scholarly journals In vitro Chromosome Aberration Test and in vivo Micronucleus Test of Ca-type Garcinia Extract

2006 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 80-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiromi ONO ◽  
Hideyuki TAMURA ◽  
Yasuhiro YAMASHITA ◽  
Kouichi TAMURA ◽  
Keiko IWAKURA
Keyword(s):  
Chromosome Aberration ◽  
Micronucleus Test ◽  
Chromosome Aberration Test

Genotoxicity Studies on Sel-Plex®, a Standardized, Registered High-Selenium Yeast

2006 ◽  
Vol 25 (6) ◽  
pp. 477-485 ◽  
Author(s):  
James C. Griffiths ◽  
Ray A. Matulka ◽  
Ronan Power
Keyword(s):  
Chromosome Aberration ◽  
Micronucleus Test ◽  
Mutagenic Activity ◽  
Human Lymphocytes ◽  
Selenium Yeast ◽  
Yeast Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Reverse Mutation ◽  
High Selenium ◽  
Chromosome Aberration Test

Selenium, recognized as an essential nutrient for human health, is a component of proteins and enzymes required for various biological functions and is currently being used as a feed supplement for livestock in geographical areas that are naturally low in selenium. Selenium is structurally similar to sulfur, replacing the sulfur atom in stoichiometric amounts and thus functions through an association with proteins, termed selenoproteins. In geographic areas low in selenium, there is the potential for animals (including humans) to become selenium deficient and this potential deficiency can be remedied by consumption of exogenous selenium, including selenium-enriched yeast ( Saccharomyces cerevisiae) that contains high levels of organic selenium (e.g., selenized yeast). A unique, standardized, registered high selenium food-grade baker’s yeast ( S. cerevisiae; Sel-Plex®), was tested in the following battery of Genotoxicity assays; (1) a bacterial reverse mutation test (Ames test); (2) an in vitro mammalian chromosome aberration test; and (3) a mouse micronucleus test. Under the conditions of this assay, Sel-Plex® showed no evidence of mutagenic activity in Salmonella typhimurium, in the bacterial reverse mutation test. Sel-Plex® did not induce significant chromosomal aberrations in cultured human lymphocytes in the in vitro mammalian chromosome aberration test. Sel-Plex® did not statistically increase the frequency or proportion of micronucleated immature erythrocytes in the mouse micronucleus test. Thus, from the studies presented here, the authors conclude that Sel-Plex® is nongenotoxic.

scholarly journals In Vitro Genotoxicity Assessment from the Glycyrrhiza New Variety Extract

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (21) ◽  
pp. 10257
Author(s):  
Young-Jae Song ◽  
Dong-Gu Kim ◽  
Jeonghoon Lee ◽  
Wonnam Kim ◽  
Hyo-Jin An ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ames Test ◽  
Micronucleus Test ◽  
Herbal Medicines ◽  
Mouse Bone Marrow ◽  
New Variety ◽  
Polychromatic Erythrocytes ◽  
Chromosome Aberration Test ◽  
In Vitro Genotoxicity

The various species that comprise the genus Glycyrrhiza (Licorice) have long been used as oriental herbal medicines in Asian countries. Wongam (WG), which is a new variety of Glycyrrhiza, was developed in Korea to overcome the limitations of low productivity, environmental restrictions, and an insufficient presence of glycyrrhizic acid and liquiritigenin. In this study, we evaluated WG extract’s genotoxicity through an in vitro bacterial reverse mutation (AMES) test, an in vitro chromosome aberration test, and an in vivo mouse bone marrow micronucleus test. In the AMES test, WG extract at concentrations of up to 5000 µg/plate showed no genotoxicity regardless of S9 mix. No chromosome aberrations appeared after 6 h in 1400 µg/mL WG extract regardless of S9 mix or in 1100 µg/mL WG extract after 24 h without S9 mix. Nor was there a significant increase in the number of micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes to total erythrocytes up to 5000 mg/kg/day for 2 days detected in the micronucleus test. These results confirm that WG extract is safe for use as an herbal medicine, as it precipitates no detectable genotoxic effects.

scholarly journals Evaluation of cytotoxicity and mutagenicity of the benzodiazepine flunitrazepam in vitro and in vivo

2014 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 251-256
Author(s):  
Igor Vivian de Almeida ◽  
Giovana Domingues ◽  
Lilian Capelari Soares ◽  
Elisângela Düsman ◽  
Veronica Elisa Pimenta Vicentini
Keyword(s):  
Rattus Norvegicus ◽  
Bone Marrow Cells ◽  
Micronucleus Test ◽  
Term Treatment ◽  
Genotoxic Effects ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Short Term Treatment ◽  
Chromosomal Aberration Test

Flunitrazepam (FNZ) is a sedative benzodiazepine prescribed for the short-term treatment of insomnia. However, there are concerns regarding possible carcinogenic or genotoxic effects of this medicine. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the cytotoxic, clastogenic and aneugenic effects of FNZ in hepatoma cells from Rattus norvegicus (HTC) in vitro and in bone marrow cells of Wistar rats in vivo. These effects were examined in vitro following treatment with 0.2, 1.0, 5.0 or 10 μg/mL FNZ using a micronucleus test with a cytokinesis block or in vivo using a chromosomal aberration test following treatment with 7, 15 or 30 μg/mL/kg body weight. The results showed that the benzodiazepine concentrations tested were not cytotoxic, aneugenic or clastogenic. However, considering the adverse effects of using this benzodiazepine, more studies are required.

scholarly journals Evaluation of mutagenicity, genotoxicity and chronic toxicity of antiviral drug imidazolyl ethanamide pentandioic acid in in vitro and in vivo test systems

2021 ◽  
Vol 98 (5) ◽  
pp. 548-557
Author(s):  
E. A. Jain ◽  
D. Pleimes ◽  
A. A. Globenko
Keyword(s):  
Oral Administration ◽  
Chromosomal Aberrations ◽  
Ames Test ◽  
Chronic Toxicity ◽  
Micronucleus Test ◽  
Human Lymphocytes ◽  
Antiviral Drug ◽  
Systemic Exposure

Introduction. The antiviral properties of imidazolyl ethanamide pentandioic acid (IPA), the active compound of the drug product, has been proven in various experimental models. However, the literature data on the toxicological properties of IPA are limited.Purpose. To evaluate mutagenic and genotoxic properties in in vitro and in vivo models, as well as to study the toxicity of IPA following chronic oral administration to rats and dogs.Materials and methods. Mutagenic and genotoxic properties of IPA were assessed using the Ames test, the test of chromosomal aberrations in human lymphocytes, and the micronucleus test in rats. The chronic toxicity of IPA was studied in Sprague Dawley rats and beagle dogs of both sexes, to which IPA was administered orally at doses of 30-300 mg/kg/day for 26 and 39 weeks, respectively.Results and discussion. In the Ames test, the addition of IPA up to the maximum dose (5000 mcg/plate) did not result in the increase in the number of revertant colonies. At a concentration of up to 5000 mcg/ml, IPA did not cause chromosomal aberrations in human leukocytes. At doses doses ≤ 2000 mg/kg, IPA did not increase the amount of micronuclei in the bone marrow of rats. In chronic experiments, animals tolerated the administration of IPA well: the dose without an observed effect (NOEL) for rats and dogs was 300 mg/kg/day.Conclusion. IPA did not show mutagenic and genotoxic properties in standard in vitro and in vivo tests. With chronic oral administration to rats and dogs, NOEL IPA equal to 300 mg/kg/day provided a systemic exposure that was 8-10 and 41-65 times higher than that in humans, respectively. The results obtained allow us to consider the safety profile of the prolonged use in humans as favorable.

A phytotherapeutic extract of Equisetum myriochaetum is not genotoxic either in the in vivo wing somatic test of Drosophila or in the in vitro human micronucleus test

2007 ◽  
Vol 111 (1) ◽  
pp. 182-189 ◽  
Author(s):  
María Guadalupe Ordaz Téllez ◽  
Horacio Bárcenas Rodríguez ◽  
Guillermo Quevedo Olivares ◽  
América Nitxin Castañeda Sortibrán ◽  
Adolfo Andrade Cetto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Micronucleus Test
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