Genotypic evaluation of introduced white clover (Trifolium repens L.) germplasm in New Zealand

2016 ◽  
Vol 67 (8) ◽  
pp. 897 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Z. Z. Jahufer ◽  
J. L. Ford ◽  
D. R. W. Woodfield ◽  
B. A. Barrett
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
White Clover ◽  
Trifolium Repens ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Allelic Variation ◽  
Genotypic Variation ◽  
Dry Matter Yield ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
F1 Progeny ◽  
Trifolium Repens L

Optimal evaluation and use of introduced germplasm for species improvement is an ongoing challenge. Research was conducted to survey a select set of introduced white clover (Trifolium repens L.) germplasm from broad geographic origins to assess their genetic potential, based on F1 crosses to elite New Zealand cultivars. The bulk progeny generated from test crosses to Grasslands cultivars Demand, Sustain and Kopu II were evaluated at Palmerston North under rotational grazing by sheep. The replicated trial consisted of the 26 germplasm accessions, three cultivars used as maternal parents, and 78 F1 bulk progeny breeding lines. Three morphological traits and estimated seasonal dry matter yield were measured over four years. Significant (P < 0.05) genotypic variation was observed for all these traits among the parents and F1 progeny lines. F1 progeny lines with traits values greater than the cultivars were identified. Significant (P < 0.05) genotype-by-season (σ2gs) and genotype-by-year (σ2gy) interactions were estimated for dry matter yield. Principle component analysis of the F1 progeny-by-trait BLUP matrix identified 16 elite progeny lines with mean seasonal dry matter yield equal to or higher than the cultivars. Half of the lines had Demand as the cultivar parent, while only three had Kopu II as a parent. Fourteen of these progeny lines were derived from crosses to Australasian adapted germplasm. This study indicated that choice of adapted cultivar with which to cross is important, and introduced germplasm from Australasia is a valuable source of adaptive variation in these F1 progeny. More complex approaches may be needed to identify and use adaptive allelic variation from germplasm sources beyond Australasia.

scholarly journals Long-term effects of pastoral fallowing on the distribution and performance of white clover (Trifolium repens L.) in a hill country pasture

1996 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 75-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z.N. Nie ◽  
I. Valentine ◽  
A.D. Mackay ◽  
D.J. Barker ◽  
J. Hodgson
Keyword(s):  
White Clover ◽  
Trifolium Repens ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Dry Matter Yield ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Hill Country ◽  
Trifolium Repens L ◽  
And Performance

Previous work found that white clover (Trifolium repens L.) yield initially decreased, but subsequently increased following a pastoral fallow. The objective of this research was to quantify the response in herbage production and stolon characteristics of white clover up to 4 years after fallowing. Four treatments were used: fallowed 1990/91 (F4), fallowed 1991/92 (F3), fallowed 1993/94 (F1) and non-fallowed (F0). The fallowing period was between September and May. White clover dry matter yield (between 15/12/94 and 18/5/95) was significantly greater for the treatment F4 than F0 (P

scholarly journals Agromorphological characterization, cyanogenesis and productivity of accessions of white clover (Trifolium repens L.) collected in Northern Spain

2013 ◽  
Vol 49 (No. 1) ◽  
pp. 24-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.A. Oliveira ◽  
J.E. López ◽  
P. Palencia
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
White Clover ◽  
Trifolium Repens ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Morphological Character ◽  
Essential Element ◽  
Dry Matter Yield ◽  
Northern Spain ◽  
Trifolium Repens L ◽  
Livestock Systems

White clover (Trifolium repens L.) is an essential element of sustainable livestock systems in temperate climates because of its adaptability to a range of management and soil fertility conditions. The performance of 15 accessions of white clover collected in northern Spain, and of two cultivars, the medium-leaved Huia and the large-leaved California, grown as spaced plants in Galicia, and in sward plots in Asturias was compared over a period of two years. The data obtained were reduced to two principal components that cumulatively explained 92.4% of the total variance. Cluster analysis identified three groups of accessions that described 71% of the phenotypic variation among accessions. One group of five accessions collected from upland sites was characterized by low dry matter yield, low height, reduced plant spread, short petioles, small leaves and thin stolons. This group can be defined as small-leaved and of interest for gardening. Another group, composed only by the cv. California and the cv. Huia, was characterized by high plant spread and height, long wide leaves and thick petioles and stolons; dry matter yields were similar to those of the first group. The last group, which includes ten accessions collected from low and medium altitude sites, had the highest dry matter yields and intermediate morphological character between the previous groups. This group can be defined as medium-leaved and of interest for grazing and/or cutting.

scholarly journals Enhanced drought tolerance in white clover

1993 ◽  
pp. 97-100
Author(s):  
J. Van den Bosch ◽  
I.K. Black ◽  
G.R. Cousins ◽  
D.R. Woodfield
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
White Clover ◽  
Trifolium Repens ◽  
Root Morphology ◽  
Forage Yield ◽  
Plant Survival ◽  
Breeding Programmes ◽  
Trifolium Repens L ◽  
Per Se

Drought-stress limits white clover (Trifolium repens L.) persistence in many New Zealand regions. As a component of breeding for enhanced drought tolerance, 8 selection groups (110 lines in total) of white clover were evaluated in the Wairarapa over a 2-year period. The selection groups included Australian white clover ecotypes, selections from New Zealand dryland populations, root morphology selections, pre-release selections from New Zealand breeding programmes, and existing overseas and New Zealand cultivars. The selection groups derived from New Zealand dryland populations had the highest forage yield and plant survival, 21 of the 24 individual lines with >30% plant survival coming from these groups. Groups containing Australian ecotypes and overseas cultivars had the lowest forage yield and plant survival. Selections for root morphology per se were lower yielding and less persistent than selections made from New Zealand dryland populations evaluated in drought-prone environments. However, some improvements in forage yield and persistence were observed through selecting for root morphology after screening the same New Zealand dryland populations in a drought-prone North Canterbury site. Keywords: drought tolerance, plant breeding, root morphology, Trifolium repens

A rapid semi-quantitative procedure for screening hydrocyanic acid in white clover (Trifolium repens L.)

2001 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 515 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. F. Ayres ◽  
R. D. Murison ◽  
A. D. Turner ◽  
S. Harden
Keyword(s):  
White Clover ◽  
Trifolium Repens ◽  
Genotypic Variation ◽  
Selenium Deficiency ◽  
Hydrocyanic Acid ◽  
Large White ◽  
Colour Reaction ◽  
Germplasm Collections ◽  
Quantitative Screening ◽  
Trifolium Repens L

The presence of cyanogenic glucosides in white clover (Trifolium repens L.) is an anti-nutritional factor due to the potential for cyanide to pre-dispose selenium deficiency in grazing animals. Considerable genotypic variation in cyanogenesis occurs in white clover and it is important that highly cyanogenic white clover lines are identified to ensure that germpasm used in breeding programs does not lead to the release of cultivars that exceed safe levels. A procedure for rapid semi-quantitative screening of large white clover germplasm collections is described. This procedure is based on the picrate assay and utilises computer imagery and calibration relationships between spectral intensity (red, green, blue bands) of the colour reaction on picrate paper with cyanide in standard solutions to predict hydrocyanic acid concentration in white clover leaf.

Responses to Low P-Supply in Breeding Lines of White Clover (Trifolium Repens L.) Reveals Two Tiers of Responses

2014 ◽  
Vol 37 (9) ◽  
pp. 1441-1454 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jollanda Effendy ◽  
Derek Woodfield ◽  
John Caradus ◽  
Michael T. McManus
Keyword(s):  
White Clover ◽  
Trifolium Repens ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Trifolium Repens L ◽  
P Supply

Dry matter production of white clover (Trifolium repens L.), Caucasian clover (T. ambiguum M. Bieb.) and their associated hybrids when grown with a grass companion over 3 harvest years

2003 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. H. Marshall ◽  
A. Williams ◽  
M. T. Abberton ◽  
T. P. T. Michaelson-Yeates ◽  
H. G. Powell
Keyword(s):  
White Clover ◽  
Trifolium Repens ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Dry Matter Production ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Trifolium Repens L

scholarly journals Selecting white clover (Trifolium repens L.) for sheep and cattle grazing environments

2006 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 123-126
Author(s):  
Zulfi Jahufer ◽  
John Ford ◽  
John Caradus ◽  
Derek Woodfield
Keyword(s):  
White Clover ◽  
Trifolium Repens ◽  
Cattle Grazing ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Late Autumn ◽  
Commercial Cultivars ◽  
Grazing Systems ◽  
Trifolium Repens L ◽  
Autumn And Winter

Adaptation to different grazing systems is an important attribute in white clover breeding. A set of 41 white clover breeding lines and nine commercial cultivars were evaluated under two grazing systems, sheep and cattle, in Manawatu. The objective was to identify lines with either specific or broad adaptation to these two different grazing systems. The trials were established in late autumn 1997 and completed in autumn 2000. Visual scores of clover yield for spring, summer, autumn and winter of year 2 and spring, summer and autumn of year 3 were analysed. There was significant (P

BREEDING A WHITE CLOVER ADAPTED TO SOUTHERN LOWLAND REGIONS OF NEW ZEALAND

1985 ◽  
pp. 203-207
Author(s):  
K.H. Widdup
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
White Clover ◽  
Trifolium Repens ◽  
Growth Habit ◽  
Agronomic Performance ◽  
Sheep Grazing ◽  
Growth Morphology ◽  
Active Growth ◽  
Hill Country ◽  
Trifolium Repens L

White clover populations from Europe and New Zealand together with ecotypes collected from old pastures in Southland-Otago were evaluated as spaced plants at Gore. Plants were screened for herbage production and morphological and flowering characteristics. The Southland ecotypes and North Island hill country material are adapted to active growth in spring and summer. Their dense growth habit ensures continued production of branched stolons from nodal meristems which is necessary for high clover yield and persistence under intensive sheep grazing. In this region flowering characteristics are unimportant in relation to agronomic performance. Some largerleaved Huia and French lines have high-yielding features which are evident during autumn under lenient grazing. Hybrids between superior plants showing adaptive and high yie!ding features are being screened in order to select new types with the desired characteristics. Keywords: White clover, Trifolium repens L., plant breeding, southern region, ecotypes, growth, morphology.

Factors affecting the hydrogen cyanide potential of white clover (Trifolium repens L.)

1987 ◽  
Vol 38 (6) ◽  
pp. 1053 ◽  
Author(s):  
PJ Vickery ◽  
JL Wheeler ◽  
C Mulcahy
Keyword(s):  
Light Intensity ◽  
White Clover ◽  
Trifolium Repens ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Late Pregnancy ◽  
Moisture Stress ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Cool Temperature ◽  
Trifolium Repens L ◽  
Phosphorus Application

Pot experiments were used to determine the effects of age, light, temperature, mineral nutrition and wilting on the HCN potential (HCNp ) of white clover (Trifolium repens L.). HCNp, adjusted for pre-expenmental HCNp, was reduced by higher light intensity (505 v. 220 mg HCN kg-1 DM), by increased temperature (408 v. 317 mg HCN kg-1 DM) and by phosphorus application (382 v. 343 mg HCN kg-1 DM). These effects were largely explained by the hypothesis that HCNp diminished as the size and vigour of the plant increased, and the use of dry matter production as a covariate on HCNp removed the significant effects of light, temperature and phosphorus. In two experiments wilting plants prior to harvest increased HCNp by 15 and 24%, and reduced dry matter yield by 9 and 13%. HCNp declined curvilinearly as the white clover aged. The conditions shown to favour high HCNp, namely, immaturity, moisture stress, low light intensity, cool temperature, and inadequate P supply, are those which occur periodically in the late autumn and early spring of temperate climates. Sheep in late pregnancy at this time, could, if white clover comprises a substantial proportion of their diet, experience thiocyanate absorption as a consequence of HCN detoxication and hence increase the risk of goitri to the lamb.

scholarly journals Yield and botanical composition of four dryland pastures at Ashley Dene Research Farm over 8 years

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Breanna Taylor ◽  
Anna Mills ◽  
Malcolm Smith ◽  
Richard Lucas ◽  
Derrick Moot
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Perennial Ryegrass ◽  
White Clover ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Dry Matter Yield ◽  
Botanical Composition ◽  
Meadow Fescue ◽  
Dry Conditions ◽  
Spring Yield

Dry matter yield and botanical composition of four grazed dryland pasture types were compared over 8 years in summer-dry conditions at Ashley Dene, Canterbury, New Zealand. The experiment was sown in March 2013 to evaluate cocksfoot (CF)- or meadow fescue/ryegrass hybrid (RG)-based pastures established with either subterranean (Sub) or subterranean and balansa (S+B) clovers. Plantain was included in all pasture types. Perennial ryegrass established poorly on the low soil moisture holding capacity Lismore soil and in Year 2 was re-broadcast into the RG pastures. Despite this, plantain was the main sown species in RG pastures beyond Year 3. Total spring yield was greatest in Year 5 at 6720 kg DM/ha and varied with spring rainfall. Cocksfoot-based pastures had 60% of sown species present in the spring of Year 8, compared with 28% in RG-based pastures. Balansa clover was only present up to Year 5 after a managed seeding event in the first spring. White clover did not persist in the dryland environment past Year 2. Sub clover yield depended on the time and amount of autumn rainfall but contributed up to 45% of the spring yield. Cocksfoot-sub clover pastures appear to be most resilient in this summer-dry environment with variable spring rainfall.

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