ErylusGray (Porifera: Geodiidae) has been recorded in
Australian waters from two antiquated reports
(E. lendenfeldi Sollas, 1888 and
E. proximus Dendy, 1916). These two species are
redescribed. From more recent collections from the Great Barrier Reef, Coral
Sea, southern Queensland and Western Australia four new species
(E. amissus, E. circus,
E. citrus and E. fromonta, spp.
nov.) were discovered and are described. One other, presently unrecognisable,
species from an antiquated museum slide preparation is also described. A
tabular review of species worldwide is also provided.
Erylus has been an important source of novel bioactive
compounds, including those with antitumor and antifungal properties and that
are helpful in combating autoimmune diseases (including HIV). This discovery
of four new species, increasing the diversity of the genus by 66% in
Australian waters, has important implications pertaining to the existence of
new compounds, or analogues of existing compounds unique to
Erylus, as potential therapeutic marine natural
products.
Potential for rapid genetic adaptation to warming in a Great Barrier Reef coral