Agrotechnological passport of the potato variety Azart

Цель исследований: изучить реакцию нового среднераннего сорта картофеля Азарт селекции ФГБНУ «ФИЦ картофеля имени А.Г. Лорха» на густоту, сроки посадки и способы внесения минеральных удобрений, по комплексу хозяйственно ценных признаков (морфологические и биологические особенности, потребительские и столовые качества клубней, урожайность, показатели качества клубней, устойчивость к болезням, лежкость при хранении). Опыты проводили на экспериментальной базе «Коренево» ФГБНУ «ФИЦ картофеля имени А.Г. Лорха» (Московская область) в 2018–2020 годах на дерново-подзолистой супесчаной почве с низким содержанием гумуса (1,8–1,9%), высоким – подвижного фосфора (269–278 мг/кг почвы) и ниже среднего – обменного калия (128–130 мг/кг почвы). Минеральные удобрения (азофоска с добавлением калимагнезии) вносили локально двумя лентами при нарезке гребней культиватором КРН-4,2 с туковысевающими аппаратами в середине апреля. Изучали три приема внесения: 1. Единовременное N90P90K135(контроль); 2. Дробно-локальное (стартовое N60P60K90+ подкормка N30P30K45) через 7–10 дней после всходов; 3. Дробное (стартовое N30P30K45 + подкормка N30P30K45) через 7–10 дней после всходов + подкормка N30P30K45 в фазе бутонизации. Посадку картофеля проводили в два срока: ранний (третья декада апреля при температуре почвы не ниже 5–7 °C) и базовый (контроль) – через 7–10 дней после первого срока. Клубни массой 50–80 г высаживали клоновой сажалкой СН-4Б-К на глубину 8–10 см. Исследовали три густоты посадки: 44 (контроль), 50 и 56 тыс. клубней/га по схеме 75×30, 75×27, 75×24 см. Определен наиболее эффективный агрокомплекс приемов, включающий раннюю посадку (третья декада апреля при температуре почвы не ниже 5–7 °C) с густотой 44 тыс. клубней/га на фоне дробно-локального внесения удобрений (стартовое N60P60K90при нарезке гребней + подкормка N30P30K45) при междурядной обработке через 7–10 дней после всходов. В условиях дерново-подзолистой супесчаной почвы Центрального региона Нечерноземной зоны сорт дает прибавку урожая в размере 3,9 т/га, или 10,3%. При этом условный доход составил 39,0 тыс. р/га. The purpose of the research: to study the reaction of a new medium-early potato variety Azart selection of the Russian Potato Research Centre on the density, planting dates and methods of applying mineral fertilizers, according to a complex of economically valuable characteristics (morphological and biological features, consumer and table qualities of tubers, yield, quality indicators of tubers, resistance to diseases, storage shelf life). The experiments were carried out at the experimental base Korenevo Russian Potato Research Centre (Moscow region) in 2018–2020 on sod-podzolic sandy loam soil with low humus content (1.8–1.9%), high – mobile phosphorus (269–278 mg/kg of soil) and below average – exchangeable potassium (128–130 mg/kg of soil). Mineral fertilizers (azofoska with the addition of kalimagnesia) were applied locally with two ribbons when cutting the ridges with a KRN-4,2 cultivator with tow-raising devices in mid-April. We studied three methods of making: 1. One-time N90P90K135 (control); 2. Fractional-local (starting N60P60K90 + top dressing N30P30K45) 7–10 days after germination; 3. Fractional (starting N30P30K45+ top dressing N30P30K45) 7–10 days after germination + top dressing N30P30K45 in the budding phase. Potato planting was carried out in two terms: early (the third decade of April at a soil temperature of at least 5–7 °C) and basic (control) – 7–10 days after the first term. Tubers weighing 50–80 g were planted with a clone planter CH-4B-K to a depth of 8–10 cm. Three planting densities were studied: 44 (control), 50 and 56 thousand tubers/ha according to the scheme 75×30, 75×27, 75×24 cm. The most effective agrocomplex of techniques has been determined, including early planting (the third decade of April at a soil temperature of at least 5–7 °C) with a density of 44 thousand tubers/ha against the background of fractional-local fertilization (starting N60P60K90when cutting ridges + top dressing N30P30K45) with row-to-row processing 7–10 days after germination. In the conditions of sod-podzolic sandy loam soil of the Central region of the Non-Chernozem zone, the variety gives an increase in yield of 3.9 t/ha or 10.3%. At the same time, the conditional income amounted to 39.0 thousand rubles/ha.

First Report of the Root-Knot Nematode, Meloidogyne enterolobii, on Sweet potato in Guangxi Province, China

Sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas Lam.) is the seventh most widely cultivated food crop in the world and the sixth most widely cultivated food crop in China. In June 2021, sweet potato plants were found to be displaying nutrient deficiencies with red leaves in a sweet potato field in Hepu County, Beihai City, Guangxi Province (21°37′43.41"N，109°10′58.74"E). Black irregular protuberant scars on tubers and nodular galls on roots were found. Thirty-five sweet potato ‘Variety Guiziweishu No. 1’ tubers were randomly collected and 97% were infected with root-knot nematodes. Females (n = 20) had perineal patterns that were oval, with moderate to high dorsal arches, the lateral field was not obvious or absent. Morphological measurement of females (n = 20) were made from micrographs taken with a microscope (Axio Imager, Z2, ZEISS). Measurements (mean + standard error) were: body length (BL) = 932.8 ± 18.4 μm; maximum body width (BW) = 588.8 ± 22.0 μm; vulval slit length = 19.6 ± 0.6 μm; and, vulval slit to anus distance = 22.3±0.8 μm. Morphological measurements of second-stage juveniles (J2; n = 20) were: BL =512.0± 5.9 μm; BW = 17.4 ± 0.6 μm; Stylet length = 13.4 ± 0.2 μm; dorsal pharyngeal gland orifice to stylet base (DGO) =3.4 ± 0.0 μm; and, hyaline tail length = 17.6 ± 0.5 μm. These morphological characteristics fit those of the original description for Meloidogyne enterolobii (Yang and Eisenback 1983). Molecular analyses were conducted to confirm species identification. Genomic DNA was extracted from 12 single J2 (Luo et al. 2020). The rDNA-internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region was sequenced using primers V5367/26S (5′-TTGATTACGTCCCTGCCCTTT-3′/5′-TTTCACTCGCCGTTACTAAGG-3′) (Vrain et al. 1992), and the D2–D3 fragment of the 28S rRNA genes using primers D2A/D3B (5′-GTACCGTGAGGGAAAGTTG-3′/5′-TCGGAAGGAACCAGCTACTA-3′) (De Ley et al. 1999). The target gene sequences were 733 bp (GenBank accession no. MZ413814) and 733 bp (MZ411468), respectively; they were all 99-100% similar to those of M. enterolobii sequences available in the GenBank. Species identification was also confirmed using PCR to amplify rDNA-IGS2 with M. enterolobii-specific primers Me-F/Me-R (5′-AACTTTTGTGAAAGTGCCGCTG-3′/5′-TCAGTTCAGGCAGGATCAACC-3′). The electrophoresis results showed a bright band (∼200 bp) only in the lane with the M. enterolobii-specific primers, similar in size to that previously reported for M. enterolobii (Long et al. 2006). Therefore, this Meloidogyne sp. population on sweet potato was identified as M. enterolobii based on its morphological and molecular characteristics. To verify the pathogenicity of nematodes, sweet potato ‘Variety Guiziweishu No. 1’ seedlings were individually planted in 18 cm diameter, 11 cm deep plastic pots containing 1000 cm3 autoclaved sandy soil (sand/soil = 3:1). A total of 15 seedlings were inoculated with 10,000 eggs (the population was same with nematode population in soil the field) and 5 seedlings without eggs were used as a control. Plants were maintained at 25-28°C in a greenhouse. After 2 months, root of inoculated plants exhibited elongated swellings similar to symptoms observed in the field. The noninoculated plants did not have any galls or swelling. A reproduction factor (nematode final population density/initial population density) value of 18.6 was obtained. These results confirmed the nematodes’ pathogenicity. To our knowledge, this is the first report of M. enterolobii on a member of the Convolvulaceae in Guangxi Province. In 2014, the nematode on sweet potato was reported in Guangdong Province (Gao et al. 2014). Guangxi Province is the largest producer of sweet potato in south China and is the third top producing region in the whole country. Meloidogyne enterolobii is a potential risk to the production of sweet potato in this region, and control measures are needed to prevent any further spread.

Tuber and Organoleptic Characteristics of Four Potato Varieties Grown Off-season in Sajang Village, Sembalun

Quality of the tuber is an important factor determining utilization and economic values of the potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) plant. The acceptance of potato variety for industrial processing is determined by the dry matter, starch and reduced sugar contents as well as market acceptance of the products. These characteristics are influenced by the potato variety and cultivation season. This research aimed to evaluate the tuber and organoleptic properties of chips from four potato varieties grown during off-season, in Sajang Village of Sembalun District (at ca. 900 m above mean sea level). A plantation was undertaken at the end of rainy season in 2021, and comprised of four potato varieties, designated as McRusset, Ranger Russet, Chitra and Atlantic. After harvesting and stored at ambient temperature for 2 weeks, raw tubers were characterized for the dry matter, starch, and reduced sugar contents. The tubers were fried as french fries and chips, and sensory analysis were undertaken for likeliness in color, flavour, crispness and overall appearance. The different in properties of these four varieties and its industrial utilization is be presented and discussed in this paper.

Evaluation of the biological effectiveness of inducers of resistance to viral diseases and their impact on potato yield in the field

Оценена биологическая эффективность Фармайода (йод) и Имуноцитофита (эфир арахидоновой кислоты) как индукторов устойчивости картофеля к вирусам в мелкоделяночных (г. Москва) и производственных опытах в Астраханской, Липецкой и Московской областях в 2015–2016 и 2018 годах. В Липецкой области картофель сорта Рамос заражен Y-вирусом картофеля (PVY) и комплексом вирусов M и S (PVM + PVS); в Астраханской области на сорте Импала отмечали комплексы PVM+PVS и PVM+PVS+PVY, в Московской области на сорте ВР-808 был отмечен Y-вирус. Биологическая эффективность Фармайода против Y-вируса в мелкоделяночных опытах на сорте Ред Скарлетт в 2015–2016 годах составила 76,4%, в 2018 году – 73,4%, а Иммуноцитофита – 47,4% и 48,4%. Прибавка урожайности от Фармайода была 21,6–34,4%, а от Иммуноцитофита – 17,0–21,3%. Против М-вируса на сорте Адретта биологическая эффективность Фармайода и Иммуноцитофита в 2015–2016 годах была 70,8% и 51,1%, в 2018 году – 56,5% и 41,3%. Урожайность в 2015–2016 годах увеличилась на 35,2% от применения Фармайода, от Иммуноцитофита – на 16,7%; в 2018 году прибавка – 24,0% и 15,3%, соответственно. В хозяйстве Московской области эффективность Фармайода составила 74,9%, предпосадочная обработка им клубней эффекта не дала. В Липецкой области биологическая эффективность Фармайода была в среднем 73%, Иммуноцитофита – 52%. Прибавка валовой урожайности от Фармайода – 9,1 т/га, Иммуноцитофита – 3,8 т/га, при урожайности в контроле 24,0 т/га; в 2016 году – 6,8 т/га и 3,3 т/га, в контроле – 19,5 т/га. В Астраханской области в 2016 году биологическая эффективность Фармайода – 73,2%, прибавка – 8,6 т/га, у Иммуноцитофита эти показатели – 53,2% и 5,2 т/га, в контроле 18,9 т/га. The biological effectiveness of Pharmaiod (100 g/l iodine) and Immunocitophyt (20 g/kg of ethylic ester of arachidonic acid) as inducers of potato resistance to viruses was evaluated in small plot trials (Moscow) and field experiments in the Astrakhan, Lipetsk and Moscow oblast in 2015–2016 and 2018. In the Lipetsk oblast, the potato variety Ramos was infected with the potato virus Y (PVY) and the complex infection of the potato viruses M and S (PVM + PVS); in Astrakhan oblast on Impala variety, the PVM + PVS and PVM + PVS + PVY virus complexes were noted; in Moscow oblast the potato variety VR-808 was infected with PVY. In 2015–2016 in small plot trials the biological effectiveness of Pharmaiod against PVY on Red Scarlet variety averaged 76.4%, in 2018–73.4% and Immunocitophyt – 47.4% and 48.4%. The yield increase from the use Pharmaiod was 21.6–34.4%, and from Immunocitophyt – 17.0–21.3%. The biological effectiveness of Pharmaiod and Immunocitophyt against the M-virus on Adretta variety in 2015–2016 was 70.8% and 51.1%, in 2018–56.5% and 41.3%. The total yield in 2015–2016 increased by 35.2% from the use of Pharmaiod, from Immunocytofit by 16.7%, in 2018, the increase was by 24.0% and 15.3%, respectively. In the farm of Moscow Oblast, the effectiveness of Pharmaiod was 74.9%, the pre-planting treatment of tubers did not have a significant effect. In Lipetsk oblast, the biological effectiveness of Pharmaiod averaged 73%, Immunocitophyt – 52%. The total yield increase from the use Pharmaiod is 9.1 t/ha, from Immunocitophyt – 3.8 t/ha, when the yield in the control variant was 24.0 t/ha; in 2016–6.8 t/ha and 3.3 t/ha, in control – 19.5 t/ha. In 2016 in Astrakhan oblast the biological effectiveness of Pharmaiod was 73.2%, the increase was 8.6 t/ha, in Immunocitophyt these rates were 53.2% and 5.2 t/ha, in the control 18.9 t/ha.

Productivity and viral diseases of seed potatoes depending on the period of potato desiccation

The aim of the research was to determine the crop productivity, yield of tubers of seed fraction and infection of basic potato seeds with viral infection depending on the period of potato desiccation, application of mineral oil Sunspray, the number and species of winged aphids in the Polissia region of Ukraine. The study was conducted in the prebasic seed production nursery garden of the Institute for Potato Research, NAAS under the conditions of spatial isolation from the main sources and vectors of viral infections of potatoes, located in Nemishaieve, Borodiаnka distr., Kyiv region in the southern part of the Polissia region of Ukraine. The subject of the research is pre-basic and basic seed material of potatoes of mid ripening varieties Myroslava, Predslava, Alians. On average for 2018-2020 years of studies, the highest seed yield was obtained by potato desiccation 10 days after flowering of potatoes - 82.4-85.3 %. However, the level of total and seed yields was low. The efficiency of seed potato production increased with the haulm removal after 20 days - with the total yield depending on the variety 20.6-30.0 t/ha, the yield of seed tubers was in the range of 20.6-22.9 t/ha with the seed content in the crop structure - 71.0-76.3 %. Late haulm removal – on 30th and 40th days after potatoes flowering caused an increase in the yield of tubers of non-standard fraction, with desiccation on 30th day, the seed content in the crop decreased by 61.1-66.0 %, and with desiccation on 40th – by 54-59.8 %. Thus, during the early haulm removal, part of the crop was lost, which during haulm removal in the late stages consisted of large tubers. It has been found out, that potato plants, where the haulm removal during 2018, 2019 was carried out within 10 days after flowering, which was 4.0 % (9.0 % for the check) for the Myroslav potato variety, 3.0 % (10.0 % for the check) for the Predslava potato variety and 4.0 % (9.0 % for the check) for the Alians potato variety were the least infected with PVM. The level of PVM infection when removing the haulm on the 10th day after flowering with the application of Sunspray mineral oil at a rate of 6.0 l/ha decreased on average for the three varieties by 1.5–2.5 %. The best option to preserve the quality characteristics of seed potatoes was to desiccate the potato haulm on 20th day after flowering of potato varieties Myroslava, Predslava and Alians and the application of mineral oil Sunspray - 6.0 l / ha. The yield was 28.8-30.0 t/ha, seed fraction 20.6-22.9, seed yield - 71.0-76.3 %, viral PVM infection was 2.0 3.0 %

Dissemination of BARI released potato varieties in Rangpur region of Bangladesh

The experiment was conducted during rabi season 2019-2020 at Rangpur and Kurigram districts under Agricultural Research Station, On Farm Research Division, Alamnagar, Rangpur to promote and disseminate newly released potato variety, BARI Alu-35, BARI Alu-36, BARI Alu-37, BARI Alu-40 and BARI Alu-41among the potato growers of Rangpur sadar Upzilla in Rangpur and Chilmari Upazilla in Kurigram. The experiment was arranged in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with four dispersed replications. The treatments included T1: BARI Alu-35, T2: BARI Alu-36, T3: BARI Alu-37, T4: BARI Alu-40 and T5: BARI Alu-41. BARI Alu-41 showed excellent performance and higher yield followed by BARI Alu-40 and BARI Alu-36. Farmers were happy to observe the performance of the varieties and demanded quality seed for next year cultivation. The highest common scab infection was observed in (BARI Alu-35) (1.62%) where the lowest in BARI Alu-41. Maximum virus infected was found in BARI Alu-40 (2.29%), where the lowest infection was observed in BARI Alu-41 (1.22%). Progressive Agriculture 32 (1): 17-21, 2021