scholarly journals Evaluation of elite white clover germplasm under rotational cattle and sheep grazing

1991 ◽  
pp. 105-110
Author(s):  
J.R. Caradus
Keyword(s):  
White Clover ◽  
Cattle Grazing ◽  
Sheep Grazing ◽  
Mixed Species ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Breeding Programmes ◽  
Plant Habit ◽  
Trifolium Repens L ◽  
Clover Content ◽  
Cattle And Sheep

Four white clover (Trifolium repens L.) cultivars, 4 pre-release cultivars and 24 breeding lines were evaluated in small plots in mixed species swards under rotational cattle and sheep grazing for 2 years. There was no significant stock class x line interaction for proportion of clover in the sward. There was no evidence that medium- and smallleaved types yielded better under sheep grazing while larger-leaved types yielded better under cattle grazing. Lines with the highest clover content tended to be large leaved and upright irrespective of stock class. They also had moderate to high stolon growing point densities. Breeding programmes have developed lines with high stolon growing point densities, ensuring vegetative persistence, while still maintaining a high proportion of clover in the sward. These pre-release cultivars and breeding lines gave significantly better clover contents than existing cultivars. Keywords cultivars, selections, plant habit, cyanogenesis, stolon growing point density, clover content, cattle grazing, sheep grazing

scholarly journals Selecting white clover (Trifolium repens L.) for sheep and cattle grazing environments

2006 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 123-126
Author(s):  
Zulfi Jahufer ◽  
John Ford ◽  
John Caradus ◽  
Derek Woodfield
Keyword(s):  
White Clover ◽  
Trifolium Repens ◽  
Cattle Grazing ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Late Autumn ◽  
Commercial Cultivars ◽  
Grazing Systems ◽  
Trifolium Repens L ◽  
Autumn And Winter

Adaptation to different grazing systems is an important attribute in white clover breeding. A set of 41 white clover breeding lines and nine commercial cultivars were evaluated under two grazing systems, sheep and cattle, in Manawatu. The objective was to identify lines with either specific or broad adaptation to these two different grazing systems. The trials were established in late autumn 1997 and completed in autumn 2000. Visual scores of clover yield for spring, summer, autumn and winter of year 2 and spring, summer and autumn of year 3 were analysed. There was significant (P

scholarly journals Enhanced drought tolerance in white clover

1993 ◽  
pp. 97-100
Author(s):  
J. Van den Bosch ◽  
I.K. Black ◽  
G.R. Cousins ◽  
D.R. Woodfield
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
White Clover ◽  
Trifolium Repens ◽  
Root Morphology ◽  
Forage Yield ◽  
Plant Survival ◽  
Breeding Programmes ◽  
Trifolium Repens L ◽  
Per Se

Drought-stress limits white clover (Trifolium repens L.) persistence in many New Zealand regions. As a component of breeding for enhanced drought tolerance, 8 selection groups (110 lines in total) of white clover were evaluated in the Wairarapa over a 2-year period. The selection groups included Australian white clover ecotypes, selections from New Zealand dryland populations, root morphology selections, pre-release selections from New Zealand breeding programmes, and existing overseas and New Zealand cultivars. The selection groups derived from New Zealand dryland populations had the highest forage yield and plant survival, 21 of the 24 individual lines with >30% plant survival coming from these groups. Groups containing Australian ecotypes and overseas cultivars had the lowest forage yield and plant survival. Selections for root morphology per se were lower yielding and less persistent than selections made from New Zealand dryland populations evaluated in drought-prone environments. However, some improvements in forage yield and persistence were observed through selecting for root morphology after screening the same New Zealand dryland populations in a drought-prone North Canterbury site. Keywords: drought tolerance, plant breeding, root morphology, Trifolium repens

Responses to Low P-Supply in Breeding Lines of White Clover (Trifolium Repens L.) Reveals Two Tiers of Responses

2014 ◽  
Vol 37 (9) ◽  
pp. 1441-1454 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jollanda Effendy ◽  
Derek Woodfield ◽  
John Caradus ◽  
Michael T. McManus
Keyword(s):  
White Clover ◽  
Trifolium Repens ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Trifolium Repens L ◽  
P Supply

scholarly journals Survival of endophyte-free perennial ryegrass after autumn spray/ drilling in the Waikato

1998 ◽  
pp. 165-171
Author(s):  
V.T. Van Vught ◽  
E.R. Thom
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
White Clover ◽  
Plant Competition ◽  
First Year ◽  
Research Corporation ◽  
Plant Densities ◽  
Transitory Effect ◽  
Main Plot ◽  
Trifolium Repens L ◽  
Clover Content

The persistence of an endophyte-free ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) pasture established by autumn spray/drilling was studied over two years at the Dairying Research Corporation, Hamilton. Main plots were sprayed with glyphosate at 1.44 kg a.i./ ha (4 l/ha of Roundup G2) in mid March 1996 (S), or mid March and again in mid April (D). White clover (Trifolium repens L.) was removed from half the area of each main plot using herbicide and the remainder was drilled with white clover. All plots were direct drilled with endophyte-free peren-nial ryegrass in late April. Plots were rotationally grazed by dairy cows. Double spraying killed germinating volunteer ryegrass, Poa species and weeds, almost doubling the ryegrass content of D compared with S plots in the first winter/spring, and maintaining an advantage over the first year from drilling. Plants were larger in D than S over the first winter/spring, contributing to about a 10% improvement in their survival, reducing to about 5% by March 1998. Sown-plant densities were 200-250/m2 by April 1998, similar to those found in high-endophyte pastures. Double spraying reduced the clover content of +Cl plots to similar levels as those in -Cl plots, lowering the potential herbage accumulation for D. Double spraying before drilling had a transitory effect on seasonal herbage accumulation, and no effect on overall herbage accumulation. Keywords: dairy pastures, endophyte, persistence, plant competition, ryegrass, tillering, white clover

Yield and stolon characteristics of white clover (Trifolium repens L.) cultivars in perennial pasture in Victoria

1997 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 159 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. G. Clark ◽  
M. J. McFadden
Keyword(s):  
White Clover ◽  
Trifolium Repens ◽  
Leaf Size ◽  
Summer Drought ◽  
Sheep Grazing ◽  
Drought Period ◽  
Diverse Range ◽  
Herbage Yield ◽  
Seed Reserves ◽  
Trifolium Repens L

Summary. The herbage yield, stolon characteristics and soil seed reserves of a diverse range of white clover (Trifolium repens L.) cultivars were studied at Hamilton in south-western Victoria. The cultivars were sown with perennial grass (Phalaris aquatica L.) and the pasture was rotationally grazed by sheep. The aim of the study was to identify white clover types which would persist under sheep grazing. The widely used cultivar, Haifa, fails to persist in this environment. Cultivars were divided into 3 groups depending on leaf size (range 2.5–13.0 cm2). Large-leaved cultivars were the most productive in the first year of the experiment but by year 3 some of the intermediate leaf-size cultivars were the most productive. Haifa (large leaved) was particularly unproductive in the third year compared with other large and intermediate leaf-size cultivars. Stolon characteristics were measured in early spring 1987, mid summer 1988 and early autumn 1988. Total stolon yield on each occasion was 0.46–0.99, 0.65–1.68 and 0.05–0.25 t DM/ha respectively. Intermediate leaf- size cultivars tended to have the highest stolon yields on each occasion. Stolon yield declined at the same rate (mean 87%; range 81–92%) in all cultivars between the second and third sampling date indicating that there is no variation in the cultivars’ ability to survive the summer drought period. Although seed reserves for most cultivars were high at the end of the experiment (range 11–130 kg/ha) no seedling recruitment was observed and seed is thought to play no role in sward survival in this environment. Plant breeders developing white clover cultivars for this environment should concentrate on maximising stolon yield at the beginning and end of the summer drought period (January–mid March). Intermediate leaf-size genotypes are likely to provide the best combination of stolon and herbage yield. Grazing management should also aim to maximise stolon yield at these critical times. The use of large-leaved, non-stoloniferous cultivars should be discouraged by advisers as they are not suited to this marginal environment under sheep grazing.

BREEDING A WHITE CLOVER ADAPTED TO SOUTHERN LOWLAND REGIONS OF NEW ZEALAND

1985 ◽  
pp. 203-207
Author(s):  
K.H. Widdup
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
White Clover ◽  
Trifolium Repens ◽  
Growth Habit ◽  
Agronomic Performance ◽  
Sheep Grazing ◽  
Growth Morphology ◽  
Active Growth ◽  
Hill Country ◽  
Trifolium Repens L

White clover populations from Europe and New Zealand together with ecotypes collected from old pastures in Southland-Otago were evaluated as spaced plants at Gore. Plants were screened for herbage production and morphological and flowering characteristics. The Southland ecotypes and North Island hill country material are adapted to active growth in spring and summer. Their dense growth habit ensures continued production of branched stolons from nodal meristems which is necessary for high clover yield and persistence under intensive sheep grazing. In this region flowering characteristics are unimportant in relation to agronomic performance. Some largerleaved Huia and French lines have high-yielding features which are evident during autumn under lenient grazing. Hybrids between superior plants showing adaptive and high yie!ding features are being screened in order to select new types with the desired characteristics. Keywords: White clover, Trifolium repens L., plant breeding, southern region, ecotypes, growth, morphology.

Genotypic evaluation of introduced white clover (Trifolium repens L.) germplasm in New Zealand

2016 ◽  
Vol 67 (8) ◽  
pp. 897 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Z. Z. Jahufer ◽  
J. L. Ford ◽  
D. R. W. Woodfield ◽  
B. A. Barrett
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
White Clover ◽  
Trifolium Repens ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Allelic Variation ◽  
Genotypic Variation ◽  
Dry Matter Yield ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
F1 Progeny ◽  
Trifolium Repens L

Optimal evaluation and use of introduced germplasm for species improvement is an ongoing challenge. Research was conducted to survey a select set of introduced white clover (Trifolium repens L.) germplasm from broad geographic origins to assess their genetic potential, based on F1 crosses to elite New Zealand cultivars. The bulk progeny generated from test crosses to Grasslands cultivars Demand, Sustain and Kopu II were evaluated at Palmerston North under rotational grazing by sheep. The replicated trial consisted of the 26 germplasm accessions, three cultivars used as maternal parents, and 78 F1 bulk progeny breeding lines. Three morphological traits and estimated seasonal dry matter yield were measured over four years. Significant (P < 0.05) genotypic variation was observed for all these traits among the parents and F1 progeny lines. F1 progeny lines with traits values greater than the cultivars were identified. Significant (P < 0.05) genotype-by-season (σ2gs) and genotype-by-year (σ2gy) interactions were estimated for dry matter yield. Principle component analysis of the F1 progeny-by-trait BLUP matrix identified 16 elite progeny lines with mean seasonal dry matter yield equal to or higher than the cultivars. Half of the lines had Demand as the cultivar parent, while only three had Kopu II as a parent. Fourteen of these progeny lines were derived from crosses to Australasian adapted germplasm. This study indicated that choice of adapted cultivar with which to cross is important, and introduced germplasm from Australasia is a valuable source of adaptive variation in these F1 progeny. More complex approaches may be needed to identify and use adaptive allelic variation from germplasm sources beyond Australasia.

Grasslands NuSiral white clover (Trifolium repens L.)

2002 ◽  
Vol 42 (7) ◽  
pp. 1023 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. F. Ayres ◽  
L. A. Lane ◽  
J. R. Caradus ◽  
P. T. P. Clifford
Keyword(s):  
White Clover ◽  
Trifolium Repens ◽  
Summer Rainfall ◽  
Moisture Stress ◽  
Annual Rainfall ◽  
Winter Rainfall ◽  
Mild Winter ◽  
Winter Activity ◽  
Trifolium Repens L ◽  
Cattle And Sheep

Grasslands NuSiral is a medium–large-leaf white clover (Trifolium repens L.) cultivar with intermediate growth habit (midway between open and erect and dense and prostrate), early flowering maturity and high growing point density. G. NuSiral possesses the plant-type attributes known to be desirable for broad adaptation to dryland pasture conditions in Australia and has been developed for cattle and sheep pastures in both summer rainfall and winter rainfall areas where average annual rainfall exceeds 750 mm. G. NuSiral is expected to provide enhanced stolon survival and autumn recovery in environments where summer moisture stress is present but not intense, and winter growth comparable to cv. Haifa where mild winter conditions allow the expression of G. NuSiral's winter activity.

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