽  
Neurodegenerative Disorder ◽  
Subcortical White Matter ◽  
Basal Ganglia Calcification ◽  
Fahr’S Disease ◽  
Unusual Condition ◽  
Fahr's Disease

A case of Fahr’s disease in reported in a 2 year 9 month old male child presented with developmental delay and seizure. The CT scan of brain showed multiple symmetric calcifications in the basal ganglia, thalamus, and subcortical white matter of cerebral and cerebellar areas. No underlying cause for the bilateral calcification was found. This rare case of Fahr’s disease in a child, which has never been reported in Bangladeshi literature, has been brought out to highlight this unusual condition. Key words: Fahr’s disease; basal ganglia; calcification. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jdmc.v20i1.8589 J Dhaka Med Coll. 2011; 20(1) :86-88

scholarly journals Risk Factors for Silent Cerebral Infarcts in Subcortical White Matter and Basal Ganglia

Stroke ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 378-382 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toshiyuki Uehara ◽  
Masayasu Tabuchi ◽  
Etsuro Mori
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
White Matter ◽  
Basal Ganglia ◽  
Subcortical White Matter ◽  
Cerebral Infarcts

MR Imaging and Proton MR Spectroscopy of the Brain in Behçet's Disease

2003 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 267-273 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Cellerini ◽  
M. Bartolucci ◽  
M. Mortilla ◽  
M. Mascalchi ◽  
F. Li Gobbi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
White Matter ◽  
Basal Ganglia ◽  
Mr Imaging ◽  
Mr Spectroscopy ◽  
Subcortical White Matter ◽  
Neurological Involvement ◽  
Medium Size ◽  
Proton Mr Spectroscopy ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B

Cerebral MR imaging (MR) and proton-MR spectroscopy (H-MRS) data are lacking in neurologically asymptomatic patients with Behçet's disease (BD). Aim of the following work was to assess MR and H-MRS characteristics of brain involvement over time in patients with BD without clinical neurological involvement. Forty cerebral MR and 12 H-MRS examinations obtained over a one to nine year follow-up in 17 patients with (group A n=9) or without (group B n=8) neurological involvement were retrospectively reviewed. Four group-B patients had a normal first MR examination whereas all group-A and four group-B patients showed single (n?3) or multiple (n=10) subcortical white matter foci of signal change. Large midbrain, basal ganglia or subcortical white matter lesions were depicted in six group-A patients. Comparison between initial and last MR examinations revealed 28 new small-to-medium size lesions. Over the course of the study, lesion enhancement was seen in five patients all belonging to group A. NAA/Cr and Cho/Cr ratios of supraventricular white matter did not show significant differences between patients and healthy controls or between group-A and group-B patients. Clinically silent cerebral involvement in the form of small-to-medium size subcortical lesions may be present at MR examination in BD patients. Large brainstem and basal ganglia lesions associated with overt neurological symptoms are characteristic of the disease. H-MRS of cerebral normal-appearing white matter does not show any significant metabolic change in BD.

scholarly journals Jaw Dystonia and Reversible Basal Ganglia Changes as an Initial Presentation of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meghan Romba ◽  
Yujie Wang ◽  
Shu-Ching Hu ◽  
Sandeep Khot
Keyword(s):  
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
White Matter ◽  
Basal Ganglia ◽  
Brain Imaging ◽  
Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
Subcortical White Matter ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Neuropsychiatric Lupus ◽  
Systemic Lupus ◽  
Traditional Treatment

Dystonia as a manifestation of neuropsychiatric lupus erythematosus (NPSLE) is uncommon. We report a 25-year-old woman who experienced progressive confusion, reduced speech, and difficulty opening her mouth approximately 2 weeks after development of a facial rash. Brain imaging showed bilateral, symmetric signal abnormalities within the basal ganglia and subcortical white matter. Despite treatment with high-dose steroids, she continued to have difficulty speaking with evidence of jaw dystonia on examination. Jaw dystonia rapidly improved with the initiation of levodopa. Repeat evaluation 3 months later exhibited the absence of jaw dystonia and near resolution of the imaging abnormalities. Our patient demonstrated a unique presentation with jaw dystonia refractory to traditional treatment for NPSLE. Such a presentation likely represents a severe variant of NPSLE requiring both immunosuppressive and symptomatic therapies.

scholarly journals Hemiballism-hemichorea Induced by Subcortical Ischemia

1993 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 324-328 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fukhi Toshiya ◽  
Hasegawa YuKihiro ◽  
Seriyama Shinya ◽  
Takeuchi Toru ◽  
Sugita Koujiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
White Matter ◽  
Cerebral Ischemia ◽  
Basal Ganglia ◽  
Subthalamic Nucleus ◽  
Clinical Manifestation ◽  
Cerebral Hemisphere ◽  
Subcortical White Matter ◽  
Pathological Changes ◽  
Limb Weakness ◽  
Involuntary Movements

ABSTRACT:Four patients presented with hemiballism-hemichorea as a clinical manifestation of white matter ischemia. These patients illustrate “positive” motor phenomena rather than limb weakness as a consequence of cerebral ischemia. In each patient, the involuntary movements disappeared following worsening of paresis. Subcortical white matter infarction in three patients and hemodynamic hypo-perfusion in the cerebral hemisphere contralateral to dyskinetic movements were possible causes. Neuroradiologically, none had pathological changes in the vicinity of the subthalamic nucleus. We presume from these observations that ischemia of the subcortical white matter, without involvement of the basal ganglia or the subthalamic nucleus, may cause hemiballism-hemichorea

A White Matter Fiber Microdissection Study of the Anterior Perforated Substance and the Basal Forebrain: A Gateway to the Basal Ganglia?

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 311-320 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlo Serra ◽  
Kevin Akeret ◽  
Nicolai Maldaner ◽  
Victor E Staartjes ◽  
Luca Regli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
White Matter ◽  
Nucleus Accumbens ◽  
Basal Ganglia ◽  
Basal Forebrain ◽  
Layer By Layer ◽  
Lentiform Nucleus ◽  
Fiber Tracts ◽  
Caudate Head ◽  
Anatomical Relationship ◽  
Main Components

Abstract BACKGROUND Studies detailing the anatomy of the basal forebrain (BF) from a neurosurgical perspective are missing. OBJECTIVE To describe the anatomy of the BF and of the anterior perforated substance (APS), the BF emphasizing surgical useful anatomical relationship between surface landmarks and deep structures. METHODS White matter fiber microdissection was performed on 5 brain specimens to analyze the topographic anatomy of the APS and expose layer-by-layer fiber tracts and nuclei of the BF. RESULTS The APS, as identified anatomically, surgically, and neuroradiologically, has clear borders measured 23.3 ± 3.4 mm (19-27) in the mediolateral and 12.5 ± 1.2 mm (11-14) in the anteroposterior directions. A detailed stratigraphy of the BF was performed from the APS up to basal ganglia and thalamus allowing identification and dissection of the main components of the BF (septum, nucleus accumbens, amygdala, innominate substance) and its white matter tracts (band of Broca, extracapsular thalamic peduncle, ventral amygdalohypothalamic fibers). The olfactory trigone together with diagonal gyrus and the APS proper is a relevant superficial landmark for the basal ganglia (inferior to the nucleus accumbens, lateral to the caudate head, and medial to the lentiform nucleus). CONCLUSION The findings in our study supplement available anatomic knowledge of APS and BF, providing reliable landmarks for precise topographic diagnosis of BF lesions and for intraoperative orientation. Surgically relevant relationships between surface and deep anatomic structures are highlighted offering thus a contribution to neurosurgeons willing to perform surgery in this delicate area.

scholarly journals Anatomical aspects of the insula, opercula and peri-insular white matter for a transcortical approach to insular glioma resection

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomasz Andrzej Dziedzic ◽  
Aleksandra Bala ◽  
Andrzej Marchel
Keyword(s):  
White Matter ◽  
Basal Ganglia ◽  
Brain Mapping ◽  
Subcortical White Matter ◽  
Detailed Knowledge ◽  
Zone Ii ◽  
Basal Ganglia Structures ◽  
Glioma Resection ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Transcortical Approach

AbstractThe insula is a lobe located deep in each hemisphere of the brain and is surrounded by eloquent cortical, white matter, and basal ganglia structures. The aim of this study was to provide an anatomical description of the insula and white matter tracts related to surgical treatment of gliomas through a transcortical approach. The study also discusses surgical implications in terms of intraoperative brain mapping. Five adult brains were prepared according to the Klingler technique. Cortical anatomy was evaluated with the naked eye, whereas white matter dissection was performed with the use of a microscope. The widest exposure of the insular surface was noted through the temporal operculum, mainly in zones III and IV according to the Berger-Sanai classification. By going through the pars triangularis in all cases, the anterior insular point and most of zone I were exposed. The narrowest and deepest operating field was observed by going through the parietal operculum. This method provided a suitable approach to zone II, where the corticospinal tract is not covered by the basal ganglia and is exposed just under the superior limiting sulcus. At the subcortical level, the identification of the inferior frontoocipital fasciculus at the level of the limen insulae is critical in terms of preserving the lenticulostriate arteries. Detailed knowledge of the anatomy of the insula and subcortical white matter that is exposed through each operculum is essential in preoperative planning as well as in the intraoperative decision-making process in terms of intraoperative brain mapping.

scholarly journals Fahr's Disease: A Case Report

1970 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 44-45
Author(s):  
Rahul Sinha ◽  
Kirandeep Sodhi ◽  
BM John ◽  
Daljit Singh
Keyword(s):  
Basal Ganglia ◽  
Dentate Nucleus ◽  
Seizure Control ◽  
Subcortical White Matter ◽  
Indian Literature ◽  
Basal Ganglia Calcification ◽  
Fahr’S Disease ◽  
Unusual Condition ◽  
Fahr's Disease ◽  
Key Words Basal Ganglia

We report a case of Fahrs disease in a 15year old girl presented to us with focal seizure with secondary generalisation. Clinically there were no abnormal findings. The CT scan (brain) showed multiple symmetric and extensive calcifications in the basal ganglia, thalamus, and dentate nucleus, subcortical white matter of cerebral and cerebellar areas. Presently the child is under followup with good seizure control with carbamezpine. This rare case of idiopathic Fahr's disease in a child, which has never been reported in Indian literature has been brought out to highlight this unusual condition and its differentiation from the commoner Fahr's syndrome. Key words: Basal ganglia, calcification, Fahrs disease. DOI: 10.3126/jnps.v30i1.2459 Journal of Nepal Paediatric Society Vol.30(1) 2010 44-45

scholarly journals Diffuse subcortical white matter injury and bilateral basal ganglia neuronal loss after acute opioid overdose

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 267-270 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreea I Dinicu ◽  
Amit Chaudhari ◽  
Simon Kayyal
Keyword(s):  
White Matter ◽  
Basal Ganglia ◽  
Neuronal Loss ◽  
Subcortical White Matter ◽  
White Matter Injury ◽  
Adolescent Male ◽  
Opioid Overdose ◽  
Diffuse White Matter ◽  
Neurological Exam ◽  
Life Threatening

Opiate intoxication has been associated with life-threatening effects of sympathetic suppression and respiratory depression, but current literature is limited in describing its neurotoxic effects on the central nervous system. Here, we present the case of an otherwise high-functioning adolescent male who was found unresponsive after ingestion of approximately 3–4 fake oxycodone 10–325 mg pills laced with fentanyl. Magnetic resonance imaging showed evidence of diffuse T2 hyperintensities in the corpus callosum and bilateral frontal, parietal, and cerebellum indicative of diffuse white matter injury. In addition, there were distinct areas of restricted diffusion in the bilateral basal ganglia concerning for oxidative stress-mediated neuronal loss. His neurological exam improved with supportive treatment over the course of his hospitalization. Although limited literature has shown leukoencephalopathy to be associated with opioid overdose, we present a case of additional involvement of subcortical gray matter.

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