scholarly journals Genotoxicity evaluation of Guibi-Tang extract using an in vitro bacterial reverse mutation assay, chromosome aberration assay, and in vivo micronucleus test

2014 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mee-Young Lee ◽  
Chang-Seob Seo ◽  
Ji-Young Kim ◽  
Hyeun-Kyoo Shin
Keyword(s):  
Chromosome Aberration ◽  
Micronucleus Test ◽  
Reverse Mutation ◽  
Chromosome Aberration Assay ◽  
Mutation Assay

Genotoxicity Studies on Sel-Plex®, a Standardized, Registered High-Selenium Yeast

2006 ◽  
Vol 25 (6) ◽  
pp. 477-485 ◽  
Author(s):  
James C. Griffiths ◽  
Ray A. Matulka ◽  
Ronan Power
Keyword(s):  
Chromosome Aberration ◽  
Micronucleus Test ◽  
Mutagenic Activity ◽  
Human Lymphocytes ◽  
Selenium Yeast ◽  
Yeast Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Reverse Mutation ◽  
High Selenium ◽  
Chromosome Aberration Test

Selenium, recognized as an essential nutrient for human health, is a component of proteins and enzymes required for various biological functions and is currently being used as a feed supplement for livestock in geographical areas that are naturally low in selenium. Selenium is structurally similar to sulfur, replacing the sulfur atom in stoichiometric amounts and thus functions through an association with proteins, termed selenoproteins. In geographic areas low in selenium, there is the potential for animals (including humans) to become selenium deficient and this potential deficiency can be remedied by consumption of exogenous selenium, including selenium-enriched yeast ( Saccharomyces cerevisiae) that contains high levels of organic selenium (e.g., selenized yeast). A unique, standardized, registered high selenium food-grade baker’s yeast ( S. cerevisiae; Sel-Plex®), was tested in the following battery of Genotoxicity assays; (1) a bacterial reverse mutation test (Ames test); (2) an in vitro mammalian chromosome aberration test; and (3) a mouse micronucleus test. Under the conditions of this assay, Sel-Plex® showed no evidence of mutagenic activity in Salmonella typhimurium, in the bacterial reverse mutation test. Sel-Plex® did not induce significant chromosomal aberrations in cultured human lymphocytes in the in vitro mammalian chromosome aberration test. Sel-Plex® did not statistically increase the frequency or proportion of micronucleated immature erythrocytes in the mouse micronucleus test. Thus, from the studies presented here, the authors conclude that Sel-Plex® is nongenotoxic.

The Effect of Ergothioneine on Clastogenic Potential and Mutagenic Activity

2011 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 405-409 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander G. Schauss ◽  
Erzsébet Béres ◽  
Adél Vértesi ◽  
Zsuzsanna Frank ◽  
Ilona Pasics ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Supplement ◽  
Micronucleus Test ◽  
Mutagenic Activity ◽  
Metabolic Activation ◽  
Chromosome Aberration Assay ◽  
Mammalian Erythrocyte ◽  
Polychromatic Erythrocytes ◽  
Structural Chromosome

L-(+)-ergothioneine has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties in vitro and in vivo and has uses as a dietary supplement and as an ingredient in foods, cosmetics, and as a pharmaceutical additive. The clastogenic potential and mutagenic of ergothioneine were assessed in vitro and in vivo. Ergothioneine concentrations up to 5000 μg/mL, with and without metabolic activation, was tested in the chromosome aberration assay with CHL cells and found not to induce structural chromosome aberrations. In the in vivo mammalian erythrocyte micronucleus test, ergothioneine was administered orally to male mice at doses up to 1500 mg/kg for potential genotoxic activity. No increase in the frequency of micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes was observed.  Overall, ergothioneine was not genotoxic in these studies and provides additional experimental evidence supporting the safety of its use as a potential dietary supplement.

Toxicology of Diethylene Glycol Butyl Ether 3. Genotoxicity Evaluation in an In Vitro Gene Mutation Assay and an In Vivo Cytogenetic Test

1993 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 155-159 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Bhaskar Gollapudi ◽  
V. A. Linscombe ◽  
M. L. Mcclintock ◽  
A. K. Sinha ◽  
C. R. Stack
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Gene Mutation ◽  
Micronucleus Test ◽  
Mouse Bone Marrow ◽  
Butyl Ether ◽  
Polychromatic Erythrocytes ◽  
Mutation Assay ◽  
Gene Mutation Assay

DGBE was evaluated in a forward gene mutation assay at the HGPRT locus of CHO cells in culture and in an in vivo mouse bone marrow micronucleus test for cytogenetic damage. DGBE did not elicit a positive response in the CHO/HGPRT assay when tested up to a maximum concentration of 5000 μg/ml with and without an external metabolic activation system (S-9). In the micronucleus test employing three post-treatment bone marrow sampling times (24, 48, and 72 hr), DGBE was ineffective in increasing the incidence of micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes (MN-PCE) when tested in both sexes up to a maximum tolerated dose of 3300 mg/kg body weight. Thus, these data and those of others indicate a general lack of genotoxic potential for DGBE in short-term tests.

scholarly journals In vitro Chromosome Aberration Test and in vivo Micronucleus Test of Ca-type Garcinia Extract

2006 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 80-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiromi ONO ◽  
Hideyuki TAMURA ◽  
Yasuhiro YAMASHITA ◽  
Kouichi TAMURA ◽  
Keiko IWAKURA
Keyword(s):  
Chromosome Aberration ◽  
Micronucleus Test ◽  
Chromosome Aberration Test

scholarly journals Assessment of genotoxicity of Ssanghwa-tang, an herbal formula, by using bacterial reverse mutation, chromosome aberration, and in vivo micronucleus tests

2021 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 25-38
Author(s):  
Ji-Hye Jang ◽  
Chang-Seob Seo ◽  
Mee-Young Lee ◽  
Hyeun-Kyoo Shin ◽  
Su-Cheol Han ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chromosome Aberration ◽  
Metabolic Activity ◽  
Ames Test ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Micronucleus Test ◽  
Chinese Hamster ◽  
Water Extract ◽  
Herbal Formula ◽  
Reverse Mutation

Objectives: Ssanghwa-tang (SHT) is a traditional herbal formula comprising nine medicinal herbs, and it is used for reducing fatigue in Korea. SHT exerts various effects such as anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anti-aging activities, and protection against acute hepatotoxicity. However, the genotoxicity of SHT has not yet been established.Methods: Ten components were identified in SHT water extract by using high-performance liquid chromatography analysis. We assessed the genotoxicity of SHT by using bacterial reverse mutation (Ames test), chromosome aberration, and in vivo micronucleus tests.Results: The contents of paeoniflorin, glycyrrhizin, and liquiritin apioside in SHT were 15.57, 6.94, and 3.48 mg/g extract, respectively. SHT did not increase the revertant colonies of Salmonella typhimurium and Escherichia coli strains in the presence or absence of metabolic activity. Although SHT did not induce structurally abnormal chromosomes in Chinese hamster lung (CHL) cells in the presence of metabolic activity, the number of structurally aberrated chromosomes increased dose-dependently in the absence of metabolic activity. In the in vivo micronucleus test, SHT did not affect the formation of micronuclei compared with the vehicle control.Conclusions: Genotoxicity of SHT was not observed in the Ames test and in vivo micronucleus test. However, based on the results of chromosome aberration test, it can be presumed that SHT has the potential to induce genotoxicity because it induced structurally abnormal chromosomes in the absence of metabolic activity.

scholarly journals Toxicological assessment of β-galactosidase shows no adverse effects in vivo and in vitro

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 239784732090877
Author(s):  
Jennifer M Symonds ◽  
Tomohiro Fujita ◽  
Shouhei Aoki ◽  
Kazuma Shiota ◽  
Claire L Kruger
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Chromosome Aberration ◽  
Micronucleus Assay ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Oral Toxicity ◽  
Ames Assay ◽  
Toxicological Assessment ◽  
Chromosome Aberration Assay

A safety assessment for β-galactosidase derived from Aspergillus oryzae (GODO-FAL) was performed. The test article was a concentrated, purified β-galactosidase diluted in glycerin and water with an activity of 10,000 U/mL. A series of genotoxicology tests including micronucleus assay, chromosome aberration assay, and reverse mutagenesis (Ames) assay confirmed that GODO-FAL was not clastogenic or mutagenic at any of the concentrations used, up to 2000 µg/mL for the chromosome aberration assay and 5000 mg per plate in the Ames assay. GODO-FAL was not toxic in acute, repeated oral toxicity, and sub-chronic toxicity assays in Sprague–Dawley rats at any dose used, up to 2000 mg/kg/day. Based on results from the subchronic toxicology assay, the no observed adverse effects level for GODO-FAL was at least 2000 mg/kg/day.

scholarly journals Assessment of Cyto/Genotoxicity of Irinotecan in V79 Cells Using the Comet, Micronucleus, and Chromosome Aberration Assay

2010 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vilena Kašuba ◽  
Ružica Rozgaj ◽  
Marija Gamulin ◽  
Ivančica Trošić
Keyword(s):  
Comet Assay ◽  
Chromosome Aberration ◽  
Topoisomerase I ◽  
Micronucleus Test ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Time Dependent ◽  
V79 Cells ◽  
Chromosome Aberration Assay ◽  
Dependent Relation ◽  
Dose Dependent

Assessment of Cyto/Genotoxicity of Irinotecan in V79 Cells Using the Comet, Micronucleus, and Chromosome Aberration AssayIrinotecan is a topoisomerase I interactive agent, widely used in the treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer. The genotoxic effects of the maximum single dose (18 μg mL-1), recommended monotherapy dose (9 μg mL-1), and recommended combined therapy dose (4.5 μg mL-1) of irinotecan were studied on V79 cells using the comet assay, chromosome aberration assay, and micronucleus test. The cells were treated with irinotecan for 2 h or 24 h. The statistical significance of the results was determined using the one-way ANOVA test and a nonparametric Mann Whitney U test. The comet assay did not show dose-dependent or time-dependent effects. The chromosome aberration analysis showed large DNA rearrangements, i.e., chromosome exchanges. Although the exposed cultures showed a significant increase in micronucleated cells in respect to control, no dose-dependent relation was established among the treated cultures. Time-dependent effect was also not observed.

scholarly journals Evaluation of cytotoxicity and mutagenicity of the benzodiazepine flunitrazepam in vitro and in vivo

2014 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 251-256
Author(s):  
Igor Vivian de Almeida ◽  
Giovana Domingues ◽  
Lilian Capelari Soares ◽  
Elisângela Düsman ◽  
Veronica Elisa Pimenta Vicentini
Keyword(s):  
Rattus Norvegicus ◽  
Bone Marrow Cells ◽  
Micronucleus Test ◽  
Term Treatment ◽  
Genotoxic Effects ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Short Term Treatment ◽  
Chromosomal Aberration Test

Flunitrazepam (FNZ) is a sedative benzodiazepine prescribed for the short-term treatment of insomnia. However, there are concerns regarding possible carcinogenic or genotoxic effects of this medicine. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the cytotoxic, clastogenic and aneugenic effects of FNZ in hepatoma cells from Rattus norvegicus (HTC) in vitro and in bone marrow cells of Wistar rats in vivo. These effects were examined in vitro following treatment with 0.2, 1.0, 5.0 or 10 μg/mL FNZ using a micronucleus test with a cytokinesis block or in vivo using a chromosomal aberration test following treatment with 7, 15 or 30 μg/mL/kg body weight. The results showed that the benzodiazepine concentrations tested were not cytotoxic, aneugenic or clastogenic. However, considering the adverse effects of using this benzodiazepine, more studies are required.

In Vitro Cytotoxicity and Mutagenicity Evaluation of Dental Leucite Glass-Ceramics from Local High Grade Silica Sand

2015 ◽  
Vol 754-755 ◽  
pp. 979-984
Author(s):  
Siti Mazatul Azwa Bt Saiyed Mohd Nurddin ◽  
Malek B. Selamat
Keyword(s):  
Mtt Assay ◽  
Glass Ceramics ◽  
Mutagenic Effect ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Silica Sand ◽  
High Grade ◽  
Reverse Mutation ◽  
Diphenyl Tetrazolium Bromide ◽  
Mutation Assay

The objective of the study was to determine the degree of biocompatibility of leucite glass-ceramics that have been produced from local high grade silica sand in terms of cytotoxicity and mutagenicity assays. In the present study, the cyctotoxicity and mutagenicity were studied using the 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5 diphenyl tetrazolium bromide assay (MTT) and Ames Reverse Mutation. In the MTT assay, a dose response cytotoxicity of leucite sample was evaluated in L929 cells. The cells were treated with the concentrations of 6.25, 12.5, 25.0, 50.00, 100.00 and 200.00 mg/ml of the leucite sample for 24 hours. The cytotoxicity was determined by assessing the cell viability through the reduction of tetrazolium salts (MTT). The mutagenenicity of leucite sample was evaluated inS. typhiriumTA98. TA100, TA1535, TA1537 andE. coliWP2 in the Ames Reverse Mutation assay. Mutagenic effects were evaluated by comparing the mean number of revertant colonies of each extract concentraction with mean number of revertant colonies of the negative control. In results of MTT assay evaluated that the leucite did not show a cytotoxic effect at all concentrations under the condition of the study. Ames Reverse Mutation assay result proven that the leucite sample did not demonstrate a mutagenic effect under the condition of this study withSalmonella typhimuriumandEscherichia coli.

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