Evaluation of mechanical damage of Lady Rosetta potato tubers using different methods

Author(s):  
Ahmed Mustafa Rady ◽  
N. Soliman
2012 ◽  
Vol 51 (No. 2) ◽  
pp. 39-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Blahovec

Potato variety Agria was cultivated in different fertilisation and/or irrigation regimes. Tuber damage after impact was studied two months after the harvest with aim to find some relation between the regime of cultivation and impact test tuber damage. It was found that tuber cracking and/or crushing belongs to the most frequent mechanisms of damage masking usual bruising in many cases. Most severe tuber cracking was observed for cultivation with irrigation and classical methods of fertilisation. On the other hand, bruising was most frequent in case without any irrigation and fertilisation and in cases used for fertilisation the pig slurry. In every cultivation regime the bruising was more pronounced in narrower tuber side in comparison to the wider flat side.


2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. e106996700
Author(s):  
Ariana Mota Pereira ◽  
Edgard Augusto de Toledo Picoli ◽  
Mateus de Paula Gomes ◽  
Kharen Priscilla de Oliveira Salomão Petrucci ◽  
Aline da Silva Bhering ◽  
...  

It is acknowledged that mechanical damage is a major cause of post-harvest losses of potato tubers and the curing is an indispensable process to increase resistance to excoriation. Furthermore, the use of lower curing temperatures is required to maintain the quality and prolong the durability of the tubers. However, they may not allow adequate regeneration of the damage periderm, besides this effect being variable among genotypes. The present study evaluates histological outcomes in the periderm derived from the mechanical damage through a simulation of excoriation, as it is the most common during the harvest and post-harvest stages. Therefore, the objective of this study was to determine the effect of reducing the curing temperature on the number of layers and on the thickness of the damage periderm of potato tubers of cv. Innovator. Histometric analysis of the cork, phellogen, phelloderm and the total periderm of tuber, was performed using the Image-Pro Plus software (MediaCybernetics) after curing for 15 days. The number of layers and thickness of each periderm structural layers were determined from six measurements for each repetition. After curing, there was no formation of the cork and phelloderm in the tubers conducted at 8 ° C under the excoriation treatment, while all components of the periderm were formed at 14 and 20 °C. At 8 and 14 °C, the phellogen differentiated similarly in tubers conducted at control and mechanical damage treatments, while at 20 °C the thickness did not differ in any component of the periderm. The phellogen at 14 and 20 °C did not differ in the number of layers and thickness. The visual aspect of the tuber injuries at 14 and 20 °C emphasizing the regeneration. It is concluded that the reduction of the curing temperature to 8 °C provided slower cell regeneration. However, it is possible to conduct the curing procedure at 14 °C, without compromising the formation of the damage periderm. The cultivar Innovator has rapid cell regeneration at higher curing temperatures, therefore it is recommended that the tubers of this cultivar be cured at 14 or 20 ° C. The study evaluates the mechanical damage through a simulation of the damage by excoriation. The however, for a better understanding of the formation of the damage periderm, it is interesting that other studies evaluate different types of damage, such as impact, comprehension and abrasion, in order to assess the regeneration capacity according to the damage of this cultivar.


2012 ◽  
Vol 52 (No. 3) ◽  
pp. 81-86
Author(s):  
J. Blahovec ◽  
A. Hejlová ◽  
J. Vacek

The Agria potato tubers were grown in 2005 in cultivation regimes involving different irrigation and fertilisation levels and forms. The impact induced tuber damage was simulated dynamically by an impact pendulum test and studied with the aim to detect some relationship between the cultivation regimes and the type and extent of the damage. The usual bruising presented as black spots is in many cases masked by other mechanisms of damage, e.g. by tuber cracking and/or crushing. The highest degree of tuber cracking and at the same time the least frequent bruising were observed for tubers cultivated in the regime with irrigation and without fertilising. The bruising was more pronounced in the narrower tuber side in comparison to the wider flat side in all cultivation regimes. Some results could be compared with similar previous measurements performed on tubers from the same field experiment organised during three successive years 2003–2005. The flatter side parts of the Agria tubers are more sensitive to bruising than the more oblique ones. The bruise spot shape depends mainly on its dimension. The role of different cultivation regimes can be interpreted in this way.


Author(s):  
Д.В. КОЛОШЕИН ◽  
Н.В. ЦЫГАНОВ ◽  
Л.А. МАСЛОВА ◽  
С.Н. КУЛЬКОВ

Проблема и цель. Целью проводимого исследования является снижение механических повреждений в процессе погрузки, перевозки клубней и закладке картофеля на хранение. Методология. Повреждения клубней влияют на лежкость картофеля при хранении. Для достижения цели исследования были определены в соответствии со стандартами предельно допустимые значения энергии удара и высоты падения клубней. Анализ факторов, влияющих на появление повреждений клубней картофеля, позволил группе авторов предложить классификацию основных факторов. Дальнейший анализ показал, что факторы или причины, влияющие на появление повреждений у клубней картофеля, делятся на несколько основных видов. Биологический фактор возникновения повреждений клубней картофеля, как показывает практика, можно минимизировать за счет районирования сортов картофеля (использование наиболее пригодных сортов картофеля для машинной уборки) и соблюдения технологии уборки урожая. Технический фактор в первую очередь зависит от конструктивных особенностей картофелеуборочной техники. Результаты. Проведенные исследования позволили уточнить причины механических повреждений клубней, получаемых при закладке на хранение картофеля в контейнеры. Были определены также размерно-массовые характеристики сорта картофеля «Гала» Заключение. По итогам проведенных исследований было определено, что при загрузке контейнеров и хранении картофеля, а также с целью снижения повреждений клубней необходимо применять различные типы гасителей ударной нагрузки. Самым простым гасителем будут являться ремни из прорезиненной ткани, с креплением по краям контейнера. Problem and goal. The purpose of the study is to reduce mechanical damage during loading, transportation of tubers and laying potatoes for storage. Methodology. Damage to the tubers afects the shelf life of potatoes during storage. Thus, in order to achieve the goal of the study, the maximum permissible values of the impact energy and the fall height of the tubers were determined in accordance with the standards. For this purpose, a group of authors proposed a classifcation of factors that afect the appearance of damage to potato tubers. The analysis of the factors allowed us to identify the classifcation of the necessary factors that afect the appearance of mechanical damage. Further analysis showed that the factors or causes that afect the appearance of damage in potato tubers are divided into several main types. The biological factor of damage to potato tubers, as practice shows, can be minimized by zoning potato varieties (using the most suitable potato varieties for machine harvesting) and compliance with harvesting technology. The technical factor, as practice shows, primarily depends on the design features of potato harvesting equipment. Results. The conducted research allowed us to clarify the causes of mechanical damage to tubers obtained when storing potatoes in containers. The size and mass characteristics of the potato variety "Gala" were also determined» Conclusion. Based on the results of the conducted studies, it was determined that various types of shock absorbers should be used to load containers and store potatoes, as well as to reduce damage to tubers. The simplest extinguisher will be belts made of rubberized fabric, with fastening at the edges of the container.


2011 ◽  
Vol 32 (No. 3) ◽  
pp. 89-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Hamouz ◽  
J. Čepl ◽  
P. Dvořák

In 1995–1997 seven varieties of potatoes were cultivated in field trials in twelve localities in the Czech Republic. Six of the twelve localities were situated in lower, warmer and drier areas with fertile, predominantly loamy soils. The other localities were situated in higher, colder and more humid areas. They represent traditional potato-growing areas  in the Czech Republic. After harvest  potato tubers of all varieties were analysed for resistance to mechanical damage, dry matter content, reducing sugar (RS) content, nitrate content, polyphenol content. Glycoalkaloid (GA) content  was analysed only in Karin variety. In all experimental years potatoes cultivated at lower altitudes contained less RS (by 22%), less polyphenolic compounds (by 5.8%), higher percentage of tubers not mechanically damaged with the rebound pendulum (by 12.7%), compared to tubers from higher localities. On the other hand, tubers grown at lower altitudes contained more nitrates (by 26.8%) in all three years. Over the three years, the average of results in Karin variety did not demonstrate the influence of environmental conditions of the areas on GA content in tubers.    


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