Cytomorphological similarities between feline viral leukemia, bovine enzootic leukosis and adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma: A review

Leukemias are malignant neoplasms of hematological origin and originating from bone marrow cells. Innumerable species can be affected by this disease, which can be originated by several causes, including infection by viruses belonging to the Retroviridae family. In felines, humans and cattle, the leukemia-inducing retroviruses are Feline Leukemia Virus (FeLV), human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) and Bovine Leukosis Virus (BLV), respectively. In Brazil, the number of domestic cats infected with FeLV grows progressively, when compared to the incidence of infected animals in developed countries, such as the United States. In cattle, viral leukemia or enzootic bovine leukosis (EBL), caused by BLV, although asymptomatic, leads to decreased production and economic losses. In humans, HTLV-1 was the first human retrovirus described in the 1980s. In this work, the similarities between cytomorphological changes in felines, cattle and humans affected by FeLV, BLV and HTLV-1, respectively, were analyzed. The bibliographic findings showed that the affected species addressed share the presence of atypical and/or reactive lymphocytes, smudge cells, immature cells and nuclear cell atypias in peripheral blood.

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Human T-cell leukemia virus type І associated with an increased risk of primary malignant neoplasm

Mediterranean Journal of Hematology and Infectious Diseases ◽

10.4084/mjhid.2018.024 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

pp. 2018024

Author(s):

Aya Nakaya ◽

Shinya Fujita ◽

Atsushi Satake ◽

Takahisa Nakanishi ◽

Yoshiko Azuma ◽

...

Keyword(s):

T Cell ◽

Cell Lymphoma ◽

Leukemia Virus ◽

Malignant Neoplasm ◽

Malignant Neoplasms ◽

Cell Leukemia Virus Type ◽

Primary Malignant Neoplasm ◽

Human T Cell ◽

Increased Risk ◽

T Cell Leukemia Virus

The correlation between human T-cell leukemia virus type І (HTLV-І) infection and malignant neoplasms other than adult T-cell lymphoma (ATL) remains unknown. We analyzed the frequency of primary malignant neoplasm in HTLV-І-seropositive patients. From January 2006 to December 2016, 203 patients were diagnosed as HTLV-І-seropositive at Kansai Medical University Hospital. Among them, 32 developed a primary malignant neoplasm. Their median age was 64 years old, 63% of them were male, and 69% of them were HTLV-I carriers. This group had the following distribution of ATL subtypes: 31% smoldering type, 0% chronic type, 3% acute type, and 3% lymphoma type. Among them, 53% was hematology malignancy, and solid tumor was 47%. The most frequent type of hematological malignancy was T-cell lymphoma (23%), followed B-cell lymphoma (16%), and myelodysplastic syndromes (6%). The most frequent primary solid tumor locations were the lung (15%), followed by the colon (9%), prostate (6%), kidney (6%), cervix (2%), breast (2%), liver (2%), pancreas (2%), and oral cavity (2%). Our results suggest that HTLV-Іinfection is often associated with the development of other malignant neoplasms. Therefore, HTLV-І-positive patients should be made aware of their increased risk for the onset of a malignant neoplasm and undergo increased surveillance.

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Evidence for human T cell lymphoma-leukemia virus infection of family members of human T cell lymphoma-leukemia virus positive T cell leukemia-lymphoma patients.

Journal of Experimental Medicine ◽

10.1084/jem.157.1.248 ◽

1983 ◽

Vol 157 (1) ◽

pp. 248-258 ◽

Cited By ~ 88

Author(s):

M Robert-Guroff ◽

V S Kalyanaraman ◽

W A Blattner ◽

M Popovic ◽

M G Sarngadharan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

T Cell ◽

Cell Lymphoma ◽

Leukemia Virus ◽

Family Members ◽

The United States ◽

T Cell Lymphoma ◽

Human T Cell ◽

Healthy Donors ◽

Intact Virus ◽

T Cell Malignancies

Sera of family members of patients from the United States, the Caribbean, and Japan, with human T cell lymphoma-leukemia virus (HTLV) associated T cell malignancies, possess HTLV-specific antibodies directed against internal structural components of HTLV, p24 and p19. The prevalence of antibodies to HTLV is greater in family members than in random healthy donors, which supports the infectious nature of HTLV and its association with particular aggressive T cell malignancies. Expression of HTLV p24 and p19 has also been observed in cultured T cells of some healthy relatives, and intact virus particles have been released from cells of one possibly pre-leukemic family member.

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