Regeneration of the damage periderm of potato tuber as a result of the temperature of curing

It is acknowledged that mechanical damage is a major cause of post-harvest losses of potato tubers and the curing is an indispensable process to increase resistance to excoriation. Furthermore, the use of lower curing temperatures is required to maintain the quality and prolong the durability of the tubers. However, they may not allow adequate regeneration of the damage periderm, besides this effect being variable among genotypes. The present study evaluates histological outcomes in the periderm derived from the mechanical damage through a simulation of excoriation, as it is the most common during the harvest and post-harvest stages. Therefore, the objective of this study was to determine the effect of reducing the curing temperature on the number of layers and on the thickness of the damage periderm of potato tubers of cv. Innovator. Histometric analysis of the cork, phellogen, phelloderm and the total periderm of tuber, was performed using the Image-Pro Plus software (MediaCybernetics) after curing for 15 days. The number of layers and thickness of each periderm structural layers were determined from six measurements for each repetition. After curing, there was no formation of the cork and phelloderm in the tubers conducted at 8 ° C under the excoriation treatment, while all components of the periderm were formed at 14 and 20 °C. At 8 and 14 °C, the phellogen differentiated similarly in tubers conducted at control and mechanical damage treatments, while at 20 °C the thickness did not differ in any component of the periderm. The phellogen at 14 and 20 °C did not differ in the number of layers and thickness. The visual aspect of the tuber injuries at 14 and 20 °C emphasizing the regeneration. It is concluded that the reduction of the curing temperature to 8 °C provided slower cell regeneration. However, it is possible to conduct the curing procedure at 14 °C, without compromising the formation of the damage periderm. The cultivar Innovator has rapid cell regeneration at higher curing temperatures, therefore it is recommended that the tubers of this cultivar be cured at 14 or 20 ° C. The study evaluates the mechanical damage through a simulation of the damage by excoriation. The however, for a better understanding of the formation of the damage periderm, it is interesting that other studies evaluate different types of damage, such as impact, comprehension and abrasion, in order to assess the regeneration capacity according to the damage of this cultivar.

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Volatile Profile and Biosynthesis of Post-harvest Apples are Affected by the Mechanical Damage

Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry ◽

10.1021/acs.jafc.1c03532 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Menghua Lin ◽

Jiahui Chen ◽

Di Wu ◽

Kunsong Chen

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Damage ◽

Volatile Profile ◽

Post Harvest

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Evaluation of Surface Effect, On Mechanical Damage of Potato Tubers Using Different Methods

10.13031/aim.20131621826 ◽

2013 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Ahmed Mustafa Rady ◽

Soliman ◽

N Soliman

Keyword(s):

Surface Effect ◽

Mechanical Damage ◽

Potato Tubers

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Automated Line for Post-Harvest Processing of Root Crops and Potatoes

Agricultural machinery and technologies ◽

10.22314/2073-7599-2020-14-1-22-26 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 14 (1) ◽

pp. 22-26

Author(s):

A. S. Dorokhov ◽

M. A. Mosyakov ◽

N. V. Sazonov

Keyword(s):

Block Diagram ◽

Basic Block ◽

Potato Tubers ◽

Labor Costs ◽

System Operation ◽

Line System ◽

Post Harvest ◽

Root Crops ◽

Automated Line

In the process of post-harvest processing of root crops and potatoes in Russia, mechanical sortings of various types are used, which allows to separate the material according to the size criterion and removing impurities. The main requirement for this equipment is to ensure the quality and reliability of technological processes for the impurities separation and the root crops separation into fractions with minimal damage. (Research purpose) To improve the quality of potato tubers sorting using an automated line for post-harvest processing of root crops and potatoes, which allows to reduce their damage and ensure high accuracy of separation into fractions by size. (Materials and methods) The authors studied the automated process of root crops post-harvest processing. They developed approaches and basic technical, technological and constructive solutions aimed at improving the efficiency of root crops and potatoes post-harvest processing. To automate the root crops and potatoes processing, the authors installed the universal web camera Logitech HD Pro C920. They created a basic block diagram of the electronic line system operation. (Results and discussion) The authors clarified the size and mass characteristics of potato tubers with a total weight of 38 356 grams of Nevsky variety of the 2019 harvest and their shape coefficient. They developed design documentation. An experimental line was prepared for potato tubers post-harvest sorting with an original circuit diagram of the electronic system operation. The authors substantiated its design and operational-technological parameters. Practical studies of the automated line work were carried out in the Ryazan region on the basis of the Institute of Seed Production and Agrotechnologies – a branch of the Federal Scientific Agroengineering Center VIM. (Conclusions) The authors determined that the developed automated line for root crops and potatoes post-harvest sorting thanks to digital technologies reduced labor costs by eliminating manual sorting, as well as improving the quality of potato tubers and the accuracy of sorting by size to 95-98 percent. It was revealed that damage to potato tubers did not exceed one percent.

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Forest Ecology beyond the Growing Season: Surveys of Fallen Leaves & Learning about Ecological Interactions

The American Biology Teacher ◽

10.1525/abt.2020.82.4.241 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 82 (4) ◽

pp. 241-246

Author(s):

Evan Lampert

Keyword(s):

Forest Ecology ◽

Mechanical Damage ◽

Growing Season ◽

Literacy Skills ◽

Quantitative Literacy ◽

Ecological Interactions ◽

Analysis Techniques ◽

Animal Activity ◽

Different Types ◽

Fallen Leaves

Forests are excellent “outdoor classrooms” for active learning in ecology and evolution; however, in many areas trees have no leaves or visible animal activity for much of the year. Fallen leaves may preserve evidence of interactions such as herbivory and infectious diseases, although these can be difficult to differentiate from mechanical damage and decomposition in older fallen leaves. I developed an exercise in which students collect fallen leaves and observe several different types of damage to the leaves. I provide images and descriptions of different types of damage and practices to differentiate them. In addition, I provide a list of questions that can be answered by collecting fallen leaves and observations of damage. My students gained valuable quantitative literacy skills by entering data into an online worksheet and performing various calculations and data analysis techniques. This exercise provides many benefits and can be an engaging addition to a high school's or college's outdoor curriculum outside of the growing season.

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The outer quality loss during grain post-harvest treatment and handling

Research in Agricultural Engineering ◽

10.17221/4958-rae ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 49 (No. 3) ◽

pp. 91-102

Author(s):

P. Kroupa

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Damage ◽

Quality Loss ◽

Partial Knowledge ◽

Counter Flow ◽

Post Harvest ◽

Grain Crushing ◽

Grain Damage ◽

Treatment Objective ◽

Food Grain ◽

And Storage

In the paper are presented results of grain outer quality loss investigation during its post-harvest treatment. Objective was to determine the grain damage during its transport by bucket elevators of type “SANFON” at bucket peripheral velocity 2.0 m/s and 2.8 m/sof capacity 40 t/hand 80 t/h, respectively. The damage was investigated at counter-flow and parallel-flow bucket filling. From the measured results resulted the conclusion, that the bucket elevators tend rather to grain crushing, i.e. fraction creation than to smaller damage. On basis of partial knowledge chain elevators have no significant tendency to fraction generation, but incline considerably to the transported grain total mechanical damage at performance significantly lower than is the nominal one. In that case total mechanical damage ranged from 1.78 to 1.98%. Auger conveyers tend rather to total mechanical damage of transported grain than to the fraction creation. This is caused mainly by the friction between the transported grain and transporting “trough”. Total mechanical damage is in range from 1.36 to 1.73%. Belt elevators are friendly to transported grain and therefore are evitable for grain horizontal transport in lines for reception, treatment and storage of food grain crops.

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Induction of Defensive Response in Eucalyptus globulus Plants and its Persistence in Vegetative Propagation

Natural Product Communications ◽

10.1177/1934578x1300800330 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 8 (3) ◽

pp. 1934578X1300800 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Christian Troncoso ◽

Claudia Perez ◽

Victor Hernandez ◽

Manuel Sanchez-Olate ◽

Darcy Rios ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Vegetative Propagation ◽

Eucalyptus Globulus ◽

Mechanical Damage ◽

Defense Responses ◽

Caryophyllene Oxide ◽

Defensive Compounds ◽

Flame Ionization ◽

Different Types ◽

Induction Type ◽

Blue Gum

The expression of defensive compounds derived from secondary metabolism in plants of Eucalyptus globulus Labill, and the persistence of these in vegetative propagation was evaluated by gas chromatography with flame ionization (GC-FID) and mass spectrometry (MS). The plants were induced by attack from the insect Ctenarytaina eucalypti (“blue gum psyllid”) and by mechanical damage. Defense responses were activated in plants for the different types of tested induction. We identified four defensive compounds present in the leaves of plants induced in entomological form (β-terpineol, aromadendrene, caryophyllene-oxide and eremophilene); all remained in the vegetative propagation. After mechanical induction, we identified three compounds (β-terpineol, aromadendrene and ledol), of which ledol and aromadendrene persisted in the vegetative propagation. Virtually all the compounds detected, in addition to persisting in the vegetative propagation, showed specificity for the induction type, whether entomological or mechanical, except for aromadendrene, which was expressed in both types of induction.

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Impact induced mechanical damage of Agria potato tubers

Research in Agricultural Engineering ◽

10.17221/4900-rae ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 51 (No. 2) ◽

pp. 39-43 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

J. Blahovec

Keyword(s):

Potato Variety ◽

Impact Test ◽

Mechanical Damage ◽

The Other ◽

Pig Slurry ◽

Potato Tubers ◽

Irrigation Regimes ◽

Other Hand ◽

Flat Side

Potato variety Agria was cultivated in different fertilisation and/or irrigation regimes. Tuber damage after impact was studied two months after the harvest with aim to find some relation between the regime of cultivation and impact test tuber damage. It was found that tuber cracking and/or crushing belongs to the most frequent mechanisms of damage masking usual bruising in many cases. Most severe tuber cracking was observed for cultivation with irrigation and classical methods of fertilisation. On the other hand, bruising was most frequent in case without any irrigation and fertilisation and in cases used for fertilisation the pig slurry. In every cultivation regime the bruising was more pronounced in narrower tuber side in comparison to the wider flat side.

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