The purpose of this study was to determine the role of estrogen in neuropeptide Y (NPY) and Y1 receptor (Y1R)-mediated vascular responses in female rats. Based on earlier work from our laboratory that female rats lacked an NPY contribution to hindlimb vascular conductance relative to males, we tested the hypothesis that estrogen modulates Y1R-mediated hindlimb blood flow control. Thus it was expected that ovariectomy would: 1) increase skeletal muscle Y1R expression, 2) decrease skeletal muscle Y2 receptor (Y2R) expression, 3) decrease peptidase activity, and/or 4) increase overall skeletal muscle NPY concentration. Separate groups of control (CTL), ovariectomized (OVX), and OVX + 17β-estradiol replacement (OVX + E2; 21-day pellet) rats were studied. Animals were anesthetized and given localized hindlimb delivery of BIBP-3226 (Y1R antagonist), while femoral artery blood flow and blood pressure were recorded. Tissue samples from the white and red vastus lateralis muscle were extracted to examine Y1R and Y2R expression, peptidase activity, and NPY concentration. We found that Y1R blockade resulted in increased baseline hindlimb blood flow and vascular conductance in OVX rats, whereas no change was noted in CTL or OVX + E2 groups ( P < 0.05). This enhanced functional effect in the OVX group aligned with greater skeletal muscle Y1R expression in white vastus muscle and a substantial increase in NPY concentration in both white and red vastus muscle compared with CTL and OVX + E2 groups. There was no change in Y2R expression or peptidase activity among the groups. These data support the hypothesis that estrogen blunts Y1R activation in the rat hindlimb through an effect on Y1R expression and NPY concentration.
N-Butyl Cyanoacrylate Embolization with Blood Flow Control of an Arterioportal Shunt That Developed after Radiofrequency Ablation of Hepatocellular Carcinoma
